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Patho wk 1 Ch. 1 Intro to Patho Aug 23 2019.pdf (1)

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CH I
INTRODUCTION to PATHOPHYSIOLOG
Pathophysiology Studyofdiseaseprocess
HFRAMEWORK forp.ATIOPHYflOLOGY
Basedon common or Classic
4
know
must
Etiology Pathogenesisclinicalmanifestationstreatmentimplications
ofdisease inthepysiologic functioning ofhumanbeings
presentation
Interrelated topics inpathophysiology
Etiology knowncauselmeasurable
Studyofcausesreasonsforphenomena
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Identifiescausalfactors acting in concertthatprovoke a particulardisease or injury
CLASSIFICATIONS
Idiopathic causeis unknown
o Iatrogenic causeresultsfromunintended orunwantedmedicaltreatment exsideartectfrommeds
ex strepthroat knowncause
Hypertension Unknowncause somanypossiblefactors
RiskFactor Afactorthatwhenpresentincreasesthelikelihoodof disease
5 MODIFIABLERISKFACTORS
NONMODIFIABLE RISKFACTORS
Hygiene
Gender
Familyhistory
diet
exercise
Pathogenesis
Smoking
alcohol
Age
Ethnicityrace
ofdisease frominitialstimulustoultimateexpressionof
Development orevolution
ofdisease
Descriptionofhow
thoughttoalterphysiologicfunction4leadtothedevelopment
etiologicfactorsare
disease
ofclinicalmanifestationsthatareobserved in aparticulardisorder
manifestations
Clinical Manifestations
is
thepatientisstating
Symptoms Subjectivefeelingofabnormality inthebody what
observed
manifestation
what
youobserve measurable
ofdisease
Signs objective or
Syndrome etiologysigns symtomshasnot
yetbeendetermined ex AIDS
4
Th
Stages4Clinicalcourse
Latentperiod timebetweenexposure oftissueto injuriousagentdeistappearanceofsigns
incubation
41or symptoms
sh
alsorefersto a periodduringanillnesswhensignsIsymiomstemporarilybecome
mildorsilent
ProdromalPeriod timeduringwhich1stsigns Iorsymptomsappearoronsetofdiseaseoccurs
SubclinicalStages patientfunctionsnormally diseaseprocessesarewellestablished managed
condition
manifestation
Short
progressesveryfast
Acuteclinicalcourse
livedmayhavesevere
AcutePhase disease illnessreachesits fullintensity
ChronicClinicalCourse maylastmonthstoyears sometimes an acutecourse
Chronicphase longer1slowprogressionofillness1disease
0 Exacerbation increase inseverity signs orsymptoms
complete
Remission decrease in severitysigns orsymptoms mayindicatedisease iscured
remission
cancer
free
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Convalescence Stageofrecoveryafter a disease
injury or surgical procedure
A 0 Sequela subsequentpathologicconditionresultingfromanacuteillness ex sepsis
chronic
g
TreatmentImplications
4
1
diseaseillness
Understandingtheetiology pathogenesis clinicalconsequences ofaparticulardisorder
determinewhich
treatmentscouldbehelpful
may
Mostpathobooksfocusongeneraltreatmentimplicationsratherthanspecific
HCONCEPTSOFNORMALTYINHEALTH4DISEASEITI
StatiscalNormality estimateofdiseasein anormalpopulationbasedon abellshapedcurve
testsabilitytogivethesameresultsinrepeated measurements
Validity degreetowhich a measurementreflectsthe
truevalueofwhat it intendstomeasure
differentiate
betweenpresenceorabsenceofa person'scondition
which
Predictivevalue extentto
atestcan
Sensitivity probabilitythatatestwillbepositivewhenappliedtoapersonw aparticularcondition
Specificity probabilitythatatestwillbenegativewhenappliedto aperson w o aparticularcondition
Rehabilitation
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IndividualFactors
Culturalconsiderations
eachculturedefineshealth4illness in amannerthatreflectstheir
experience
Age4BiologicFactorsLinked a normalvaluefora person oneagemaynotbenormalfor
a person
Genderdifference
another age
anormalvalueformenmaynotbenormalfora woman9viceversarelevantinbothhealth4disease
normalshould
Situationaldifferences determinewhether a derivationfrom
beconsideredabnormaloranadaptationmechanism
ex climate elevation
Timevariations mayimpact
how
thebodyrespondsfromdaytonight or
ex
varyingtimes
circadianry
them ordiurnalvariations
aFACTORAFFECTINGPATTERNSofDISEASEDISTRIBUTION
CONCEPTSof EPIDEMIOLOGY
Epidemiology
Studyofthepatternsofdiseaseinvolvingpopulations
examining
theoccurrenceincidenceprevalencetransmittion
is
Types
largegroupofpopulationpeople
9distributionofdiseasein
sh
Th
EndemicDisease nativeto a localregion
EpidemicDisease Spreadtomanypeople thesame
time ex Foodpoisoning
0 PandemicDisease Spreadtolargegeographicareas ex FM AIDS
AggregateFactorsofEpidemiologicvariables
Age
Ethnicgroup
Gender
Socioeconomicfactorslifestyle considerations
Geograpiclocation
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Levels of prevention
Primary alteringsusceptibility reducingexposurefor susceptibleperson
ex patienteducation immunizations
Secondary
ex
OT PT social work
is
sh
Th
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4restoringectectivefunctioningfollowingdisease
specialty etc
rehabilitationsupportivecare reducingdisability
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Tertiary
earlydetection screening 9 management ofdisease
ex Annualphysical preventablecare1screening
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