Microscopy exam
1. The urine specimen for cytological studies is: random specimen.
2. Which specimen eliminates contamination of urine: midstream clean catch?
3. Substances that show diurnal variation in their urinary excretion are the best:
timed collection.
4. A woman complains of painful urination and suspected urinary tract
infection the best specimen is: midstream clean catch.
5. A diabetic woman has renal insufficient the best specimen is: 2-hours
postprandial.
6. The substance change with long time is: glucose and ketones are decreases.
7. Why do bilirubin, glucose, ketones and urobilinogen decrease with time:
because the presence of bacteria.
8. PH increase and protein don’t change.
9. The most common form of urine preservation method: refrigeration.
10.in refrigeration of urine that occur: amorphous crystal may precipitate
11.Urine PH not changes with: water.
12.The two indicator use in urine pH determination: methyl red and
bromothymol blue.
13.In bright microscope which lens produces the primary image magnification:
Objective lens.
14.Microscope has 10 x magnification eyepieces&100 x objectives what's the
total magnification: 1000X.
15.select the numerical aperture "N.A" that has ability to distinguish the
smallest distance between 2 distinct points "the greatest resolving power:
1.25
16.The N.A of lens can be increased by: Increasing the refractive index of
optical medium.
17.Which parameter will increase with increase in N.A of objective lens:
Magnification & resolution?
18.Produces primary image magnification=objective lens.
19.Produces secondary image magnification: eyepiece.
20.Moves the specimen for viewing: stage.
21.optimally focuses light on to the specimen: condenser
22.Control the angle of light presented to specimen: aperture diaphragm.
23.control the diameter of light rays that strike the specimen: field diaphragm
24.Which of the following should be adjusted to decrease the illumination light
or field brightness: Light source?
25.Which lens characteristic is described as ability to keep specimen image in
focus regardless which objective lenses is used: Parfocal.
26.To achieve maximal image magnification & resolution: the condenser
numerical aperture must be equal or greater than the objective numerical
aperture.
27.Microscope lenses may be cleaned or polished using: lens paper.
28.when viewing focused specimen in the microscope the user sees a speck in
the field of view it remain in view when the objective is changed and when
specimen is moved the speck is most likely located on the: eyepiece.
29.Which type of microscope convert differences in R.I in to variation in light
intensity to obtain the specimen image: phase contrast microscope?
30.A birefringent substance is one that: refracts light in 2 different directions.
31.Which type of microscope is able to produce 3D image and perform optical
sectioning: interference contrast microscope.
32.The principle of fluorescence microscope: the absorption of light and its
subsequent emission at a longer wavelength.
33.Which type of microscope use special condenser to direct light on to the
specimen from oblique angle only: dark field microscope?
34.Is the preferred technique for identification of spirochetes: dark field?
35.Is often used for visualization of Ag-Ab and viruses: fluorescence.
36.Enable 3D viewing of unstained, low retractile specimen: interference
contrast.
37.Is used to identify negative and positive birefringence: polarizing.
38.produce less haloing with thin flat specimen: phase contrast microscope
39.Bilirubin: yellow, orange.
40.Biliverdin: green.
41.Hemoglobin: red, brown.
42.Myoglobin: brown, red.
43.Urobilin: orange, brown.
44.Urobilinogen: colorless.
45.Urochrome: yellow
46.Urine that produces a large amount of white foam when mixed should be
suspected to contain increased amount of: protein.
47.Which of the following substances will change the color of both urine and
foam: bilirubin.
48.the clarity of well mixed urine specimen that has visible particulate matter
and through which newsprint can be seen but not read should be described
as: cloudy.
49.Small ion and large molecule have the same effect when determining urine
concentration by the: osmolality method.
50.presence of these substance is pathogenic (P) or not (N):
A. Bacteria (fresh urine): P.
B. Bacteria (old urine): N.
C. RBC: P.
D. Renal epithelial cell: P.
E. Spermatozoa: N.
F. Sequamos epithelial cell: N.
G. Urate: N.
H. WBC: P.
I. Yeast: P.
51.urine odor with substance or condition:
A. Diabetes mellitus: sweet.
B. Normal: faintly aromatic.
C. Old, improperly stored urine: ammonia like.
D. Specimen adulteration: ammonia, bleach.
E. Starvation: a wet fruity.
F. Urinary tract infection: ammonia pungent fetid.
52.How to evaluate urine color, clarity and consistency: mix well, use same
depth or volume of specimens and evaluate the specimens at the same temp.
53.What criteria dose normal urine specimen has: clear yellow urine.
54.White participates in normal alkaline urine is most likely caused by:
amorphous phosphate.
55.How you detect the presence of urinary protein and glucose: by the reagent
strip method.
56.Which of the following specific gravity values is physiological impossible:
1.000.
57.Which of the following methods is an indirect measure of specific gravity:
refractometer.
58.The refractive index of a solution is affected by: wave length of light used,
size and number of solute present, concentration of solution, and
temperature of solution.
59.Refractometer is preferred for specific gravity measurement because: use
small amount of sample, fast and easy to perform, automatically
compensates for temp.
60.The principle of the reagent strip method for measuring S.G is based on: the
pka of a polyelectrolyte decreasing in proportional to the ionic concentration
of specimen.
61.Why the S.G measurement using reagent strip provides useful clinical
information: because the kidneys ability to concentrate urine is reflected in
the reabsorption and secretion of ionic solutes.
62.Which of the following will not influence the volume of urine produced:
carbohydrate ingestion.
63.Dipping the reagent strip into the urine for too long: is source of error result
when using reagent strip.
64.To preserve the integrity of strip: stored in a tightly capped container.
65.Patient with chronic renal disease can no longer urinate concentrated urine
have a specific gravity: 1.010.
66.Seminal fluid analysis performed o evaluated: post vasectomy status.
67. A seminal fluid pH greater than 7.8 is associated with: infection of male
reproductive tract.
68.Immature spermatozoa are difficult to distinguish from: leukocyte.
69.Acid phosphatase identified positive in: seminal fluid.
70.Wave length visible to naked eye: 400-700 nm.
71.The diluent of WBCs: 3% glacial acetic acid.
72.Normal WBC in CSF: 0-5.
73.The diluent of platelets: 1% ammonium oxalate.
74.when using a 10x eyepiece and a 10x objective of a bright field microscope,
the total magnification will be:
A. 10.
B. 100.
C. 1000.
D. 10000.
75.urinary pH may range from as:
A. Low as 2.5 to as high as 7.0.
B. Low as 4.5 to as high as 8.0.
C. Low as 6.5 to as high as 7.4.
D. Low as 6 to as high as 7.0.
76.the oil emersion lens have:
A. 10.
B. 40.
C. 100.
77.in the microscope when using objective lens 40X & eyepiece 15X thee
magnification power of the microscope is:
A. 100.
B. 1200.
C. 600.