Cell culture is the process by which cells are
grown under controlled conditions, generally
outside of their natural environment.
ADVANTAGES :
 Development of cell line over many generations.
 Scale-up is possible.
DISADVANTAGES :
 Cells may loose some differentiated
characteristics.
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"Animal cell culture can be described as in
vitro maintenance and propagation of
animal cells using a suitable nutrient
medium. Culturing is a process of growing
animal cells artificially. The most important
and essential step in animal cell culture is
selecting appropriate growth medium for
invitro cultivation..."
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MONOLAYER CELLS/ ADHERENT
CELLS .
SUSPENSION CELLS .
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Also called ADHERENT OR ANCHORAGE DEPENDENT CELLS.
They grow adhering to the cell culture.
They need a substrate for attachment.
Substrate needs to be CHARGED it will promote cell to cell
interactions.
Charge can be provided by :
ELECTRIC ION DISCHARGER.
GAMMA IRRADIATIONS.
COATING WITH DIVALENT CATION.
Growth is controlled by CONTACT INHIBITION.
The Adherent cells are usually derived from tissues of organs
such as kidney where they are immobile and embedded in
connective tissue.
All the VERTEBRATE CELLS are anchorage dependent.
Also known as ANCHORAGE INDEPENDENT
CELLS.
 These cells do not requires substrate for
attachment.
 Do not attach to the surface of the culture vessels.
 Growth is controlled by DENSITY LIMITATION.
 All suspension cultures are derived from cells of the
blood system because these cells are also suspended
in plasma in vitro e.g. lymphocytes.
 Continues cell lines (cancer cells) are anchorage
independent.
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( MONOLAYER CELLS )
( SUSPENSION CELLS )
1) These cells first attaches to the
substrate only then they grow.
1) These cells do not requires
substrate for attachment.
2) These cells needs a charged
substrate.
2) They do not requires a charged
substrate.
3) Growth is controlled by contact 3) Growth is controlled by density
inhibition.
limitation.
4) Cells are dissociated
enzymatically or mechanically.
4) Does not require enzymatic or
mechanical dissociation.
5) Requires tissue-culture treated
vessel.
5) Can be maintained in culture
vessels that are not tissue-culture
treated, but requires agitation for
adequate gas exchange.
6) Used for cytology, harvesting
6) Used for bulk protein
products continuously, and many production, batch harvesting, and
research applications.
many research applications.
7)All vertebrate cell lines are
anchorage dependent.
7) Continues cell lines are
anchorage independent.
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Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under
controlled conditions, generally outside their natural
environment. After the cells of interest have been isolated from
living tissue, they can subsequently be maintained under
carefully controlled conditions. These conditions vary for each
cell type, but generally consist of a suitable vessel with a
substrate or medium that supplies the essential nutrients (amino
acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals), growth
factors, hormones, and gases (CO2, O2), and regulates the
physio-chemical environment (pH buffer, osmotic
pressure, temperature). Most cells require a surface or an
artificial substrate (adherent or monolayer culture) whereas
others can be grown free floating in culture medium (suspension
culture). The lifespan of most cells is genetically determined, but
some cell culturing cells have been “transformed” into immortal
cells which will reproduce indefinitely if the optimal conditions
are provided.