Presented by:
Allan M.
Dimaculangan
MAED EM
19-54175
Communication
and Information
Technology
Management
Learning Objectives
Differentiate between data and
information, list the attributes of
useful information, and describe
three reasons why managers must
have access to information to perform
their tasks and roles effectively
LO13-2 Explain why effective communicationthe sharing of information-helps an
organization gain a competitive
advantage
and
describe
the
communication process
LO13-1
Learning Objectives
LO13-3
Define
information
richness, and describe the
information richness of
communication
media
available to managers
LO13-4 Differentiate among four
kinds of management
information systems
Information and the Manager’s Job
• Data
–Raw,
unsummarized
, and
unanalyzed
facts.
• Information
–Data that is
organized in a
meaningful
fashion
Factors Affecting the Usefulness
of Information
Figure 13.1
Attributes of Useful Information
Attributes
Quality
The accuracy and
reliability of available
information affects the
quality of decisions
that managers make
using the information.
Timelessness The availability of realtime information that
reflects current
conditions allows
managers to maximize
the effectiveness of
their decisions.
Attributes of Useful Information
Attributes
Completeness Complete information
allows managers to
consider all relevant
factors when making
decisions.
Relevance
Having information
specific to a situation
assists managers in
making better
decisions.
Question?
What type of information system do
managers plan and design to
provide themselves with the specific
information they need?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Decision Support System
Management Information System
Employee Decision Matrix
Management Support System
Information Systems and Technology
• Information Technology
– The set of methods or techniques for
acquiring, organizing, storing,
manipulating, and transmitting
information
• Management Information System
– A specific form of IT that managers utilize
to generate the specific, detailed
information they need to perform their
roles effectively.
Information and Decisions
• Most of management is
about making decisions
• To make effective
decisions, managers need
information, both from
inside and outside the
organization
Communication, Information
and Management
• Communication
– The sharing of information
between two or more
individuals or groups to reach a
common understanding.
Importance of Good
Communication
• Increased efficiency in new
technologies and skills
• Improved quality of products and
services
• Increased responsiveness to
customers
• More innovation through
communication
The Communication Process
• Transmission phase
– information is shared by
two or more people
• Feedback phase
– a common
understanding is assured
The Communication Process
Figure 13.2
Discussion Question
Which part of the communication
process is most important?
A. Sender
B. Message
C. Encoding
D. Decoding
E. Feedback
The Communication Process
• Sender
– person or group wishing to share information
• Message
– information that a sender wants to share
• Encoding
– translating a message into understandable
symbols or language
• Noise
– anything that hampers any stage of the
communication process
The Communication Process
• Receiver
– person or group for which a message is
intended
• Medium
– pathway through which an encoded
message is transmitted to a receiver
• Decoding
– interpreting and trying to make sense
of a message
Verbal & Nonverbal Communication
• Verbal
Communication
– The encoding of
messages into words,
either written or spoken
• Nonverbal
Communication
– The encoding of
messages by means of
facial expressions, body
language, and styles of
dress.
Information Richness and
Communication Media
Managers and their subordinates can
become effective communicators by:
• Selecting an appropriate medium for
each message—there is no one “best”
medium.
• Considering information richness
– A medium with high richness can carry
much more information to aid
understanding.
Information Richness
• Information Richness
–The amount of information
that a communication medium
can carry and the extent to
which the medium enables the
sender and receiver to reach a
common understanding
The Information Richness of
Communication Media
Figure 13.3
Communication Media
• Face-to-Face communication
–Has highest information
richness
–Can take advantage of verbal
and nonverbal signals
–Provides for instant feedback
Face-to-Face Communication
• Management by Wandering Around
– Face-to-face communication technique in
which a manager walks around a work
area and talks informally with employees
about issues and concerns
Communication Media
• Spoken Communication Electronically
Transmitted
– Has the second highest information
richness.
– Telephone conversations are information
rich with tone of voice, sender’s
emphasis, and quick feedback, but
provide no visual nonverbal cues.
Communication Media
• Personally Addressed Written
Communication
– Has a lower richness than the verbal
forms of communication, but still is
directed at a given person.
– Excellent media for complex messages
requesting follow-up actions by
receiver
Communication Media
• Impersonal Written Communication
– Has the lowest information richness.
– Good for messages to many receivers
where little or feedback is expected
(e.g., newsletters, reports)
Information Overload
• Information Overload
–A superabundance of
information that increases the
likelihood that important
information is ignored or
overlooked and tangential
information receives attention
IT and the Product Life Cycle
• Product life cycle
– The way demand for a product changes in a
predictable pattern over time.
Figure 13.4
The Network of Computing Power
• The typical organization-wide
computing network is a four-tier
network solution that consists of
“external” mobile computing devices
such as netbooks, smartphones, and
tablet computers, connected to
desktops and laptops, and then through
“internal” rack servers to a company’s
mainframe
A Four-Tier Information System
with Cloud Computing
Figure 13.5
The Network of Computing Power
• Cloud computing offers outsourced,
pay-as-you-go, on-demand Internet
software capabilities to companies
for a fee.
• A major concern of users is
information reliability and security
Software Developments
• Operating system software
–software that tells computer
hardware how to run
• Applications software
–software designed for a
specific task or use
The Organizational Hierarchy
Traditionally, managers have
used the organizational
hierarchy as the main system
for gathering information
necessary to make decisions
and coordinate and control
activities
The Organizational Hierarchy
Drawbacks
• Can reduce timeliness of
information
• Information can be distorted
• Tall structure can make for an
expensive information system
Four Computer-Based Management
Information Systems
Figure 13.6
The Organizational Hierarchy
• Information
distortion
– changes in meaning
that occur as
information passes
through a series of
senders and
receivers
Types of Information Systems
• Transaction Processing
Systems
– Systems designed to handle
large volumes of routine
transactions.
– First computer-based
information systems handling
billing, payroll, and supplier
payments.
Types of Information Systems
• Operations Information Systems
– Systems that gather, organize, and
summarize comprehensive data in
a form of value to managers.
– Can help managers with nonroutine decisions such as customer
service and productivity.
Types of Information Systems
• Decision Support Systems
– An interactive computer-based
management information system with
model-building capability that managers
can use when they must make nonroutine decisions
Types of Information Systems
• Expert Systems and Artificial
Intelligence
– Employ human knowledge captured
in a computer to solve problems that
ordinarily require human expertise.
– Uses artificial Intelligence to
recognize, formulate, solve problems,
and learn from experience.
Analysis of ICT usage for the
Teaching and Learning Process by
the Academics Article · September
2015
Chathurika Tharanganee Herath
University of Sri Jayewardenepura
2 PUBLICATIONS 2 CITATIONS
#Sharekolang
• ARTICLES, ICT
• ICT INTEGRATION – A
BREAKTHROUGH IN TEACHING
https://www.depedmalaybalay.net
/ict/ict-integration-abreakthrough-in-teaching.html
#Sharekolang
-TeachingtheK12StandardswithICTforGlobalCompetit
iveness_MikeRapatan.pdf
https://www.deped.gov.ph/wpcontent/uploads/2018/07/01TeachingtheK12StandardswithICTforGlobalCom
petitiveness_MikeRapatan.pdf
https://www.google.com/search?q=biometrics+in+school&sxsrf=ALeKk03Me3scZ1o_mC78xaGxxtWxq52iQ:1587976948415&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjRsKPm4jpAhXBfXAKHdNYCvkQ_AUoAXoECA0QAw&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=xvRDeHA7AMv0fM
https://www.google.com/search?q=biometrics+with+teachers+in+deped&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjR1YGR
m4jpAhWOAaYKHbZFCkgQ2cCegQIABAA&oq=biometrics+with+teachers+in+deped&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzoCCAA6BAgAEBg6BAgjECc6Bg
gAEAgQHjoGCAAQBRAeUJTCliZvwtgxMELaABwAHgAgAHFAYgBzSmSAQQwLjMxmAEAoAEBqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWc&sclient=img&ei=95q
mXpH-M46DmAW2i6nABA&bih=657&biw=1366#imgrc=gPFSF3YM6wlO4M
https://www.google.com/search?q=evolution+of+technology&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiJhJ-xnIjpAhX2wIsBHZrADaIQ2cCegQIABAA&oq=evolution+of+technology&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAA6BQgAEI
MBOgQIABBDUPnFAVjK7AFgO4BaAFwAHgAgAHaAYgBwyKSAQYwLjIwLjSYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZw&sclient=img&ei=R5ymXsnENfaBr7wPmoG3kAo&bih=657&bi
w=1366#imgrc=MFVZJ40ogY9k1M
THANK YOU
Please take a “sweet”
reminder of the importance
of information
communication technology!
REFERENCES
• https://www.researchg
ate.net/publication/282
202528
• https://www.deped.gov.ph/wpcontent/uploads/2018/07/01TeachingtheK12StandardswithICTforGlobalCom
petitiveness_MikeRapatan.pdf
• https://www.techopedi
a.com/definition/24152
/information-andcommunicationstechnology-ict
• https://www.depedmalayba
lay.net/ict/ict-integration-abreakthrough-inteaching.html