Exam 2:Review
CHAPTERS 4, 5 , 6
For use as a study tool, this should help recognize key concepts can be used to cement ideas. The
test is NOT limited to these concepts, but this can be a starting point for studying. Understand any
& all concepts identified in the objectives for each chapter. Know basic structures & notation.
Study the definitions from the end of each chapter (especially those assigned in homework).
**REMEMBER starting the day or night before is not enough time – you should have been
studying long before the review becomes available!!**
CHAPTER 4: ENERGY
 What is energy and what are the basic energy laws?
 What is the mitochondrial role in energy transfer?

What is metabolism? What are the two types of specific metabolism? How do we
regulate metabolism?

What is ATP?
 What does it do for us?
o How does it do the above referenced?

What is an enzyme?
 Where does the activity occur on an enzyme?
 How can this be manipulated?



What are REDOX reactions?
What are negative feedback loops? How can I regulate enzymes?
How are things moved in and out of the cell? Know what diffusion, concentration
gradients and osmosis are.
o Know the different osmotic states.
o Know about passive vs. active transport
What are the different types of transport that can occur at the plasma membrane
o For small things?
o For big things?
o How does each differ from the others?

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CHAPTER 5. PHOTOSYNTHESIS (STUDY DIAGRAM PROVIDED PG 3)

Understand the role that light plays in photosynthesis.

Know about the major steps of photosynthesis and what happens during each:
o Light reactions
o Light independent reactions (other names? Why?)


Know the locations of key events.
Know the major products produced in each step.

Why do we need photosynthesis? (Think about what are organisms that carry out
photosynthesis called? What are organisms that eat plants called?)
Know about the major steps of photosynthesis and what happens during each:
o Light reactions

o Light independent reactions (other names? Why?)

Know the locations of key events.

Know the major products produced in each step.
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CHAPTER 6: CELLULAR RESPIRATION [STUDY THE DIAGRAM SHOWN PG 4]

What is a ‘redox’ reaction? (start with what defining what makes up the term
redox)

What is an electron carrier? What is the main one used in cellular respiration
o What is the other one & which of the three processes was it used in?

What are two ways (chemistry wise) that we can make ATP (big picture).
o Glycolysis & Krebs VS. ETC?
KNOW THE STEPS OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION (THE BIG THREE- GLYCOLYSIS,
KREBS, ETC)
o What is happening in each
o Where do the steps take place

Know the “counts” for each step – both ATP, important molecules, number of
carbons in intermediates, etc.

Know what we need to make cellular respiration run, what happens in the absence
of any components. (i.e. why do we breathe)
CHAPTER 28.3: DIGESTION AND NUTRITION

Know why animals eat.

Know about the parts of the human digestive system.
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Cellular respiration review
Energy?
Starting material?
Process
?
Product?
Process
?
Product?
Product?
Process
?
Energy?
By-product?
Product?
By-product?
Acceptor?
Terms to be used:
 2 ATP (you may use this twice)
 32-34 ATP
 4CO2
 Acetyl CoA
 Glucose
 Glycolysis
 H2O
 Kreb’s Cycle
 O2
 Pyruvate
 Fermentation
 Lactic acid/ ethanol
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