Worksheet
Chapter 1
1. Identify each of the following statements as being most similar to a hypothesis, a law, or a
theory. Explain your reasoning.
(a) The pressure of a sample of gas is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas.
Law: it is the Temperature-Volume Law. It is a consistently observed phenomenon.
(b) Matter consists of tiny particles that can combine in specific ratios to form substances with
specific properties.
Theory: theory of matter atoms and elements is widely accepted by the science community. It is
consistent compared to a law.
(c) At a higher temperature, solids (such as salt or sugar) will dissolve better in water.
Hypothesis: it is a prediction of the outcome of an experiment. It can be tested experimentally.
2. Classify each of the following as an element, a compound, or a mixture:
(a) iron
Element
(b) oxygen
Element
(c) mercury oxide
Compound
(d) pancake syrup
Mixture
(e) carbon dioxide
Compound
(f) a substance composed of molecules each of which contains one hydrogen atom and one
chlorine atom
Compound
(g) baking soda
Compound
(h) baking powder
Mixture
3. Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical:
(a) coal burning
Chemical
(b) ice melting
Physical
(c) mixing chocolate syrup with milk
Physical
(d) explosion of a firecracker
Chemical
(e) magnetizing of a screwdriver
Physical
4. The volume of a sample of oxygen gas changed from 10 mL to 11 mL as the temperature
changed. Is this a chemical or physical change?
Physical change
5. Explain the difference between extensive properties and intensive properties.
An extensive property depends on the amount of matter while an intensive property depends on
the type of matter.
6. Identify the following properties as either extensive or intensive.
(a) volume
Extensive
(b) temperature
Intensive
(c) humidity
Extensive
(d) heat
Extensive
(e) boiling point
Intensive
7. The density (d) of a substance is an intensive property that is defined as the ratio of its mass
(m) to its volume (V).
mass
m
density =
d =
volume
V
Considering that mass and volume are both extensive properties, explain why their ratio, density,
is intensive.
Dividing one extensive property by another will cancel the properties dependence on the amount
of matter which results in density being dependent of the amount, which is the intensive
property.
8. Indicate the SI base units or derived units that are appropriate for the following measurements:
(a) the mass of the moon
Kilogram
(b) the distance from Dallas to Oklahoma City
Meter
(c) the speed of sound
Meters per second
(d) the density of air
Kilogram per cubic meter
(e) the temperature at which alcohol boils
Square meters
(f) the area of the state of Delaware
Cubic meters
(g) the volume of a flu shot or a measles vaccination
Mililiters
9. Give the name of the prefix and the quantity indicated by the following symbols that are used
with SI base units.
(a) c
centi (10-2)
(b) d
deci (10-1)
(c) G
giga (109)
(d) k
kilo (103)
(e) m
milli (10-3)
(f) n
nano (10-9)
(g) p
pico (10-12)
(h) T
Tera (1012)
10. Express each of the following numbers in scientific notation with correct significant figures:
(a) 711.0 -> 7.110 x 102
(b) 0.239 –> 2.39 x 10-1
(c) 90743 -> 9.0743 x 104
(d) 134.2 -> 1.342 x 102
(e) 0.05499 -> 5.499 x 10-2
(f) 10000.0 ->1.00000 x 104
(g) 0.000000738592 -> 7.38593 x 10-7
11. Indicate whether each of the following can be determined exactly or must be measured with
some degree of uncertainty:
(a) the number of seconds in an hour = measured exactly
(b) the number of pages in this book = measured exactly
(c) the number of grams in your weight = measured with uncertainty
(d) the number of grams in 3 kilograms= measured exactly
(e) the volume of water you drink in one day = measured with uncertainty
(f) the distance from San Francisco to Kansas City = measured with uncertainty
12. The following quantities were reported on the labels of commercial products. Determine the
number of significant figures in each.
(a) 0.0055 g active ingredients = 2
(b) 12 tablets = 2
(c) 3% hydrogen peroxide = 1
(d) 5.5 ounces = 2
(e) 473 mL = 3
(f) 1.75% bismuth = 3
(g) 0.001% phosphoric acid = 1
(h) 99.80% inert ingredients = 4
13. Round off each of the following numbers to two significant figures:
(a) 517 -> 5.2 x 102
(b) 86.3 -> 8.6 x 101
(c) 6.382 -> 6.4 x 103
(d) 5.0008 -> 5.0 x 104
(e) 22.497 -> 2.3 x 104
(f) 0.885 -> 8.9 x 10-1
14. Perform the following calculations and report each answer with the correct number of
significant figures.
(a) 62.8  34 = 2.1 x 103
(b) 0.147 + 0.0066 + 0.012 = 0.166
(c) 38  95  1.792 = 6500
(d) 15 – 0.15 – 0.6155 = 14
 0.0500 
(e) 8.78  
 = 0.918
 0.478 
(f) 140 + 7.68 + 0.014 = 148
(g) 28.7 – 0.0483 = 28.7
(88.5 − 87.57)
(h)
= 0.02
45.13
15. Consider the results of the archery contest shown in this figure.
(a) Which archer is most precise?
Archer X
(b) Which archer is most accurate?
Archer W
(c) Who is both least precise and least accurate?
Archer Y
16. Complete the following conversions between SI units.
(a) 612 g = 612000 mg
(b) 8.160 m = 816 cm
(c) 3779 μg = 3.779 x 10-7 g
(d) 781 mL = 0.781L
(e) 4.18 kg = 4180g
(f) 27.8 m = 0.0278km
(g) 0.13 mL = 1.3 x 10-4 L
(h) 1738 km = 1738000m
(i) 1.9 Gg = 1900000000 g
17. Make the conversion indicated in each of the following:
(a) the length of a soccer field, 120 m (three significant figures), to feet
1m = 3.28084 feet
120m = 120 x 3.3 feet = 396 feet
(b) the height of Mt. Kilimanjaro, at 19,565 ft the highest mountain in Africa, to kilometers
1 feet = 0.0003048 km
19,565 feet=19,565 x 0.0003048 km = 5.963412 km
(c) the area of an 8.5  11-inch sheet of paper in cm2
Area of the sheet = 8.5 inches x 11 inches = 93.5 inches2
1 inch=2.54 cm
93.5 inches2 = 93.5 x (2.54)2cm2 = 603.2246 cm2
(d) the displacement volume of an automobile engine, 161 in. 3, to liters
1 inch3 = 0.0163871L
161inches3 = 161 x 0.0163871L = 2.63832L
(e) the estimated mass of the atmosphere, 5.6  1015 tons, to kilograms
1 ton = 907.185 kg
5.6 x 105tons = 5.6 x 1015 x 907.185kg
=5.08023 x 1018kg
(f) the mass of a bushel of rye, 32.0 lb, to kilograms’
1 lb = 0.453592 kg
32.0lb – 32 x 0.453592 kg = 14.515kg
(g) the mass of a 5.00-grain aspirin tablet to milligrams (1 grain = 0.00229 oz)
Mass of 5 grains = 5 × 0.00229 oz = 0.01145 oz
1 oz = 28349.5 mg
0.01145 oz = 0.01145 x 28349.5 mg = 342.601775mg
18. Osmium is one of the densest elements known. What is its density if 2.72 g has a volume of
0.121 cm3
2.72g/0.121 cm3 = 22.479 =22.5g/cm3
19. Calculate these masses.
(a) What is the mass of 4.00 cm3 of sodium, density = 0.97 g/cm?
Mass = density x Volume = 0.97g/cm3 x 4.00cm3 =3.9g
(b) What is the mass of 125 mL gaseous chlorine, density = 3.16 g/L?
Mass = density x Volume = 3.16g/L x 0.125L = 0.395g
20. Calculate these volumes.
(a) What is the volume of 11.3 g graphite, density = 2.25 g/cm 3?
Mass/volume = density
11.3g/V = 2.25g/cm3
11.3g=2.25g/cm3 x V
11.3g/2.25g/cm3 =V
5.02cm3 = V
(b) What is the volume of 39.657 g bromine, density = 2.928 g/cm 3
V = mass/density
V= 39.657g/(2.98g/cm3)
V=13.54cm3
21. Convert the temperature of dry ice, –77 C, into degrees Fahrenheit and kelvin.
Temperature in Kelvin = -77 degrees Celsius + 273
= 196 K
Temperature in degree Fahrenheit = (-77 degrees Celsius x (9/5)) +32
= (-693/5) +32
=106.6 degrees Fahrenheit