Solution Chemistry
Solutions
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Made up of solvent and solute
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Solvent- The substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution
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Typically the most plentiful substance in the solution
Solute- One or more substances dissolved in a solution
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Solvation
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The process of dissolving a solute using a solvent
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Soluble
Solute and solvent must expand to be able to mix
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Some solutes can’t expand thus do not dissolve solvent (Insoluble)
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0cPFx0wFuVs
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Solubility
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The max amount of solute that dissolves in a given amount of solvent at a specific
temperature.
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Things that affect solubility
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Temperature (must be given data)
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Type of solute and solvent
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Pressure (gases in a solution)
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Types of Solutions
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Unsaturated- Solution dissolved less solute for a given temperature and pressure
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More solute can be dissolved
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Saturated- Contains max amount of dissolved solute
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Supersaturated- Contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution at the same
temperature.
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Unstable- when agitated will form crystals
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Precipitate
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A solid produced during a chemical reactions
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The solid cannot dissolve (Insoluble)
Solubility Curves
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Looks at the saturation in grams of
different solutes at different
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temperatures
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100 grams of Solvent
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Typically H2O
Determines if a solution is Unsat, Sat,
or Supersat.
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Below the line
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On the line
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Above the line
Concentration
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Show how much solute is in a specific amount of solvent or
solution
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Molarity (M)
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Number of moles of solute dissolved per liter of solution
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Molar concentration
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Example
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0.60 moles of KNO3 is dissolved in 300 milliliters of solution,
what is the molarity?
Example
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18 grams of HCl is dissolved to make 0.500 liters of solution.
What is the molarity?
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If you have 0.50 liter of a 1.00 M solution of NaCl, how many
grams of NaCl are needed?
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