Certificate in International Trade and Finance (CITF)
Specimen paper
2 Hours
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1
This question paper consists of 100 stand alone multiple choice questions.
2
Only silent, non-programmable calculators may be used in this examination.
OTHER INFORMATION
1.
Answer ALL questions.
A qualification assessed and awarded by the ifs School of Finance, a registered charity incorporated by Royal Charter.
Certificate in International Trade and Finance - Specimen paper
1.
For a valid contract to come into effect there must be:
A
B
C
D
2.
The latest Terrorism Act was passed in which year?
A
B
C
D
3.
agent.
exporter.
importer.
insurer.
In international trade, importers will commonly make payments against:
A
B
C
D
7.
air only.
rail and air.
rail and road.
road and air.
When agreeing to payment in advance terms, who will carry the greatest level of risk in the
transaction? The:
A
B
C
D
6.
explain the terms used in documentary credits.
state the responsibilities of exporters and importers engaged in international trade.
state the roles and responsibilities of banks engaged in international trade.
state the rules for collecting overseas trade debts.
An international consignment note can be used for transport by:
A
B
C
D
5.
2000.
2003.
2005.
2007.
Which of the following most accurately describes the purpose of Incoterms? They:
A
B
C
D
4.
a formal document.
a witness.
an affidavit.
consideration.
certificates.
consents.
documents.
policies.
The most secure method of payment for an exporter is:
A
B
C
D
documentary collection.
documentary credit.
open account.
payment in advance.
Page 2 of 18
Certificate in International Trade and Finance - Specimen paper
8.
A standby letter of credit may be subject to:
A
B
C
D
9.
Which of the following governs the issuance of demand bonds and guarantees?
A
B
C
D
10.
A lot of credits paid into the account.
Many small cheques being written.
Requests for regular statements.
Requests that do not seem to make commercial sense.
Which of the following bodies is responsible for Incoterms?
A
B
C
D
14.
Money Laundering Regulations.
Money Lenders' Rights.
Money Locating Rationale.
Money Loss Reimbursement.
Which of the following activities, if seen on a business account, might put bank staff upon
enquiry?
A
B
C
D
13.
clearly stated on the company's certificate of registration.
something its staff are fully qualified to provide.
within a certain geographical area.
within the objectives set out in the company's memorandum and articles of association.
What does MLR stand for?
A
B
C
D
12.
Incoterms 2000.
UCP 600.
URC 522.
URDG 458.
For a limited company to have capacity to contract, the nature of the business must be:
A
B
C
D
11.
eUCP.
Incoterms 2000.
UCP 600 or ISP 98.
URC 522 only.
The International Chambers of Commerce.
The International Monetary Fund.
The Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Transactions.
The World Trade Organisation.
Which combination of documents must an exporter provide under 'CFR' terms?
A
B
C
D
Customs documentation and insurance certificate.
Invoice and bill of exchange.
Invoice and transport documents.
Invoice, seller’s contingency insurance certificate and transport documents.
Page 3 of 18
Certificate in International Trade and Finance - Specimen paper
15.
Which of the following documents assures the importer that goods are of a certain standard?
A
B
C
D
16.
Which type of invoice is requested when a country wishes to prevent the dumping of goods at
artificially low prices?
A
B
C
D
17.
D
his invoice directly to the importer.
his invoice together with the other shipping documents under a documentary credit.
his invoice with other shipping documents to his bank and ask his bank to collect the
payment on his behalf.
the invoice to the exporter's bank under a remittance schedule and ask the importers
bank to collect payment on his behalf.
Which of the following would not normally be found on a commercial invoice?
A
B
C
D
21.
ICC 2000.
UCP 600.
URC 522.
URDG.
With open account trade, an exporter will submit:
A
B
C
20.
exporter.
importer.
insurance company.
shipping company.
Which of the following sets out the rules for collections?
A
B
C
D
19.
Commercial invoice.
Consular invoice.
Legalised invoice.
Pro-forma invoice.
In an open account transaction, who carries the highest risk? The:
A
B
C
D
18.
An ECGD policy.
An inspection certificate.
An insurance certificate.
An insurance policy.
Charges for insurance and freight and packing details.
Description and price of goods, date of the invoice, the terms of sale and exporter's
signature.
Name and address of seller, buyer, description and price of goods and date of the invoice.
The terms of the contract of carriage.
Apple Limited contracts with Banana Limited to build a bridge for Banana Limited. Banana
Limited requires a guarantee from Orange Bank. Under URDG 458, who is the principal?
A
B
C
D
A third party.
Apple Limited.
Banana Limited.
Orange Bank.
Page 4 of 18
Certificate in International Trade and Finance - Specimen paper
22.
Which of the following terms would you not expect to see in a contract?
A
B
C
D
23.
Which of the following is incorrect? Under the PCA it is a criminal offence to be involved in:
A
B
C
D
24.
Bill of exchange.
Certificate of origin.
Commercial invoice.
Consular invoice.
Under a 90-day bill of exchange, the drawee will have an obligation to:
A
B
C
D
28.
It does not contain Incoterms.
It does not have the exporter’s signature.
It does not state the cost of the goods.
It is not a demand for payment.
Which of the following is not a commercial document?
A
B
C
D
27.
at any port.
at the importer’s premises.
for collection at their premises.
to a carrier.
How does a pro-forma invoice differ from a commercial invoice?
A
B
C
D
26.
concealing, disguising, converting, transferring or removing criminal property from the UK.
the acquisition and/or possession of criminal property.
tipping off a person that a disclosure has been made.
using a forged passport to open a bank account.
A sales contract specifies 'Ex Works'. This means that the exporter must make the goods
available:
A
B
C
D
25.
Prices.
The governing law.
The names of the parties to a contract.
The qualifications of the contracting parties.
accept the bill and arrange to have sufficient funds available to make payment 90 days
later.
discount the bill.
discount the bill and arrange to have sufficient funds available to make payment 90 days
later.
negotiate the bill.
Which of the following is not one of the three recognised phases of money laundering?
A
B
C
D
Evasion.
Integration.
Layering.
Placement.
Page 5 of 18
Certificate in International Trade and Finance - Specimen paper
29.
What does Incoterms stand for?
A
B
C
D
30.
Which of the following has established universally accepted rules for the treatment of
collections?
A
B
C
D
31.
A factoring facility.
A letter of credit.
A standby guarantee.
An invoice discounting facility.
In international trade transactions, a guarantor issues the guarantee on behalf of:
A
B
C
D
35.
As soon as the shipping company agrees.
Before shipment is made.
When the goods arrive.
When they receive evidence of shipment.
Which of the following would not be used in conjunction with open account trade?
A
B
C
D
34.
bank.
drawee.
freight forwarder.
payee.
Sanjay Importing Limited agree to buy a shipment of materials from Hong Kong Trading
Corporation. It agrees payment in advance terms. When should Sanjay Importing Limited make
the payment?
A
B
C
D
33.
The Bank of England.
The Financial Services Authority.
The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
The International Chamber of Commerce.
A promissory note is drawn up by the:
A
B
C
D
32.
International commercial terms.
International company terms.
International contract terms.
International counter party terms.
a third party.
the beneficiary.
the beneficiary's bank.
the principal.
On receipt of an offer, the recipient may then:
A
B
C
D
accept the offer.
alter the amount of goods quoted unilaterally.
alter the price unilaterally.
pass the offer on to another party.
Page 6 of 18
Certificate in International Trade and Finance - Specimen paper
36.
A bank collects a cheque or bill of exchange on behalf of someone who is not the true owner of
it. The bank is guilty of:
A
B
C
D
37.
The contract terms are 'FCA Southampton Container Depot'. Which of the following transport
documents would be acceptable to the importer?
A
B
C
D
38.
Discount against an avalised bill of exchange.
Invoice finance with insurance.
Negotiation of a bill of exchange.
Pre-shipment finance against a confirmed letter of credit where all documents comply.
A sight bill of exchange allows the exporter to receive reimbursement:
A
B
C
D
42.
Bill of exchange.
Cheque.
Credit note.
Promissory note.
Which of the following would provide finance for the exporter with recourse?
A
B
C
D
41.
90 days after the arrival of the ship.
90 days after the goods are despatched from the vendor.
90 days from the date on the bill of exchange.
at sight.
Which of the following is not a financial document commonly presented under a documentary
collection?
A
B
C
D
40.
Air waybill, marked freight paid.
Air waybill, unmarked.
Container bill of lading marked 'freight paid'.
Container bill of lading marked 'freight payable at destination'.
Which of the following terms on a bill of exchange giving 90 days' credit will be acceptable? Pay
this bill of exchange:
A
B
C
D
39.
conversion.
deception.
fraud.
theft.
following acceptance by the importer.
when documents are presented by the exporter.
when the importer is presented with the bill of exchange.
when the importer’s bank receives the bill of exchange.
What course of action would the issuer take in the event of a claim being made against the
guarantee?
A
B
C
D
They must first check the underlying contract to ensure there has been an actual
omission.
They must honour the payment.
They should appoint an agent to check validity of the claim.
They should first seek approval from the principal to make payment.
Page 7 of 18
Certificate in International Trade and Finance - Specimen paper
43.
Which of the following statements is correct?
A
B
C
D
44.
Failure to comply with all terms of a contract constitutes a breach of contract unless:
A
B
C
D
45.
Always within 30 days of the invoice date.
In accordance with the contract.
On receipt of the goods.
When the goods are shipped.
In which of the following areas would importers or exporters need to produce a SAD document?
A
B
C
D
49.
Combined transport bill of lading.
Freight forwarder’s bill of lading.
Promissory note.
Sea freight bill of lading.
In an open account transaction, when should payment be made?
A
B
C
D
48.
Call the police immediately.
Carry out a citizen's arrest upon the client.
Refuse to carry out the transaction.
Report the matter to your bank's compliance or money laundering department.
Which of the following documents is fully negotiable?
A
B
C
D
47.
a 'force majeure' clause can be applied.
one of the parties becomes bankrupt.
one of the parties goes into liquidation.
the purchaser runs out of funds.
If you are suspicious about a transaction which a client has asked you to carry out, what must
you do?
A
B
C
D
46.
Delay in presenting a bill of exchange for payment removes liability from the acceptor.
Once acceptance has been given the importer has no liability for payment.
Signature by the acceptor does not indicate legal capacity to do so.
The drawee has no liability on a bill until it is accepted.
Australia.
Canada.
Germany.
Mexico.
Which of the following describes the collection of a bill of exchange without any other
commercial or transport documents?
A
B
C
D
Clean collection.
Documentary collection.
Exchange collection.
Promissory collection.
Page 8 of 18
Certificate in International Trade and Finance - Specimen paper
50.
Advance of funds against a draft and/or documents is referred to as:
A
B
C
D
51.
For a bank to advance money to an importer against the security of goods, which of the
following conditions are essential? The importer has:
A
B
C
D
52.
Section 2.
Section 4.
Section 24.
Section 32.
Under 'FAS Port of London' terms, which of the following most accurately describes the
responsibilities of the exporter? Package goods in a suitable manner:
A
B
C
D
56.
have the breacher arrested.
have the breacher fined for criminal negligence.
seize the breacher's assets.
void the contract.
Which section of the Bills of Exchange Act covers forged signatures?
A
B
C
D
55.
A duty deferment guarantee.
A tender bond.
A warranty bond.
An advanced payment guarantee.
A breach of contract by one party enables the other party to:
A
B
C
D
54.
a full set of original bills of lading.
a full set of original bills of lading and the non-negotiable copies.
a full set of original bills of lading consigned to a local freight forwarder.
a full set of original bills of lading marked 'consigned to order'.
Which of the following may be required once a performance bond has expired?
A
B
C
D
53.
acceptance.
payment.
honour.
negotiation.
and complete export and customs formalities.
complete export and customs formalities and supply a commercial invoice.
complete export and customs formalities, provide insurance to cover the voyage and
supply a commercial invoice.
complete export and customs formalities, supply a commercial invoice and arrange
seller’s interest insurance.
A 'letter of credit' is also known as a:
A
B
C
D
bank credit.
documentary credit.
payment credit.
uniform credit.
Page 9 of 18
Certificate in International Trade and Finance - Specimen paper
57.
Suspicion of money laundering in a bank should normally be reported to the bank's:
A
B
C
D
58.
Which of the following describes the difference between a 'collection' and a 'letter of credit'?
With a letter of credit:
A
B
C
D
59.
A bank.
A shipping company.
A warehousing agent.
An insurance company.
'Layering' is:
A
B
C
D
63.
given the number of the local police station.
made aware of the law relating to money laundering and terrorist financing.
professionally qualified in financial accounting techniques.
trained in how to make a citizen's arrest.
Which of the following issues a letter of credit?
A
B
C
D
62.
A bill of lading.
A notary's confirmation of the dishonour of a bill.
A packing list.
Certificate of origin.
To forestall money laundering, banks must take appropriate measures to ensure that all staff
are:
A
B
C
D
61.
a bank adds its own name to the transaction.
an insurance company issues a credit note.
the buyer must always pay within 180 days.
the supplier always receives payment in advance.
Which document might form part of a claim under a bank guarantee?
A
B
C
D
60.
Chief Executive Officer.
Chief Financial Officer.
Compliance Officer.
Head of Security.
a method of counting bank notes.
having lots of bank accounts.
passing money through several transactions so as to hide its origins.
passing several transactions through one account in the same day.
When negotiating a contract, which words should be added to correspondence to show that it is
part of the negotiation process rather than a formal offer?
A
B
C
D
Caveat emptor.
Pro forma.
Sub judice.
Subject to contract.
Page 10 of 18
Certificate in International Trade and Finance - Specimen paper
64.
The term FOB stands for:
A
B
C
D
65.
In a letter of credit, the importer is also known as the:
A
B
C
D
66.
acceptance facility.
counter indemnity facility.
counter trade facility.
forfaiting facility.
Assignment of a guarantee:
A
B
C
D
70.
a guarantee from the importer's bank.
a minimum of six months credit from the exporter.
advanced payment by the importer.
commercial and/or transport papers.
A facility granted to importers which guarantees an accepted bill of exchange is also known as:
A
B
C
D
69.
are always treated separately to the credit.
are not necessary because the bank assumes the risk.
must be as specified in the credit.
will always be negotiable instruments.
Documentary collections always involve:
A
B
C
D
68.
agent.
applicant.
intermediary.
seller.
Which of the following statements is true in connection with the presentation of documents
associated with a letter of credit? They:
A
B
C
D
67.
first over board.
free of bills of exchange.
free of bills of lading.
free on board.
allows the proceeds to be paid to a nominated party.
enables the guarantee to be amended.
enables the guarantee to be cancelled.
enables the principal to dispute a claim.
The first step in handling a commercial dispute should be to:
A
B
C
D
attempt to reach a compromise.
cancel the contract.
go to arbitration.
hire a good lawyer.
Page 11 of 18
Certificate in International Trade and Finance - Specimen paper
71.
If you run a London-based exporting company, what would you wish to nominate as the law
governing the contract?
A
B
C
D
72.
Under the Incoterm 'CFR Durban', which of the following obligations are the responsibility of the
exporter? Package goods in a suitable manner:
A
B
C
D
73.
bills of exchange.
letters of credit.
promissory notes.
trust receipts.
A standby letter of credit is used:
A
B
C
D
77.
a large cash surplus in its bank account.
a revolving credit arrangement with its bank.
an ongoing relationship with the importer.
not previously dealt with the importer.
Very large companies can sometimes raise finance by the issue of commercial paper direct to
investors. These are also known as:
A
B
C
D
76.
ICC 2000.
UCP 600.
URC 522.
URDG Article 3.
Why might an exporting company insist on payment in advance terms? When it has:
A
B
C
D
75.
supply a commercial invoice to the buyer and pay for the transport of goods to Durban.
and pay for export licence, duties, taxes, supply a commercial invoice to the buyer.
and pay for export licence, duties, taxes, supply a commercial invoice to the buyer, pay
for the transport of goods to Durban, pay for the unloading costs and supply the transport
document.
and pay for export licence, duties, taxes, supply a commercial invoice to the buyer and
documentary evidence of seller’s contingency insurance.
Letters of credit must comply with which of the following?
A
B
C
D
74.
British law.
English law.
The law of diminishing returns.
The law of the buyer's country.
as a means of payment.
as a warranty for goods or service.
to give title to goods.
to protect against non payment.
Who should documents be presented to in order to terminate a guarantee?
A
B
C
D
The beneficiary.
The exporter.
The guarantor.
The importer.
Page 12 of 18
Certificate in International Trade and Finance - Specimen paper
78.
The 'Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration' is published by which organisation?
A
B
C
D
79.
A clean bill of lading marked 'shipped on board' and 'freight paid to Hong Kong' would be
acceptable under which of the following shipping terms?
A
B
C
D
80.
40-50%.
60-70%.
80-90%.
100%.
A standby letter of credit is issued by a bank on behalf of the:
A
B
C
D
84.
exporter.
exporter's bank.
importer.
importer's bank.
An invoice finance facility will typically provide what percentage advancement for an invoice?
A
B
C
D
83.
banks deal in documents and not the underlying goods themselves.
once issued, they are easy to be cancelled at any time.
the bank involved will always take ownership of the goods and sell them.
the underlying goods must be shipped by sea.
In a documentary collection, the principal is normally the:
A
B
C
D
82.
CFR(Hong Kong).
CIF(Hong Kong).
EXW(Hong Kong).
FOB(Hong Kong).
A key aspect of letters of credit is that:
A
B
C
D
81.
NATO.
UNCITRAL.
UNICEF.
WHO.
applicant.
beneficiary.
drawer.
exporter.
In a letter of credit, which of the following describes the bank in the exporter's country through
which the credit is transmitted? The:
A
B
C
D
advising bank.
issuing bank.
nominated bank.
remitting bank.
Page 13 of 18
Certificate in International Trade and Finance - Specimen paper
85.
Once final agreement is reached on a contract, and it is signed by all parties, any amendments
will require:
A
B
C
D
86.
In documentary collections, the specified collecting and presenting banks are normally:
A
B
C
D
87.
applicant.
exporter.
importer.
issuer.
A collection, compared to a letter of credit, is usually:
A
B
C
D
91.
ACAS.
American Arbitration International Centre for Dispute Resolution.
ICCCA.
London Court of International Arbitration.
Typically, in a letter of credit, who is the beneficiary? The:
A
B
C
D
90.
continue with the transaction without resolving the differences.
go to the courts for redress.
ignore the situation and hope for the best.
take the dispute to arbitration.
Which of the following does not provide arbitration services for commercial disputes?
A
B
C
D
89.
in different countries.
the exporter's bank and the importer's bank respectively.
the importer's bank and the exporter's bank respectively.
the same bank.
If differences arise between parties to a contract and they cannot agree amongst themselves,
the next step should be to:
A
B
C
D
88.
a new contract to be created.
application to a court.
reference to arbitration.
the written consent of all parties to the original contract.
less expensive.
more expensive.
safer for the exporter.
safer for the shipper.
If an importing company cannot immediately clear goods from the port, it will incur which of the
following charges from the Port Authority?
A
B
C
D
Demurrage charges.
Insurance premiums.
Parking fines.
Search fees.
Page 14 of 18
Certificate in International Trade and Finance - Specimen paper
92.
Under ISP 98, a beneficiary:
A
B
C
D
93.
The Incoterms 'CIF' stand for:
A
B
C
D
94.
a shortage of cash for the beneficiary.
an economic recession.
non-payment by the principal.
the non-performance of the beneficiary.
A collection, compared to a letter of credit, does not provide:
A
B
C
D
98.
adequate insurance exists while the goods are in transit.
the exporter will pay on the due date.
the goods are of acceptable quality.
it will meet the obligations of the issuing bank.
A bond may be called upon due to:
A
B
C
D
97.
A cash deposit.
A chattels mortgage.
A debenture.
A loan postponement.
Why might a 'confirming bank' be used in a letter of credit? To confirm that:
A
B
C
D
96.
Carriage and Insurance to Frontier.
Carriage Insurance and Freight.
Cost and Insurance to Frontier.
Cost Insurance and Freight.
As security for an invoice discounting facility for a limited company, a bank would normally look
to take which of the following as security?
A
B
C
D
95.
is not authorised to request an amendment.
who requests an amendment is deemed to have agreed to it.
who requests an amendment must accept it in writing again once it has been amended.
who requests an amendment relinquishes all right under the standby credit to make any
subsequent claim.
a bank guarantee of payment.
a bank involved in the transaction.
eventual payment processed via the banking system.
universally accepted rules.
Which of the following would make factoring unacceptable?
A
B
C
D
25% of the ledger is to overseas debtors.
If the company is an exporter.
The customer only wishes to factor the invoices with bad credit risk.
The exporter requires a without recourse facility.
Page 15 of 18
Certificate in International Trade and Finance - Specimen paper
99.
A standby letter of credit requires a:
A
B
C
D
certificate issued by the beneficiary stating that the applicant had not made payment on
the due date.
certificate issued by the beneficiary stating that the goods have been received in good
order.
certificate of origin.
full set of clean on board bills of lading.
100. Typically, an insurance company would offer to provide protection against unfair calling of a
bond against:
A
B
C
D
a failure by the beneficiary to make a claim within the validity of the guarantee.
a failure by the principal to honour payment at maturity for the underlying contract.
a failure by the principal to perform under the contract.
the exporter's failure to perform because of political events.
Page 16 of 18
Certificate in International Trade and Finance - Specimen paper
Multiple-choice
Q. no
Answer
Syllabus Ref
1
2
3
4
D
A
B
C
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
C
C
D
C
D
D
A
D
A
C
15
B
16
B
17
18
19
20
A
C
A
D
21
22
23
24
25
B
D
D
C
D
26
A
27
A
28
29
30
31
A
A
D
B
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
B
B
D
A
A
D
C
39
40
41
C
C
C
42
43
B
D
44
45
46
A
D
C
Procedures involved in Trade Contracts
International trade products
Trade terms and Incoterms 2000
The nature of financial, commercial and transport documents used in
international trade
The principles of advanced payment and open account trading
Documentary collections in accordance with URC 522
Short-term trade finance
The non-payment risk covered by bank products
Bank guarantees
Procedures involved in Trade Contracts
International trade products
International trade products
Trade terms and Incoterms 2000
The nature of financial, commercial and transport documents used in
international trade
The nature of financial, commercial and transport documents used in
international trade
The nature of financial, commercial and transport documents used in
international trade
The principles of advanced payment and open account trading
Documentary collections in accordance with URC 522
Short-term trade finance
The nature of financial, commercial and transport documents used in
international trade
Bank guarantees
Procedures involved in Trade Contracts
International trade products
Trade terms and Incoterms 2000
The nature of financial, commercial and transport documents used in
international trade
The nature of financial, commercial and transport documents used in
international trade
The nature of financial, commercial and transport documents used in
international trade
International trade products
Trade terms and Incoterms 2000
Documentary collections in accordance with URC 522
The nature of financial, commercial and transport documents used in
international trade
The principles of advanced payment and open account trading
Short-term trade finance
Bank guarantees
Procedures involved in Trade Contracts
International trade products
Trade terms and Incoterms 2000
The nature of financial, commercial and transport documents used in
international trade
Documentary collections in accordance with URC 522
Short-term trade finance
The nature of financial, commercial and transport documents used in
international trade
Bank guarantees
The nature of financial, commercial and transport documents used in
international trade
Procedures involved in Trade Contracts
International trade products
The nature of financial, commercial and transport documents used in
Page 17 of 18
Certificate in International Trade and Finance - Specimen paper
47
48
B
C
49
50
51
A
D
A
52
53
54
55
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57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
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70
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80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
C
D
C
D
B
C
A
B
B
A
C
D
D
B
C
D
D
A
A
B
C
B
D
C
D
C
B
A
A
A
C
A
A
D
D
D
A
B
A
A
B
D
C
D
C
A
C
A
D
international trade
The principles of advanced payment and open account trading
The nature of financial, commercial and transport documents used in
international trade
Documentary collections in accordance with URC 522
Short-term trade finance
The nature of financial, commercial and transport documents used in
international trade
Bank guarantees
Procedures involved in Trade Contracts
International trade products
Trade terms and Incoterms 2000
The nature of documentary credits
International trade products
The nature of documentary credits
Bank guarantees
International trade products
The nature of documentary credits
International trade products
Procedures involved in Trade Contracts
Trade terms and Incoterms 2000
The nature of documentary credits
The nature of documentary credits
Documentary collections in accordance with URC 522
Short-term trade finance
Bank guarantees
International trade products
Procedures involved in Trade Contracts
Trade terms and Incoterms 2000
The nature of documentary credits
The principles of advanced payment and open account trading
Short-term trade finance
The non-payment risk covered by bank products
Bank guarantees
International trade products
Trade terms and Incoterms 2000
The nature of documentary credits
Documentary collections in accordance with URC 522
Short-term trade finance
The non-payment risk covered by bank products
The nature of documentary credits
Procedures involved in Trade Contracts
Documentary collections in accordance with URC 522
Procedures involved in Trade Contracts
International trade products
The nature of documentary credits
Documentary collections in accordance with URC 522
International trade products
The non-payment risk covered by bank products
Trade terms and Incoterms 2000
Short-term trade finance
The nature of documentary credits
Bank guarantees
Documentary collections in accordance with URC 522
Short-term trade finance
The non-payment risk covered by bank products
Bank guarantees
Page 18 of 18