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*# Chapter 2 ## Key points
Evolving viewpoints: How we got to today's management
• The two overeaching, perspectives on management are
(1) The historical perspective, which includes threeview
points Classical, behaviora!, and quantitive;
(2) The contemporary perspective, which includes three
Other view' points systems, contingency and
quality management.
Sux prach cal reasons for studying theoretical perspectives
that they provide
(1) Understanding of the present (2) A guide to action
(4) Clues to the meo
(3) # source of new ideas
meaning
of
(5) Clues to the meaning of
your managers
outside ideas
(6) Understanding, as to why certain management practices produce
positive outcome's
Peter Drucker First modern handbook on management
Classical Viewpoint: Scienti c and Administrative Management
The rst of the historical perspectives was the classical viewpoint,
more ef cient iy. It had two bránchés, scienti c management
and od ministrative manegement.
Sçienti c
management empasized the scenti c study
of work methods to improve productivity by individual
workers. It was pioneered by Fredrick W. Taylor, who
offered four principles of science that could be applied to
management, and Frank and Lillion Gilberth who re ned
motion studies.
Administrative management was concerned with managing
the total organizaten.
It's pioneers are : Charles Clinton spaulding "African Am... Manu
Henrı Fayo! "Major functions... plonmng organang
Enriching lies important as
Moy Weber 5 bureaucratic festibadiny's controlling
Classical view point was and is a rational approach, bout
it is too mechanistic
O
I nesterities
om
pratit
O
fi
Two pioneers :
Behavioral Viewpoint: Behaviorism, Human Relations, and
Behavioral Science
The second of historical perspectives, empasized the
importance to understanding human behavior.
It developed in three phases : (1) Early behaviorism
(2) The human relations movement
Early behaviorism
(3) The behavioral science approach
• Three pioneers : Hugo Munsterberg - Psychologists could
contribute to industry
Mary Parker Follett ovganizations should be
democratic
Elton Mayo Hawthrone effect ... workers were
Human Relations
more productive with attention
Abraham Maslow - hierachy of human needs
Y
Douglas Mcgregor - Theory x * Theory
Quantitiye viewpoints: Management Science and Operations
• Third historical perspective use of mothematics for problems
production and delivery of
products more ef ciently
F contemporary viewpoints. J
Systems Viewpoint:
Four part system in dudes: inputs, outputs, tronsformatona
procceses and feedback
o subsystems working towards a common goal
Systems can be opened or closed
Contingency Viewpoint:
Managers approach should be varied on individua) and enviorment
Aka Evidence-based management with rationality to desision
making proccess
ve ]
O
Quality - Management Viewpoint :
Quality control strategy for minimizing errors by managing each
step of production
Quality assurance urges zero defects
(TQM). Total Quality management is a comprehens ne approach
dedicated to continuos quality improvement, traing, and
coustumer satisfaction.
TQM has 4 components:
Make continous improvement
Get every employee involved
Listen and learn from coutumers and
employees
use accurate standards to elimmate
problems.
Learning Organzation:
• Three roles a manager must play: (1) Build a commitment to
learning
(2) Work to generale ideas
with impact
(3) Work to generalize
Ideas with impact.
Peter Drucker
First to write modern management handbook.
- His Ideas included : TA corporation can be thought as a
community
FEmployees should be treated as assets
Institutionalized management > chorasmatic cult
Without coustumers there is no buisness
Gary Hamel
- Busness management should be booked ot like a process
Improvement
can be made systematically
Evidence - based management:
Jettery Pretter and Robert Sutton
• Faung hard facts , rejecting nonsense
.
.
SMART BOOK PRACTICE
NOTES: