CDU CLASS OF 2024: PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 1 | 1 of 3 CEBU DOCTORS’ UNIVERSITY MEDICAL TERMINOLOGIES AND ABBREVIATIONS COLLEGE OF ALLIED MEDICAL SCIENCES BS MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY CLASS OF 2024 Compilation by: LIBUNAO, Mark Edisson A. References: Ms. Kristine Abegail Belicena Aninon, RMT Lecture 4 OUTLINE Introduction Spelling Guidelines Root Words Prefix Suffix Medical Terminologies Plural Form 11 Rules: Singular to Plural Abbreviations and Acronyms 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 INTRODUCTION 1. most med terms are derived from Greek and Latin 2. A medical term has three basic parts a. the root word: the main part of the medical term that denotes the meaning of the word b. the prefix: at the beginning c. the suffix: terminal portion or end Prefixes and suffixes are both kinds of affixes SPELLING GUIDELINES 1. If the suffix begins with a vowel, drop the combining vowel, and add the suffix. hepat- -itis hepatitis 2. If the suffix begins with a consonant, add the combining vowel (o) then add the suffix. Combining vowel: does not change the meaning of the root word; added to make the pronunciation of the word easier; added between the root word and the suffix. hepathematphleb- -megaly -logy -tomy hepatomegaly hematology phlebotomy ROOT WORDS colo phleb/o hemat/o aero cardi/o my/o arteri/o cyt/o arthr/o hepat/o py/o crani/o thromb/o pyr/o nephr/o oste/o colon vein blood air heart muscle artery cell joint liver pus skull clot fever kidney bone enter/o cephal/o dermat/o audi/o pulmon/o cholecyst/o rhin/o ot/o ophthalm/o intestine head skin hearing lung gall bladder nose ear eye PREFIX a-/anhyperhypopolyprepostisomicromacrointrapseudomononanoanaerohomocryooligoectoendointerintrabiretroautoparasubdysnecronormopathoperineo- without/absence increased/above decreased/below many before after same small large inside/within false one billionth without oxygen same/like cold few/scanty outside inside between/among inside two/both backward/behind self beside/near under/below difficulty, abnormal. painful death normal disease around new SUFFIX -megaly -uria -emia -itis -blast -cidal -poeisis -meter -sclerosis -pathy enlargement urine blood inflammation young killing formation measure hardening disease Compiled by: Libunao, Mark Edisson A. CDU CLASS OF 2024: PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 1 | 2 of 3 -penia -oma -tome -osis -cyte -ia deficiency tumor/growth/mass cutting instrument abnormal increase, disease cell disease, pathological, abnormal condition causing/creating study of/ science of destruction/separation state of/condition surgical puncture for aspiration surgical removal, incision, cutting into surgically create an opening surgical repair visual examination softening swallowing fear flow/discharge pain -genic -ology -lysis -sis -centesis -ectomy/-otomy -ostomy -plasty -scopy -malacia -phagia -phobia -rrhea -algia MEDICAL TERMINOLOGIES arthralgia mastalgia myalgia neuralgia leukopenia leukocytosis thrombocytopenia thrombocytosis aspermia oligospermia oliguria polyuria anuria glucosuria proteinuria bilirubinuria or biliuria (more general) bacteriuria neuroblastoma hypokalemia hyponatremia hypocalcemia hypoproteinemia gastroenterology joint pain breast pain muscle pain nerve pain low WBC count high WBC count low platelet count high platelet count absence of sperm in the semen low sperm count lesser urine output larger amounts of urine failure to produce urine glucose in the urine greater than normal amount of protein in the urine presence of bilirubin in the urine presence of bacteria in the urine tumor involving immature nerve cells too low potassium levels in the blood too high potassium levels in the blood too low calcium levels in the blood plasma too low protein levels in the blood study of the digestive system and its disorders Word Ends In -a -ax -ex, ix -is -ma -nx -on -us -um -y Change ae aces -ices -es -mata -nges -a -i -a -ies bacteria nuclei thrombi bacilli ova spermatozoa Singular Plural vertebra thorax appendix diagnosis sarcoma phalanges criterion bronchus bacterium therapy vertebrae thoraces appendices diagnoses sarcomata phalanges criteria bronchi bacteria therapies 11 RULES: SINGULAR TO PLURAL RULE #1: Words Ending in -a. When the singular form of the word ends with -a, keep the -a and add an -e. Axilla A pyramid-shaped space forming the underside of the shoulder. Axillae RULE #2: Words Ending in -ax. When the singular form of the word ends with -ax, drop the -x and add -ces. Thorax The upper part of the trunk that contains the rib cage, lungs some of the abdominal organs. Thoraces RULE #3: Words Ending in -ex. When the singular form of the word ends with -ex, drop the -ex and add -ices. Vortex A whirlpool effect caused by a spinning mass of fluid. Vortices RULE #4: Words ending in -is. When the singular form of the word ends with -is, drop the -is and add -es Metastasis When a tumor cell moves from the primary location and establishes a remote location. Metastases RULE #5: Word Ending in -ix. PLURAL FORM SINGULAR bacterium nucleus thrombus bacillus ovum spermatozoon PLURAL When the singular form of the word ends with -ix, drop the -x and add -ces. Compiled by: Libunao, Mark Edisson A. CDU CLASS OF 2024: PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 1 | 3 of 3 Cervix The part of the uterus that protrudes into the vagina. Cervices RULE #6: Words ending in -ma. When the singular form of the word ends with -ma, keep the -ma and add -ta. Sarcoma A malignant neoplasm of the soft tissue. Sarcomata Fibroma Benign neoplasm made of connective tissue. Fibromata RULE #7: Words ending with -on. When a singular form of the word ends with -on, drop the -on and add -a. Ganglion A knot-like mass of nervous tissue. Ganglia RULE #8: Words ending with -us. When a singular form of the word ends with -us, drop the us and add -i. Thrombus An aggregation of platelets, fibrin, and clotting factors. It is also known as a blood clot. Thrombi FBS IV HIV IU ICU NPO BAP WHO OSHA TAT MSDS EDTA FOBT CLSI CSF POCT LPO/LPF HPO/HPF C&S DM DI K Na Fasting Blood Sugar Intravenous Human Immunedeficiency Virus International Unit Intensive Care Unit Nothing Per Orem /Nothing by Mouth Blood Agar Plate World Health Organization Occupational Safety and Health Administration Turn Around Time Material Safety Data Sheet Ethylene Diamine Tetra-Acetic Acid Fecal Occult Blood Test Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Cerebrospinal Fluid Point-Of-Care Testing Culture and Sensitivity Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Insipidus Potassium Sodium RULE #9: Words ending with -um. When a singular form of the word ends with -um, drop the -um and add -a. Bacterium A unicellular microorganism. Bacteria RULE #10: Words ending with -y. When a singular form of the word ends with -y, drop the -y and add -ies. Therapy The treatment of a disease or condition. Therapies RULE #11: Words ending with -x. When a singular form of the word ends with -x, drop the -x and add -ges. Larynx The organ of voice. Larynges ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS DOH CHED VDRL AIDS AIDs AMI BUN 2PPBS AFS PCQACL Department of Health Commission on Higher Education Venereal Disease Research Laboratories Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Autoimmune Diseases/Disorders Acute Myocardial Infarction Blood Urea Nitrogen 2hr Post Prandial Blood Sugar Acid Fast Stain Philippine Council for Quality Assurance In The Clinical Laboratories Compiled by: Libunao, Mark Edisson A.