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ɧɭɸ ɹɩɨɧɰɚɦ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɚ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɦɟɧɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɦəɩɨɧɢɢ
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ɟɝɨɧɟɩɪɹɦɵɦɝɨɫɩɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ȼ ɝɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦəɩɨɧɢɢɫɨɡɞɚɧɚ
ɩɪɟɮɟɤɬɭɪɚɈɤɢɧɚɜɚ .
࠾࡞ࡾ⚄ ɧɚɊɸɤɸ
Ʉɭɥɶɬ©ɫɟɫɬɪɵ-ɛɨɝɢɧɢª ɨɧɚɪɢ-ɝɚɦɢ࠾
Ɉɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɨɜɨɦɦɢɪɟɊɸɤɸ
ȼɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɨɜɨɦɦɢɪɟɊɸɤɸɚɜɬɨɪɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬ
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ɲɢɧɫɬɜɟɢɡɷɬɢɯɤɭɥɶɬɨɜɠɟɧɳɢɧɵɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬɝɥɚɜɧɨɟɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
1. ɀɪɟɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɹ ɤɭɥɶɬ ɠɪɢɰ ©ɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɨɳª – ɫɜɹɬɢɥɢɳ
ɭɬɚɤɢ
ɀɪɟɱɟɫɤɢɣɤɭɥɶɬɢɧɚɱɟɠɪɟɱɟɫɤɚɹɪɟɥɢɝɢɹ – ɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɣɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɊɸɤɸ
2. ɒɚɦɚɧɢɡɦ
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ɱɟɫɤɢɣɤɭɥɶɬɢɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɵɣɲɚɦɚɧɢɡɦȼəɩɨɧɢɢɠɟɨɫɤɨɥɤɢɲɚɦɚ
ɧɢɡɦɚɜɵɬɟɫɧɟɧɵɧɚɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɸɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɫɟɜɟɪɨ-ɜɨɫɬɨɤɨɏɨɧɫɸ ɢ
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ȾɨɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹɧɚɊɸɤɸɜɧɚɱɚɥɟ;9,ɜɨɛɳɟɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɠɪɟɱɟ
ɫɤɨɣɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɢɜɨɝɥɚɜɟɫȼɟɪɯɨɜɧɨɣɠɪɢɰɟɣɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɚ ⪺ᚓ኱ྩ
ɹɩ* "- t ɜ ɫɟɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɧɚ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɦ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɟ Ɉɤɢɧɚɜɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɥɟɠɚ
ɳɢɯɨɫɬɪɨɜɚɯɜɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯɫɟɥɟɧɢɹɯɫɬɚɪɲɢɦɢɛɵɥɢɨɛɳɢɧɧɵɟɠɪɢɰɵ
t ɹɩ" ᰿⚄©Ȼɨɝɢɧɹ ɢɫɬɨɤɚª ɛɭɤɜ ©Ʉɨɪɧɟɜɚɹ ɛɨɝɢɧɹª ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɨɡɝɥɚɜɥɹɥɢ ɨɛɳɢɧɧɵɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɨɜɵɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɀɪɢɰɚ t
ɛɵɥɚ ɫɬɚɪɲɟɣ ɞɨɱɟɪɶɸ ɢɡ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɦɚ ɨɛɳɢɧɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɱɢɬɚɥɫɹ
ɫɚɦɵɦɫɬɚɪɵɦɜɷɬɨɦɫɟɥɟɧɢɢɬɟɢɡɫɟɦɶɢɩɨɬɨɦɤɨɜɥɟɝɟɧɞɚɪɧɵɯɨɫ
ɧɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ tt ᰿ᐙ – ©ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣɤɨɪɧɟɜɨɣɞɨɦª ɟɟɫɬɚ
ɬɭɫɤɚɤɩɪɚɜɢɥɨɧɚɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɫɹɨɬɬɟɬɤɢɤɩɥɟɦɹɧɧɢɰɟɩɨɦɭɠɫɤɨɣɥɢ
ɧɢɢɫɟɦɶɢQt ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɥɚɜɫɟɦɢɨɛɳɢɧɧɵɦɢɨɛɪɹɞɚɦɢɢɩɪɚɡɞɧɟ
ɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɤɚɤ - ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɛɪɚɬɚ – ɝɥɚɜɵ ɨɛɳɢɧɵ ɨɧ ɛɵɥ ɝɥɚɜɨɣ
©Ʉɨɪɧɟɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɦɚª t ɢ ɟɝɨ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɥɢ kz: k (᰿ே ©ɇɚ
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ɜɚɬɟɥɟɣɞɟɪɟɜɧɢɜ ɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɨɦɚɯ ɠɪɢɰ tt ɢ ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɝɧɹ ɛɨɠɟ
ɫɬɜɚɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɝɨɨɱɚɝɚj- ɞɟɪɟɜɧɢ .
ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹɤɭɥɶɬɚɨɧɚɪɢ-ɝɚɦɢ
ȼɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɤɭɥɶɬ - ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɫɱɢɬɚɥɨɫɶ ɱɬɨ ɞɭɯ
ɫɟɫɬɪɵ ɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬ ɛɪɚɬɚ ɛɵɥ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ©ɨɬɰɚ ɪɸ
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©ɋɟɫɬɪɚ-ɛɨɝɢɧɹª ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɜ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɚɯ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɬ ©Ɉɫɬɪɨɜɚ ³ɋɟɫɬɪɵɛɨɝɢɧɢ´ªɢ©ɉɪɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɹɩɨɧɫɤɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɧɚɸɝ – Ɉɫɬɪɨɜɚ©ɋɟɫɬɪɵɛɨɝɢɧɢªɑɚɫɬɶª15.
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ɠɪɟɱɟɫɤɢɣɤɭɥɶɬɧɚɊɸɤɸ– ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɠɟɧɫɤɢɣɢɦɭɠɱɢɧɵ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɜɬɨɪɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɟɪɨɥɢɩɨɦɨɳɧɢɤɨɜɊɢɬɭɚɥɶɧɚɹɝɪɭɩɩɚɨɛɳɢɧɵ ɞɟɪɟɜɧɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɥɚɢɡɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɢ
ɧɟɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɤɭɥɶɬɨɜɵɯɫɥɭɠɢɬɟɥɟɣ k ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɢɯɨɛɪɹɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɣ ɨɛ
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ɞɟɪɟɜɧɢɢɬɨɥɶɤɨɧɚɝɥɚɜɧɨɦ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɟ – Ɉɤɢɧɚɜɚ ɢ ɨ-ɜɚɯ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ Ɉɤɢɧɚɜɚ Ɉɤɢɧɚɜɚ ɛɭɧɤɚɫɢ
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ɦɥɚɞɲɟɣ ɫɟɫɬɪɵª ɨɧ ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɥɭɡɚɛɵɬɨɟ ɹɩɨɧɫɤɨɟ
ɫɥɨɜɨ©ɨɧɚɪɢª ©ɜɨɧɚɪɢª ɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɨɦɨɤɢɧɚɜɫɤɨɦɭ©ɜɭ
ɧɚɢª Ʉɚɤ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬ Ɇɚɛɭɬɢ Ɍɨɢɬɢ ɜɢɞɧɵɣ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɷɬɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ
Ɋɸɤɸ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɂɯɚ Ɏɭɸ ɩɨɞɜɟɥɢ əɧɚɝɢɞɚ ɤ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɟ ɫɨɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ
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ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ əɩɨ
ɧɢɢªɌɚɤɜ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɟɫɧɹɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɛɪɹɞɚ ɩɨɫɚɞɤɢ
ɪɢɫɚ ɬɨɱɧɟɟɩɟɪɟɫɚɞɤɢɪɢɫɨɜɨɣɪɚɫɫɚɞɵ ɜɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɪɚɣɨɧɚɯɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ
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ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɛɪɹɞɟ ɜ Ɍɨɯɨɤɭ ɋ-ȼ ɨ ɏɨɧɫɸ ɲɚɦɚɧɤɭ ɦɢɤɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɢɧɨɝɞɚɧɚɡɵɜɚɥɢ©ɨɧɚɪɢª.
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ɫɢɛɥɢɧɝɚɦɢ ɫɟɫɬɪɚ ɢ ɛɪɚɬ ɢ ©ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɨª ɫɟɫɬɪɵ ɧɚɞ
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ɚɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɜ -ɯ ɬɨɦɚɯ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɚɹ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɯ ɪɢɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɠɪɟɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɟɫɧɨɩɟ
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Ɋɸɤɸ ɩɟɫɧɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɫɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɚɡɛɭɤɨɣ ɯɢɪɚɝɚɧɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɦɢ ɢɟɪɨɝɥɢɮɚɦɢ ɉɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɣ
ɜɟɪɫɢɢ©ɨɦɨɪɨªɱɬɨɩɨ-ɪɸɤɸɫɤɢɡɜɭɱɢɬɤɚɤ©ɭɦɭɢªɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɹɩɨɧɫɤɨɦɭ©ɨɦɨɢª ᛮ࠸
ɬɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɷɬɨɫɥɨɜɨɦɨɠɧɨɩɟɪɟɜɟɫɬɢɤɚɤ©ɞɭɦɚª©ɞɭɦɤɚªɈɦɨɪɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɹɥɢɫɶɠɪɢ
ɰɚɦɢɜɫɜɹɬɢɥɢɳɚɯɭɬɚɤɢɤɚɤɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹɜɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɫɬɢɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɚɦɢɬɚɤɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɜ ɩɟɫɧɹɯ ɢɡɪɟɤɚɥɫɹ ɨɪɚɤɭɥ ɋɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɚɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɤɨɪɨɥɹɋɺɋɷɣ ᑦΎ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɜ–1555 ɝɝ – ɤɨɝɞɚɲɥɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɢɤɭɥɶ
ɬɭɪɧɨ-ɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ©Ɉɦɨɪɨ-ɫɨɫɢª ɞɥɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ Ɋɸɤɸ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ
ɩɟɪɟɨɰɟɧɢɬɶɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɝɨɜɨɪɹɞɥɹɪɸɤɸɫɤɨɣɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ– ɷɬɨɤɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɹɩɨɧɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɩɨ
ɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɚɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɹ©Ɇɚɧɴɺɫɸªɢɫɢɧɬɨɢɫɬɫɤɢɟɦɨɥɢɬɜɨɫɥɨɜɢɹɧɨɪɢɬɨɜɦɟɫɬɟɜɡɹɬɵɟɉɟɫ
ɧɢ ɨɦɨɪɨ ɬɪɭɞɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨ ɪɸɤɸɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ
ɬɪɚɧɫɤɪɢɛɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɹɩɨɧɫɤɨɣ ɚɡɛɭɤɨɣ ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞɨɜ ɩɟɫɟɧ ɨɦɨɪɨ ɧɚ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɹɡɵɤɢ ɨɱɟɧɶ
ɦɚɥɨɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɩɟɫɟɧɩɟɪɟɜɟɥɇ Ⱥ ɇɟɜɫɤɢɣȼəɩɨɧɢɢɠɟɢɦɟɟɬɫɹɛɨɝɚɬɚɹɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɹɢɡɭɱɟ
ɧɢɹɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɢɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ©Ɉɦɨɪɨ-ɫɨɫɢªɧɚɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣɹɩɨɧɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟ
ɫɤɢɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɚɹɜɊɨɫɫɢɢɋɪɟɞɢɷɬɢɯɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣɂɯɚɎɭɸɇɚɤɚɯɚɪɚȾɡɷɧɬɸɏɨɤɚɦɚ
ɋɸɞɡɷɧɌɨɪɢɝɨɷɄɷɧɞɡɚɛɭɪɨɋɢɦɢɞɡɭȺɤɢɪɚɏɚɬɷɪɭɦɚɗɣɤɢɬɢɋɚɤɢɦɚɌɨɫɢɤɚɰɭɉɨɞɪɟ
ɞɚɤɰɢɟɣ ɦɚɫɬɢɬɵɯ ɏɨɤɚɦɚ ɏɨɤɚɦɚ ɢ ɋɚɣɝɨ ɇɨɛɭɰɭɧɚ ɚɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ -ɣ ɬɨɦ ɩɪɟ
ɫɬɢɠɧɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɟɪɢɢ ©ɉɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɢ ɦɵɫɥɢ əɩɨɧɢɢª ɇɢɯɨɧ ɫɢɫɨ ɬɚɣɤɷɣ Ɍɨɤɢɨ
ɂɜɚɧɚɦɢɫɺɬɷɧ ɌɈɦɨɪɨ-ɫɨɫɢ əɧɚɝɢɞɚɄɭɧɢɨɂɦɨɬɨ-ɧɨɬɢɤɚɪɚ>Ɇɨɝɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɦɥɚɞɲɟɣɫɟɫɬɪɵ@Ɍɨɤɢɨ
ɆɚɛɭɬɢɌɨɢɬɢɋɢɦɚɣ-ɧɨɪɷɣɬɷɤɢɸɷɰɭ>Ⱦɭɯɨɜɧɨɟɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɨɫɟɫɬɪɵ@ Ɇɚɛɭɬɢ
Ɍɨɢɬɢɞɡɷɧɫɸ>ɉɨɥɧɨɟɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɟɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɣɆɚɛɭɬɢɌɨɢɬɢ@Ɍɨɤɢɨ Ɍɋ
ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬ ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɤɚɤ ©ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɟ
ɜɨɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɨªɫɟɫɬɪɵɧɚɞɛɪɚɬɨɦɧɟɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶɤɭɥɶɬɚɨɧɚɪɢ-ɝɚɦɢ ɧɚɊɸɤɸ
227
ɛɪɚɬɨɦɜɂɧɞɨɧɟɡɢɢɢɈɤɟɚɧɢɢɩɪɢɲɟɥɤɜɵɜɨɞɭɱɬɨɦɟɠɞɭɊɸɤɸɢ
Ɉɤɟɚɧɢɟɣɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɇɚɊɸɤɸɤɚɤɢɜɞɪɭ
ɝɢɯɬɢɯɨɨɤɟɚɧɫɤɢɯɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɯ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɨɌɨɧɝɚɌɪɨɛɪɢɚɧɫɤɢɟɨ-ɜɚ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɵɡɚɧɢɦɚɥɢɜɚɠɧɨɟɦɟɫɬɨɜɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɨɧɢɧɚɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢɜɫɟɣ
ɠɢɡɧɢɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɱɢɬɚɥɢɫɶ©ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɚɦɢªɜɢɞɢɦɨɩɨɬɨɦɭɱɬɨɞɚ
ɜɚɥɢɧɚɱɚɥɨɧɨɜɨɣɠɢɡɧɢ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɹɩɨɧɫɤɨɦɭɫɥɨɜɭ©ɨɧɚɪɢɜɨɧɚɪɢª ©ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚª©>ɦɥɚɞɲɚɹ@ɫɟɫɬɪɚªɬɚɤɠɟ©ɨɦɷɧɚɪɢª ɧɚɊɸɤɸɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ
ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɧɵɟɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵɧɚɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɨɫɬɪɨɜɚɯ ( $ '$! ' ɢɩɪ 21
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹɛɪɚɬɶɹɦɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɦɢɢɫɬɚɪɲɢɦɢɛɪɚɬɶɹɦɢɹɩ
^t' ɩɪɢɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɢɤɫɜɨɢɦɫɟɫɬɪɚɦ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɦɢɫɬɚɪɲɢɦɫɟɫɬɪɚɦ
ɹɩ ' ɢ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬ ©ɫɟɫɬɪɚª ©ɫɟɫɬɪɢɱɤɚª ©ɫɟɫɬɪɟɧɤɚª ɋɟɫɬɪɵ ɠɟ
ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɛɪɚɬɶɟɜ ©ɭɤɢɢª ɹɩ "" ɢɥɢ ©ɭɦɢɤɢɢª ɹɩ ""&
ɇɚɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɟɨɫɬɪɨɜɨɜɝɪɭɩɩɵɈɤɢɧɚɜɵ©ɭɧɚɢªɢɥɢ©ɜɭɧɚɢªɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ
©ɫɟɫɬɪɚª ɫɬɚɪɲɚɹɢɥɢɦɥɚɞɲɚɹɫɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹɟɟɛɪɚɬɚ ©ɭɧɚɢ-ɭɤɢɢª
ɢɥɢ©ɜɭɧɚɢ-ɜɢɤɢɢª – ©ɫɟɫɬɪɚɢɛɪɚɬª©ɫɢɛɥɢɧɝɢª©ȼɭɧɚɢ-ɝɚɦɢª ɹɩ &
- – ©ɫɟɫɬɪɚ-ɛɨɝɢɧɹªɬɚɤɟɟɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɤɨɝɞɚɨɧɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬɜɫɨ
ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢɜɟɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢɱɬɨɨɧɚɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬɦɚɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɫɢɥɨɣɡɚɳɢɳɚɬɶɫɜɨɟɝɨɛɪɚɬɚ
Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ©ɨɧɚɪɢ-ɝɚɦɢªɨɞɧɚɢɡɫɚɦɵɯɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯɜɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢ
ɱɟɫɤɨɦɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɟɩɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟɢɪɟɥɢɝɢɢɊɸɤɸɤɚɤɜəɩɨɧɢɢ
ɬɚɤɢɧɚɁɚɩɚɞɟ ɧɨɦɚɥɨɢɡɭɱɟɧɚɜɊɨɫɫɢɢ ɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɜɤɧɢɝɟ©Ɋɟɥɢɝɢɹ
Ɉɤɢɧɚɜɵª ɍ Ʌɟɛɪɚ 22 ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɷɬɨɬ
ɬɟɪɦɢɧɧɟɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬɫɹɧɨɚɜɬɨɪɨɩɟɪɢɪɭɟɬɞɪɭɝɢɦɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɦɫɬɟɦɠɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ – ©ɭɦɢɧɚɢ-ɝɚɦɢ XPLQDL-JDPLVLVWHUNDPL ɠɟɧɫɤɨɟɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ
ɫɟɫɬɪɚ-ɫɢɛɥɢɧɝ -ɩɟɪɜɨɬɜɨɪɟɰ ɢɧɚɱɟɬɚɤɠɟɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ©ɜɢɧɚɝɭ-ɝɚɦɢª
ZLQDJX-JDPL Ȼɪɚɬ-ɫɢɛɥɢɧɝ ɦɭɠɫɤɨɟ ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ-ɩɟɪɜɨɬɜɨɪɟɰ ɧɚɡɵɜɚ
ɟɬɫɹ ©ɭɦɢɤɢɢ-ɝɚɦɢª XPLNLL-JDPL EURWKHU NDPL ɢɧɚɱɟ ɬɚɤɠɟ ©ɜɢɤɢɢɝɚɦɢª ZLNLL-JDPL ȼ ɧɨɜɨɦ ɨɤɢɧɚɜɫɤɨ-ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɟ ɩɨɞɝɨ
ɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɦɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ ɤɚɤ Ɇɢɰɭɝɭ ɋɚɤɢɯɚɪɚ
Ʌɟɨɧɋɟɪɚɮɢɦ ɢɋɢɝɷɯɢɫɚɄɚɪɢɦɚɬɚXPLQDLɢɦɟɟɬɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ©ɫɟɫɬɪɚª ɫ
ɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹɟɟɛɪɚɬɚ 8PLNLLɢɦɟɟɬɞɜɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɌɚɤɫɟɫɬɪɚɨɛɪɚ
———————————
! ] ɍɤɚɡɫɨɱɋ–ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɦȽɚɣɬɢ-ɧɨɫɺɬɚɣɤɷɣ-ɬɨɧɨɯɢɤɚɤɭ
>ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɫɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɦɢɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢɈɤɟɚɧɢɹ@ Ɍɚɦɠɟɋ–
21
ɈɬɨȺɦɚɦɢ-ɨɫɢɦɚ ɩɪɟɮɄɚɝɨɫɢɦɚ ɞɨɨɈɤɢɧɚɜɚ $ $ $ $ $
$ $ $ $ "t ɨ Ʉɢɤɚɣ ɨ-ɜɚ Ⱥɦɚɦɢ ɨ Ʉɭɞɚɤɚ ɨ-ɜɚ Ɉɤɢɧɚɜɚ ɨȺɝɭɧɢ ɨ-ɜɚɈɤɢɧɚɜɚ ɩɨɫɋɨɧɚɣɧɚɨɂɪɢɨɦɨɬɷɨɂɫɢɝɚɤɢɨɏɚɬɷɪɭɦɚ
ɨȺɪɚɝɭɫɤɭ ɨ-ɜɚəɷɹɦɚ ! ɩɨɫɟɥɨɤɄɨɦɢɧɚɨɂɪɢɨɦɨɬɷɨɄɨɯɚɦɚ ɨ-ɜɚəɷɹɦɚ ! &
ɨɄɭɪɨɫɢɦɚ ɨ-ɜɚəɷɹɦɚ ! ɨɆɢɹɤɨɨ ɂɤɷɦɚɨɈɝɚɦɢɨɄɭɪɢɦɚɨɋɢɦɨɞɡɢ
ɨ-ɜɚɆɢɹɤɨ ! ! ɨɂɪɚɛɭ ɢ ɨ Ɍɚɪɚɦɚ ɨ-ɜɚ Ɇɢɹɤɨ ! ɩɨ ©əɷɹɦɚ ɸɪɚɣɤɢª
©Ɂɚɩɢɫɢɨɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ>ɨɫɬɪɨɜɨɜ@əɷɹɦɚª;9,, ɜ ɨ-ɜɚəɷɹɦɚɢɆɢɹɤɨ! .
22
{3I:=Y.@. 2NLQDZDQ5HOLJLRQ+RQROXOX
Ɉɫɢɛɥɢɧɝɚɯ-ɩɟɪɜɨɬɜɨɪɰɚɯɧɚɊɸɤɸɫɦG#q.X. ɈɤɨɫɦɨɝɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɦɢɮɚɯɊɸ
ɤɸəɩɨɧɢɹ ȿɠɟɝɨɞɧɢɤ. ɆȺɂɊɈ-ɏɏ,
{3I:=Y. Op. cit. Ɋ
228
ɳɚɟɬɫɹɤɫɜɨɟɦɭɛɪɚɬɭɌɚɤɠɟɧɳɢɧɚɨɛɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹɤɦɭɠɱɢɧɟɢɡɛɨɥɟɟ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɝɪɭɩɩɵɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɦɥɚɞɲɟɟɟɩɨɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɭ25.
ɂɜ əɩɨɧɢɢɢɧɚɁɚɩɚɞɟɭɱɟɧɵɟɢɡɭɱɚɸɳɢɟɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɵɟɤɭɥɶɬɵɢ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭɊɸɤɸɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɥɢɫɶɧɚɞɜɟɝɪɭɩɩɵɩɨɩɨɜɨɞɭɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɬɟɪɦɢ
ɧɚ©ɨɧɚɪɢ-ɝɚɦɢªȻɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɢɡɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ – ɜɫɥɟɞ ɡɚ ɂɯɚ
ɎɭɸɢɌɨɢɬɢɆɚɛɭɬɢ – ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ©ɫɟ
ɫɬɪɚªɚ"" – ©ɛɪɚɬªɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ©ɨɧɚɪɢ-ɝɚɦɢªɡɧɚɱɢɬ©ɫɟɫɬɪɚɛɨɝɢɧɹª ɹɩ '- Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟ ɠɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸɬ ɧɨ
ɜɭɸɬɪɚɤɬɨɜɤɭ – ©ɠɟɧɫɤɨɟɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɨª ɨɛɷɬɨɦɧɢɠɟ Ɍɚɤɨɟɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɦɢɧɨɢɬɟɫɧɨɣɫɜɹ
ɡɶɸɷɬɨɝɨɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣɢɪɟɥɢɝɢɟɣɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ
ɝɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɊɸɤɸ
ɇɚɁɚɩɚɞɟɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɚɹɬɨɱɤɚɡɪɟɧɢɹɜɩɟɪɜɵɟɛɵɥɚɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚɜ
ɝɤɨɝɞɚȾɭɝɥɚɫɏɷɪɢɧɝ 'ɨXJODV * +DULQJ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɜɲɢɣɫɬɚ
ɬɶɸ ɨ ɠɪɢɰɚɯ ɨ-ɜɨɜ Ⱥɦɚɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɥ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ ©ɨɧɚɪɢ-ɝɚɦɢª ɧɚ ɚɧɝɥɢɣ
ɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɤɚɤVLVWHU-GHLW\
ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ Ɋɸɤɸ ɏɨɤɚɦɚ ɋɸɞɡɷɧ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɹɩɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɧɨɝɨ Ʉɨɞɡɢɦɚ
Ȭɫɢɸɤɢ©ɭɧɚɢªɢ©ɭɤɢɢª ©ɜɭɧɚɢªɢ©ɜɢɤɢɢªZXQDLɢZLNLL ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶ
ɧɨ ɢɦɟɥɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ©ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚª ɢ ©ɦɭɠɱɢɧɚª Ʉɨɞɡɢɦɚ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɥɱɬɨɜɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɣɱɚɫɬɢɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨɨɫɬɪɨɜɚɈɤɢɧɚɜɚɫɥɨɜɨ &
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɜɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ©ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚªɚ"" – ©ɦɭɠɱɢɧɚªɈɧɬɚɤ
ɠɟ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɟɫɧɹɯ ɢɡ ɚɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ
©Ɉɦɨɪɨɫɨɫɢªɷɬɢɬɟɪɦɢɧɵɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹɩɪɢɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɢɤɥɸɛɨɜɧɨ
ɦɭɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɭɢɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɲɟ
ɇɚɤɚɦɚɰɭ əɫɸ ɟɳɟ ɨɞɢɧ ɜɢɞɧɵɣ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ Ɋɸɤɸ
ɫɨɡɞɚɥɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɵɏɨɤɚɦɚɢɄɨɞɡɢɦɚɫɜɨɸɬɟɨɪɢɸɩɨɫɬɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɜ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ©ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚªɞɥɹ ɢ ©ɦɭɠɱɢɧɚª ɞɥɹ ""
ɜɩɪɨɱɟɦɧɟɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɹɤɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɷɬɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɫɭɡɢɥɢɫɶɞɨ©ɫɟɫɬɪɚª ɢ
©ɛɪɚɬªɗɬɨɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɬɶ©ɨɧɚɪɢ-ɝɚɦɢªɤɚɤ©ɠɟɧɫɤɨɟɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɨª
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T=<;8=:=M. Okinawan-(QJOLVK:RUGERRN+RQROXOXɊɉɪɢɷɬɨɦ ©wikiiª ɡɧɚɱɢɬ
«ɫɬɚɪɲɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɣ ɛɪɚɬ» (ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɫɟɫɬɪɵ ©ZLQDJX» (ɞɪɟɜɧɟɹɩɨɧɫɤɨɟ «ɨɧɚ
ɝɨª ɡɧɚɱɢɬ «ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚ ɩɨɞɪɭɝɚ ɥɸɛɨɜɧɢɰɚª ɚ «wikiga» – ©>ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɣ@ ɦɭɠɱɢɧɚ ɩɚɪɟɧɶª
«wikiga-XWWX» – «ɦɥɚɞɲɢɣ ɛɪɚɬª©wiQDJX-XWWX» – «ɦɥɚɞɲɚɹ ɫɟɫɬɪɚ» (T=<;8=:=. Op. citɊ–
©Cn-miiªɡɧɚɱɢɬ ©ɫɬɚɪɲɚɹɫɟɫɬɪɚ ɧɟɡɚɦɭɠɧɹɹɠɟɧɳɢɧɚª T=<;8=:=. Op. citɊ Ɉɛɚɫɥɨɜɚɡɞɟɫɶɢɧɢɠɟɞɚɧɵɜɹɩɨɧɫɤɨɦɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ
Ɉɛɷɬɨɦɫɦ! ] Ɉɤɢɧɚɜɚɫɷɧɬɨ-ɧɨɨɧɚɪɢ-ɝɚɦɢ – >Ʉɭɥɶɬɨɧɚɪɢ-ɝɚɦɢ
ɧɚɨɫɬɪɨɜɚɯɆɢɹɤɨɢəɷɹɦɚɑ–2@ ɆɚɛɭɬɢɌɨɢɬɢɞɡɷɧɫɸ >ɉɨɥɧɨɟɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɟɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɣ
Ɇɚɛɭɬɢ Ɍɨɢɬɢ@ Ɍɨɤɢɨ Ɍ ɋ – ɋɢɦɚɣ-ɧɨ ɪɷɣɬɷɤɢ ɸɷɰɭ >Ⱦɭɯɨɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɜɨɫ
ɯɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɫɟɫɬɪɵ@ Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ ɋ –
! ɇɚɦɛɭ Ɋɸɤɸ-ɬɨ ɧɨ ɯɢɤɚɤɭ >ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ
ɸɠɧɵɯɊɸɤɸɢɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨɨ-ɜɚɈɤɢɧɚɜɚ@ Ɍɚɦ ɠɟɋ –Ɇɚɛɭɬɢɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɜɲɢɣɩɨɥɟɜɵɟ
ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɝ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɨ-ɜɚɯ Ɇɢɹɤɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɫɥɨɜɨ ©ɛɭɧɚɵª ɹɩ ɚ
©ɤɭɥɶɬɚɨɧɚɪɢªɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɧɟɬ Ɍɚɦɠɟɋ – Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɣɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɇ Ⱥ ɇɟɜɫɤɢɣɜ
-ɯɝɨɞɚɯɩɪɨɲɥɨɝɨɜɟɤɚɡɚɩɢɫɚɥɧɚ ɨ-ɜɚɯɆɢɹɤɨɷɩɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɩɟɫɧɸɝɞɟɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ©ɫɟɫɬ
ɪɚ-ɛɨɝɢɧɹª
229
ɢɥɢɤɚɤ©ɫɜɹɬɚɹª ©ɫɜɹɬɚɹɠɟɧɳɢɧɚªKRO\ZRPDQ ɚ©ɷɤɷɪɢ-ɝɚɦɢª ɤɚɤ
©ɦɭɠɫɤɨɟɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɨªɢɥɢɤɚɤ©ɫɜɹɬɨɣª ©ɫɜɹɬɨɣɦɭɠɱɢɧɚªKRO\PDQ .
ɇɟɦɟɰɤɚɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɢɰɚ Ɇɨɧɢɤɚ ȼɚɤɤɟɪ ɜɫɥɟɞ ɡɚ ɇɚɤɚɦɚɰɭ əɫɸ
ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɨɧɚɪɢ-ɝɚɦɢ ɤɚɤ ©ɛɨɝɢɧɹª ©ɠɟɧɫɤɨɟ ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɨª ɢ ©ɫɜɹɬɚɹª
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ JRGGHVV IHPDOH GHLW\ ɢ KRO\GHYLQH ZRPDQ Ɉɧɚ ɩɨɥɚ
ɝɚɟɬɱɬɨɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɠɟɧɵɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɛɵɥɢ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɵ ɜ ɤɭɥɶɬɨɜɭɸ ɨɛ
ɪɹɞɧɨɫɬɶɜɝɨɪɚɡɞɨɛɨɥɶɲɟɣɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɱɟɦɫɟɫɬɪɵɈɧɚɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɱɬɨ
ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɨɧɚɪɢ ɤ©ɫɟɫɬɪɟªɢɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟɦɢɮɨ-ɪɢɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɨɧ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɚ ©ɫɟɫɬɪɚ-ɛɪɚɬª ɛɵɥɨ ɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ
ɞɜɨɪɚȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɫɬɢɢɋɺ ɫɤɨɧɰɚ;9,ɜ ɗɬɨɬ ɤɨɧɮɭɰɢɚɧɫɤɢɣɩɪɨ
ɟɤɬɩɨɟɟɦɧɟɧɢɸɛɵɥɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɩɪɨɩɚɝɚɧɞɭɩɚɬɪɢɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɟ
ɫɬɪɚɢɛɪɚɬɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɬɤɨɞɧɨɦɭɪɨɞɭɚɦɭɠɢɠɟɧɚ – ɤɪɚɡɧɵɦ – ɜ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɟɫ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɦɚɬɪɢɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ Ɋɸɤɸ ɗɬɨɬ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ
ɩɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɥɫɹɜɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ
ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɚɬɪɢɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɪɨɞɨɜ ɦɨɧɬɸ ɫ
;9,,ɜɭɡɧɚɬɢ ɜɤɪɟɫɬɶɹɧɫɤɨɣɫɪɟɞɟɬɚɤɚɹɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɫɬɚɥɚɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚ
ɧɹɬɶɫɹɜ;9,,,ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɜɨɣɫɢɫɬɟɦɟɦɨɧɬɸ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚɞɚɠɟɜɵɣɞɹ
ɡɚɦɭɠɜɫɸɠɢɡɧɶɨɫɬɚɜɚɥɚɫɶɱɥɟɧɨɦɪɨɞɚɜɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɪɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ .
Ƚɢɩɨɬɟɡɚȼɚɤɤɟɪɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɟɫɶɦɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨɣɧɟɹɫɧɨɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɤɚɤɛɵɬɶɫɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɦɢɦɢɮɚɦɢɢɥɟɝɟɧɞɚɦɢɨɫɢɛɥɢɧɝɚɯ ɫɟɫɬɪɟ
ɢɛɪɚɬɟ ɤɚɤɩɟɪɜɨɩɪɟɞɤɚɯȼɚɤɤɟɪɜɩɪɨɱɟɦɩɪɢɡɧɚɟɬɱɬɨɧɚɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ
ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɚ©ɫɟɫɬɪɚ-ɛɪɚɬªɩɨɜɥɢɹɥɚɢɬɚɜɚɠɧɚɹɪɨɥɶɤɨɬɨɪɭɸɜɪɚɧɧɟɣ
ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɢɫɬɨɪɢɢɊɸɤɸɢɝɪɚɥɢɨɛɳɢɧɧɵɟɠɪɢɰɵ ɧɢɝɚɧ ɹɩɧɷɝɚɦɢ
ɛɭɤɜ©Ʉɨɪɧɟɜɚɹɛɨɝɢɧɹª ɩɪɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɛɵɥɢɛɪɚɬɶɹ ɧɢɬɬɸ ©Ʉɨɪɧɟɜɨɣ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤª Ɉɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦɟɠɞɭɨɧɚɪɢɝɚɦɢɢɟɟɩɨɞɨɩɟɱɧɵɦɢ
Ⱦɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɱɟɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɹ – ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɢ
ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɟɫɬɪɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ©ɦɚɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɢɥɭª ɞɥɹ
ɡɚɲɢɬɵɫɜɨɢɯɛɪɚɬɶɟɜɢɥɢɜɫɟɠɟɧɳɢɧɵɬɚɤɠɟɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɬɜɫɟɯɦɭɠɱɢɧ
ɢɡ ɢɯ ɚɦɛɢɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɂɯɚ Ɏɭɸ ɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ
ɭɱɟɧɵɯɫɱɢɬɚɸɬɱɬɨɜɨɫɧɨɜɟɥɟɠɚɬɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɫɢɛɥɢɧɝɨɜȿɫɥɢɠɟɭ
ɦɭɠɱɢɧɵ ɧɟɬ ɫɟɫɬɪɵ ɬɨ ɩɨ ɢɯ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵ – ɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ
ɩɚɬɪɢɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨɪɨɞɚ – ɬɚɤɢɟɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵȾɜɨɸɪɨɞɧɵɟɛɪɚɬɢɫɟɫɬɪɚ
Ɍɟɬɤɚɢɩɥɟɦɹɧɧɢɤ ɞɥɹɦɨɥɨɞɵɯɥɸɞɟɣ Ⱦɨɱɶɢ ɨɬɟɰ ɞɥɹɦɭɠɱɢɧ
ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯɥɟɬ ȼɧɭɱɤɚɢɞɟɞ ɞɥɹɫɬɚɪɢɤɨɜ ɉɨɦɧɟɧɢɸɷɬɢɯɭɱɟɧɵɯ
ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦɟɠɞɭɦɚɬɟɪɶɸɢɫɵɧɨɦɢɥɢɦɟɠɞɭɫɭɩɪɭɝɚɦɢ –
ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɟɫɧɢ ɢɡ
ɨɛɪɹɞɚɢɞɡɚɣɯɨ ɫɨ Ʉɭɞɚɤɚɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬɜɩɨɥɶɡɭɬɟɨɪɢɢɇɚɤɚɦɚɰɭ
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ɇɚɤɚɦɚɰɭəɫɸ ɋɢɧ©ɨɧɚɪɢɝɚɦɢɤɨª>ȿɳɟɪɚɡɨ ɤɭɥɶɬɟ ©ɫɟɫɬɪɵ-ɛɨɝɢɧɢª@ ɇɚɧɬɨ
ɋɨɧɨɪɷɤɢɫɢɬɨɛɭɧɤɚʋɋ–
:DFNHU0. Op. cit. Ɋ 55.
Ʉɨɝɞɚɭɦɭɠɱɢɧɵɧɟɬɫɟɫɬɟɪɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɨɧɚɪɢ-ɝɚɦɢ ɦɨɠɟɬɢɫɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɨɞɧɚɢɡɟɝɨɬɟɬɨɤ
ɩɨɨɬɰɭɜɬɚɤɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɟɟɡɨɜɭɬɨɛɚ-ɝɚɦɢ ©ɬɟɬɤɚ-ɛɨɝɢɧɹª 230
ɱɬɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɶɸ- - ɢ ɫɵɧɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɠɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɫɭɩɪɭɝɚɦɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɣ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɤɭɥɶɬɚ Ɉɪɢɝɭɬɢ
ɋɢɧɨɛɭɢȾ ɏɷɪɢɧɝɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɫɂɯɚɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɫɢɛɥɢɧɝɨɜ –
ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɤɭɥɶɬɚ ɧɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɸɬ ɱɬɨ ɠɟɧɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸɦɚɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɡɚɳɢɳɚɬɶɦɭɠɚɄɨɞɡɢɦɚɢɆɢɹɝɢɗɣɫɺɢɫɫɥɟ
ɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɠɪɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɤɭɥɶɬɚɊɸɤɸɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɧɟɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɫɷɬɢɦ
ɍɷɦɚɰɭȺɤɚɫɢɜɢɞɧɵɣɷɬɧɨɝɪɚɮɊɸɤɸɩɪɨɜɟɥɩɨɥɟɜɵɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜɞɜɭɯɫɟɥɟɧɢɹɯɧɚɫɟɜɟɪɟɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨɨ-ɜɚɈɤɢɧɚɜɚɜ-ɯɝɨɞɚɯ;;ɜɉɨ
ɟɝɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɜ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɢ
ɪɨɥɶ - ɢɫɩɨɥɧɹɥɚ ɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɫɟɫɬɪɚ ɧɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ
ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɨɬɪɵɜɨɦ ɲɥɢ ɠɟɧɵ ɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ – ɢ – ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ
ɫɟɥɟɧɢɢ – ɞɜɨɸɪɨɞɧɵɟɫɟɫɬɪɵɩɨɨɬɰɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ ɢɬɟɬɤɢ
ɫɨɬɰɨɜɫɤɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ – ɫɤɨɧɰɚ;9ɜ – ɩɨɩɹɬɧɚɞɰɚɬɢ
ȼɟɪɯɨɜɧɵɦɠɪɢɰɚɦɄɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɚɊɸɤɸɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɹɜɥɹɥɢɫɶ - ɪɸɤɸɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɣ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɧɵ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɪɨɞɧɚɹ
ɫɟɫɬɪɚ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɬɪɟɯɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟɜɞɜɭɯ – ɷɬɨɫɜɨɞ
ɧɵɟɫɟɫɬɪɵɩɨɨɬɰɭ ɜɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɫɥɭɱɚɹ – ɷɬɨ ɬɟɬɤɢ ɫ ɨɬ
ɰɨɜɫɤɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɜɵɯɨɞɰɵɢɡɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɤɨɝɨɪɨɞɚɫɬɨɥɶɤɨɠɟ – ɦɚɬɟɪɢ
ɩɪɚɜɹɳɢɯ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɣ ɭɪɨɠɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɡɧɚɬɧɵɯ ɪɨɞɨɜ ɠɟɧɚ – ɨɞɢɧ
ɫɥɭɱɚɣ .
Ɇɚɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɫɢɥɚ ɫɷɞɡɢ
Ɉɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɚɹɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɚɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɚɹɜɧɨɜɨɦ ɝ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɟɩɨ
ɷɬɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ Ɋɸɤɸ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɮɨɪɦɚɧɬ ©– } ©ɛɨɝɢ
ɧɹª©ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɨª ɜɫɥɨɜɟ© - ªɧɟɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶɬɚɤɛɭɞɬɨ
ɫɟɫɬɟɪ ɭɩɨɞɨɛɥɹɥɢ ©ɠɢɜɨɦɭ ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɭª ɹɩ j ⌧ ᚚ ⚄ ɛɭɤɜ©ɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɛɨɝª ɢ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɥɢ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɩɨɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ
ɗɬɨɫɤɨɪɟɟɛɵɥɨɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɢɨɬɨɦɱɬɨɫɟɫɬɪɵɨɛ
ɥɚɞɚɥɢ ©ɯɚɪɢɡɦɨɣª ɹɩ "' 㟋ጾ ɢ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɦ ɠɢɜɵɦ ɞɭɯɨɦ
ɹɩ^t ⏕㟋 ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɨɯɪɚɧɹɥɢɠɢɡɧɶɢɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɛɪɚɬɶɟɜɢ
ɩɪɢɧɨɫɢɥɢɢɡɨɛɢɥɢɟ ɹɩ.j t^t ɢɯɩɨɥɹɦ .
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Y=|<3:9. Op. cit. Ɋ. 51.
ɗɬɨɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɚɨɬɤɚɡɚɥɚɫɶɩɪɢɡɧɚɬɶɜɬɨɪɭɸɠɟɧɭɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɢɜ ɝɟɟ
ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ©ɩɨɜɵɫɢɥɢªɞɨȼɟɪɯɨɜɧɨɣɠɪɢɰɵɫɫɚɦɨɝɨɧɚɱɚɥɚɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹɷɬɨɝɨɩɨɫɬɚ ɢ
ɜɟɫɶ;9, ɜɫɬɚɬɭɫȼɟɪɯɨɜɧɨɣɠɪɢɰɵɛɵɥɜɵɲɟɱɟɦɭɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɵɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɭɩɪɭɝɢɤɨɪɨ
ɥɹɊɸɤɸɜ ɝɩɨɞɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɢɦɤɨɧɮɭɰɢɚɧɫɤɢɦɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ©ɪɟɝɟɧɬªɋɺɋɺɤɷɧɩɪɨɜɟɥ
ɫɬɚɬɭɫɧɭɸ©ɪɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɭªɷɬɢɯɩɨɫɬɨɜW" ~ j Ɉɤɢɧɚɜɚ-ɧɨɫɨɫɷɧɫɚɣɫɢ>Ɉɛɪɹɞɵɩɨ
ɱɢɬɚɧɢɹɩɪɟɞɤɨɜɧɚɈɤɢɧɚɜɟ@Ɍɨɤɢɨ ɋ–Y=|<3:M. Op. citɊȾɚɧɧɵɟɏɷɫɢɤɢ
ɢȼɚɤɤɟɪɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɨɬɥɢɱɧɵɭȼɚɤɤɟɪ-ɹ-ɹɢ-ɹȼɟɪɯɨɜɧɵɟɠɪɢɰɵɩɨɞɜɚɪɚɡɚɡɚɧɢɦɚɥɢ
ɷɬɨɬɩɨɫɬ– ɭɧɢɯɦɟɧɹɥɨɫɶɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɟɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
Ɉɤɢɧɚɜɚ ɦɢɧɞɡɨɤɭ ɞɡɢɬɷɧ >ɗɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɩɨ ɷɬɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ Ɉɤɢɧɚɜɵ@.
Ɍɨɤɢɨ
Ɍɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɷɬɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɨɛɥɚɝɨɣɫɢɥɟ - ɦɨɠɧɨɫɨɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ– ɧɨɫɨ
ɡɧɚɤɨɦ ©ɩɥɸɫª – ɫ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɹɩɨɧɫɤɢɦɢ ɜɟɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɣ ©ɠɢɜɨɣ ɞɭɯª ɢɥɢ
©ɠɢɜɭɸɞɭɲɭª ɹɩ^t ^tɬɚɤɠɟ ⏕㨰㨩 ɛɭɤɜ ©ɠɢɜɵɟɞɭɲɢª– ɜɪɟɞɨ
231
ɋɞɪɭɝɨɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɆɢɹɝɢɗɣɫɺɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɢɣɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɠɪɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɭɥɶɬɚ Ɋɸɤɸ ɩɪɹɦɨ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɥ ɨɧɚɪɢ – ©ɚɪɚɯɢɬɨɝɚɦɢª ©ɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɛɨɝª ɧɨɩɨɹɫɧɹɥɱɬɨɨɧɚɪɢ ɧɟɛɵɥɢ©ɫɚɦɢɩɨ ɫɟɛɟɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɚɦɢª
ɨɧɢɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɢɫɶɤɚɦɢɬɨɥɶɤɨɬɨɝɞɚɤɨɝɞɚɧɚɧɢɯɧɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɞɭɯɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ
ɩɨɞɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɨɧɢɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɥɢɫɜɨɢ©ɦɚɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨ
ɫɬɢª ɹɩ ɪɷɣɧɨ ɬ ɟ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɭɸ ɫɢɥɭ ɫɷɞɡɢ ɪɸɤɸɫ ɫɢɞɡɢ Ⱦɪɭɝɢɦɢ
ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢɷɬɢɠɟɧɳɢɧɵɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɤɚɦɢɩɨɬɨɦɭɱɬɨɨɛɥɚɞɚɥɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨ
ɫɬɶɸ ©ɫɢɥɨɣª ɩɪɢɡɵɜɚɬɶɞɭɯɨɜɧɭɸɫɢɥɭ ɹɩɪɷɣɪɺɤɭ ɫɷɞɡɢ ɜ©Ɉɦɨ
ɪɨɫɨɫɢªɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɫɹɧɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɨɫɷɞɡɢɧɨɢɨɞɪɭɝɢɯɜɢɞɚɯɦɚɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɫɢɥɵ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɫɭɷ; ɩɢɲɟɬɫɹɫɥɨɝɨɜɨɣɚɡɛɭɤɨɣ ࡍࢅ ɢɥɢ ࡍ࡬ ©ɫɭɯɷª
ɡɧɚɱɢɬ©ɞɭɯªɹɩɫɷɣ ⢭ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɬɚɤɠɟɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɷɩɢɬɟɬɚ ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɸɳɢɯɨɬɤɭɞɚɭɠɟɧɳɢɧɬɚ
ɤɚɹɫɢɥɚ ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɠɟɧɳɢɧɵɞɚɸɬɧɚɱɚɥɨɧɨɜɨɣɠɢɡɧɢɨɧɢɫɚɦɢ
ɨɬ ɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɨɫɨɛɨɣ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɨɣ ɫɢɞɡɢ ɹɩ ɫɷɞɡɢ
ɹɩɪɷɣɪɺɤɭ ɪɷɣɢ ɪɷɣɧɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɨɬ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɤɨɜ ɉɨ
ɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜ ©Ɉɦɨɪɨ ɫɨɫɢª ɠɪɢɰɵ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ
ɞɜɨɪɧɵɟ ɠɪɢɰɵ ɤɢɦɢ ɢ ȼɟɪɯɨɜɧɚɹ ɠɪɢɰɚ ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɚ Ɋɸɤɸ Ʉɢɤɨɷɨɝɢɦɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɥɢ ɫɢɥɭ ɫɷɞɡɢ ɢɡ ɂɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɡɚ ɦɨɪɟɦ ɇɢɪɚɣ-ɤɚɧɚɣ ɧɨɫɧɵɟɞɭɲɢɠɢɜɵɯɥɸɞɟɣɨɛɵɱɧɨɠɟɧɳɢɧɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɩɪɟɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɢɫɜɨɢɯɧɟɞɪɭɝɨɜɧɟɡɚɜɢ
ɫɢɦɨɨɬɜɨɥɢɢɯɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹɤɬɧɦɨɧɨ-ɧɨɤɷ ɨɞɢɧɢɡɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜɩɟɪɟ
ɜɨɞɚ– ɛɭɤɜ©ɞɭɯɢɜɟɳɟɣª Ɇɨɧɨ-ɧɨ-ɤɷ ≀ࡢ᛹≀ࡢẼ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɜɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯɜɟɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɯɢ
ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟəɩɨɧɢɢɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɲɢɪɨɤɨɟɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢɫ ,;–;,,ɜɜ
ɤɚɤɜɪɟɞɨɧɨɫɧɵɟɞɭɯɢɠɢɜɵɯ ⏕㟋 ɢɭɫɨɩɲɢɯ Ṛ㟋ᛷ㟋 ɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɫɬɶɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢɩɪɢɜɨ
ɞɢɥɚ ɤ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɢ ɢ ɫɦɟɪɬɢ Ʉɷɤɚɣ ©ɧɟɱɬɨ ɱɭɞɟɫɧɨɟɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɟª ©ɨɛɨɪɨɬɟɧɶª ᛹ ɤɢɬ ɝɭɚɣ ɜ
ɩɨɡɞɧɟɫɪɟɞɧɟɜɟɤɨɜɨɣɢɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣɞɟɦɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɢɩɨɪɨɞɢɥɨɰɟɥɵɣɤɥɚɫɫ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɧɟɣ ɢ ɩɪɢɜɢɞɟ
ɧɢɣɺɤɚɣ ɫɦȿɋȻɚɤɲɟɟɜɍɹɩɨɧɰɚɟɫɬɶɬɪɢɞɭɲɢɌɟɨɪɢɹɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɣɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɢ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɹɩɨɧɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ ɑɚɫɬɢ – Ɉɤɧɨ ɜ
əɩɨɧɢɸ (-PDLO ɛɸɥɥɟɬɟɧɶ Ɉɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ©Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ–əɩɨɧɢɹª ʋ 85/ KWWS
ZZZUX-MSRUJEDNVKHHYKWP 85/ KWWSZZZUX-MSRUJEDNVKHHYKWP 85/ KWWSZZZUXMSRUJEDNVKHHYKWP (ɞɚɬɚɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ >ɗɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɫɥɨɜɚɪɶɩɨɷɬɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢɈɤɢɧɚɜɵ@Ɍɨɤɢɨɋ –
Ɇɢɹɝɢɗɣɫɺ Ɉɤɢɧɚɜɚ-ɧɨɧɨɪɨɧɨɤɷɧɤɸ >ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɠɪɢɰɧɨɪɨɈɤɢɧɚɜɵ@Ɍɨɤɢɨ
ɋ Ʉɢɦɢ – ɜɵɫɲɢɟ ɩɪɢɞɜɨɪɧɵɟ ɠɪɢɰɵɊɸɤɸɝɥɚɜɧɵɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɪɨɞɨɦɢɡɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɤɨɣ
ɫɟɦɶɢɜɤɥɸɱɚɹȼɟɪɯɨɜɧɭɸɠɪɢɰɭɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɚ ⪺ᚓ኱ྩ ɹɩɄɢɤɨɷ-ɨɝɢɦɢ ©ɤɢɦɢɝɢɦɢª–
ɷɬɨɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɱɢɫɥɨɨɬ©ɤɢɦɢªɉɨɫɥɟɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹɠɪɟɱɟɫɤɨɣɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɢɜɧɚɱɚɥɟ;9,ɜɜɫɟ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɠɪɢɰɵɞɟɥɢɥɢɫɶɧɚɞɜɚɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢɜɵɫɲɭɸ– ɤɢɦɢ ɢɧɢɡɲɭɸ– ɧɨɪɨɄɢɤɨɷɨɝɢɦɢ (⪺ᚓ኱ྩ ɪɸɤɸɫ ɑɢɮɢ-ɭɮɭɞɡɢɧ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɑɢɮɢ-ɭɮɭɞɡɢɧ-ɝɚɧɚɫɢ ࢳࣇ࢕
࢘ࣇࢪࣥ࢞ࢼࢩ ⪺ᚓ኱ྩຍ㑣ᚿ㸧– ɝɥɚɜɧɚɹɫɪɟɞɢɤɢɦɢ(ɨɝɢɦɢ – ©ɜɟɥɢɤɚɹɤɢɦɢªɷɩɢɬɟɬ
©ɤɢɤɨɷª– ©ɫɥɚɜɧɚɹª©ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɚɹª ɟɫɥɢɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɢɬɶɩɨɢɟɪɨɝɥɢɮɚɦɬɨɦɨɠɧɨɩɟɪɟɜɟɫɬɢɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ
©ȼɧɢɦɚɸɳɚɹ ɢ ȼɟɞɚɸɳɚɹ ȼɟɥɢɤɚɹ Ƚɨɫɩɨɠɚª ɩɟɪ ȿ Ȼɚɤɲɟɟɜɚ Ⱦɪɟɜɧɢɯ ɹɩɨɧɫɤɢɯ
ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣɬɚɤɠɟɧɚɡɵɜɚɥɢ©ɨɤɢɦɢª– ©ȼɟɥɢɤɢɣɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɶªɩɨɡɞɧɟɟ– ɱɥɟɧɨɜɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ
ɮɚɦɢɥɢɢɩɪɢɧɰɟɫɫ ɨɞɡɺ ɡɜɚɥɢ©ɨɤɢɦɢɨɧɧɚª ©ȼɟɥɢɤɚɹɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɵɧɹª ɉɨɫɬ Ʉɢɤɨɷ-ɨɝɢɦɢ
ɛɵɥ ɜɜɟɞɟɧ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ȼɬɨɪɚɹ ɞɢɧɚɫɬɢɢ ɋɺ ɫ ɝ ɞɨ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɂɯɚ
Ɏɭɸ ɜɵɫɲɭɸ ɫɬɪɨɱɤɭ ɜ ɬɚɛɟɥɟ ɨ ɪɚɧɝɚɯ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɥɚ ɜɟɪɯɨɜɧɚɹ ɠɪɢɰɚ ɸɠɧɨɝɨ ©ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɚª
ɇɚɧɞɡɚɧ ɫɦ >Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɷɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɹ Ɉɤɢɧɚɜɵ@ Ɍ ɋ ɉɟɪɜɨɣ ȼɟɪɯɨɜɧɚɹ ɠɪɢɰɟɣ
ɤɨɪɨɥɟɜɫɬɜɚɊɸɤɸɜ ɝɫɬɚɥɚɈɬɨɬɢɬɨ-ɧɨɨɦɨɢɤɚɧɷɫɬɚɪɲɚɹɞɨɱɶɤɨɪɨɥɹɋɺɗɧɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ
232
ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɧɟɛɟɫɚɯ ! , - ɀɟɧɳɢɧɵ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɥɢ ɫɜɨɢ ©ɦɚɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢª ɹɩ"' t ɬɟɞɭɯɨɜɧɭɸɫɢɥɭ "ɩɨɞɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦɞɭɯɚɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɧɚɧɢɯɧɢɫɯɨɞɢɥ .
ɉɪɢɷɬɨɦ – ɜɨɬɥɢɱɢɟɨɬɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚɭɱɟɧɵɯɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɫɱɢɬɚɸɬɱɬɨ
ɨɛɪɹɞ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɰɢɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɜ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɠɪɢɰ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɨɛɳɢɧɵ Ɇɢɹɝɢ
ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɱɬɨɬɚɤɚɹɢɧɢɰɢɚɰɢɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚɞɚɠɟɞɥɹɨɛɵɱɧɵɯ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ – ɫɟɦɟɣɧɵɯ - ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɦ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɨɛɪɹɞ'j t ɧɚɨɄɭɞɚɤɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɥɫɹɪɚɡɜɥɟɬ .
əɩɨɧɫɤɢɟ ɷɬɧɨɝɪɚɮɵ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɢ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɢ ɪɨɥɶ " ɜ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟɊɸɤɸɈɩɪɢɪɨɞɟɢɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɢɫɷɞɡɢɭɱɟɧɵɟɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɸɬɞɢɫɤɭɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɞɨɧɚɲɢɯɞɧɟɣɍ Ʌɟɛɪɚɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɱɬɨ©ɷɬɨɫɦɭɬɧɚɹɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ
ɫ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɚɧɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɳɚɹ
ɫɢɥɭ ɨɬɱɭɠɞɚɟɦɭɸ ɨɬ ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ » Ȭɫɢɧɨɛɭ Ɉɬɚ ɩɨɫɜɹɬɢɜɲɢɣ
ɷɬɨɦɭ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɭ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɬɚɬɶɸ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɧɟɭɬɟɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ
ɜɵɜɨɞɭɱɬɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ " ɜɨɨɛɳɟɧɟɩɨɞɞɚɟɬɫɹɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ .
Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɷɞɡɢɦɨɠɧɨɫɜɟɫɬɢɤɞɜɭɦɜɡɚɢɦɨɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɦ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹɦ ɗɬɨ ©ɞɭɯ ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɚª ɢɥɢ ©ɞɭɯɨɜɧɚɹ ɫɢɥɚ
ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɚª ɹɩ "' ⚄㟋 ɧɟɨɬɞɟɥɢɦɚɹɨɬɫɚɦɨɝɨɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ . 2.
ɗɬɨ©ɞɭɯɨɜɧɚɹɫɢɥɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɦɨɳɶ ª ɹɩ"'^ 㟋ຊ ɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɚɹɨɬ
ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɨɬɱɭɠɞɚɟɦɚɹɨɬɧɟɝɨɚɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɚɹɨɤɟɚ
ɧɢɣɫɤɨɣ .
ɉɟɪɜɚɹ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦ ɨɤɢɧɚɜɫɤɢɦ
ɷɬɧɨɝɪɚɮɨɦ ɋɢɦɚɛɭɪɨ Ƚɷɧɫɢɬɢ – ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɥ ɫɜɨɢ
ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɵɧɚɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨɪɸɤɸɫɤɨɝɨɪɢɬɭɚɥɚ &
(࢜࢔ࣛ࢜ࣜ ɛɭɤɜ©ɩɟɪɜɨɟɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟªɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ –
©ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɚª ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɥ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɭ ɜ ɠɪɢɰɭ Ɍɟɪɦɢɧ
– ©ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɚª – ɜɩɪɨɲɥɨɦɫɬɪɨɝɨɨɬɧɨɫɢɥɫɹɬɨɥɶɤɨɤ
ɪɢɬɭɚɥɭ ɢɧɚɭɝɭɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ȼɟɪɯɨɜɧɚɹ ɠɪɢɰɚ ɨɛɪɟɬɚɥɚ ɦɚɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ
ɫɢɥɭ ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɋɷɮɚ-ɭɬɚɤɢ – ɝɥɚɜɧɨɦ ɫɜɹɬɢɥɢɳɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ Ɋɸɤɸ
ȼɬɨɪɨɣɞɢɧɚɫɬɢɢɋɺȼɪɹɞɟɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ©Ɋɸɤɸɫɢɧɬɨ-ɤɢª ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɫɹɱɬɨɩɨɞ
ɧɚɱɚɥɨɦ ȼɟɪɯɨɜɧɨɣ ɠɪɢɰɵ ɛɵɥɚ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɞɜɨɪɧɵɯ
ɠɪɢɰɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɧɚɡɵɜɚɥɢ©ɤɢɦɢª ୕ે୕ྩ©ª– ɡɧɚɱɢɬ©ɦɧɨɝɨªɢɯɦɚɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɨɬɟɧ
ɰɢɢɫɱɢɬɚɥɢɫɶɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦɢɞɥɹɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹɞɢɧɚɫɬɢɢɋɺȼ©Ʉɧɢɝɟɞɥɹɱɢɧɨɜɧɢɰɞɜɨɪɚª
(ࠗ
ࠗዪᐁ࠾ࡉ࠺ࡋ࠘
࠘©ɇɺɤɚɧɨɫɨɫɢª ɝ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣɨɞɧɨɣɢɡɭɩɪɚɜɞɜɨɪɚɋɸɪɢɢɫɨ
ɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣ ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɢɞɜɨɪɧɵɯ ɞɚɦ ɪɢɬɭɚɥɨɜ ɦɨɥɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɬ ɞ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ
ɫɩɢɫɨɤɬɢɬɭɥɨɜɷɬɢɯ©ɤɢɦɢª ɧɚɫɚɦɨɦɞɟɥɟɢɯɛɵɥɨɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟ* "- t W" . ɍɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ. ɋ
M' ^. ɍɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ.
Y=|<3:. Op. cit. Ɋ. {3I:=Y2SFLW3–3
RU=V. &UHDWLQJWKH([SHULHQFHRIWKH6DFUHG(OLWHDQ([DPLQDWLRQRIWKH&RQFHSWRIShiji in
6RXWKHUQ 5\XN\XDQ 5HOLJLRQ &RQWULEXWLRQ WR 6RXWKHDVW $VLDQ HWKQRJUDSK\ 7KH 'HSDUWPHQW RI
6RFLRORJ\1DWLRQDO8QLYRI6LQJDSRUHʋɊ. 111–125.
{3I:=Y. Op. cit. PW" ɍɤɚɡɫɨɱɋ–
233
ɉɨɡɠɟɬɨɬɠɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɫɬɚɥɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɞɥɹɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹɨɛɪɹɞɚɢɧɚɭɝɭ
ɪɚɰɢɢɧɨɜɵɯɠɪɢɰ ɜɨɛɳɢɧɚɯɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨɨ Ɉɤɢɧɚɜɚ
ȼɬɨɪɚɹ ɬɨɱɤɚ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɂɯɚ Ɏɭɸ ɢ ɇɚɤɚɯɚɪɚ Ⱦɡɷɧɬɸ
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɇɚɤɚɯɚɪɚ – ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɟɦɭɚɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɬɭɜɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ Ɉɤɢɧɚɜɵ " – ɷɬɨ "'^ (㟋ຊ ©ɞɭɯɨɜɧɚɹ ɫɢɥɚ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɦɨɳɶ ªɂɨɧɢɂɯɚɎɭɸɫɱɢɬɚɥɢɱɬɨ " ɩɨɞɨɛɧɚɦɟɥɚɧɟɡɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɂɯɚ Ɏɭɸ ɩɨɹɫɧɹɥ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚ " ɱɟɪɟɡ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ "' (ጾ㟋 ©ɜɟɥɢɤɢɣ ɞɭɯª ɉɨ ɇɚɤɚɯɚɪɚ " – ɷɬɨ ɛɟɡɥɢɱɧɚɹ
ɫɜɟɪɯɴɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹɫɢɥɚɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɦɨɝɥɚɨɜɥɚɞɟɜɚɬɶɜɫɟɦɢɠɢɜɵɦɢɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɜɬɨɦɱɢɫɥɟɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ ɢɧɟɠɢɜɵɦɦɢɪɨɦɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɨ
" ɥɟɠɚɥɢ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɜɟɪɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɪɸɤɸɫɰɟɜ ɇɚɤɚɯɚɪɚ
ɩɨɥɚɝɚɥɱɬɨ "ɤɚɤ©ɞɭɯɨɜɧɚɹɫɢɥɚª "'^ 㟋ຊ ɢɦɟɟɬɜɧɟɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɧɟ-ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɭɢɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɟɬɡɚɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɦɢɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɟɟ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɚɧɢɦɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɬɟɪɦɢɧɵɩɪɢɥɨɠɢɦɵɟɤɞɭɯɚɦɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ – ©ɞɭɯɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɚª
ɢɥɢ ©ɞɭɯɨɜɧɚɹ ɫɢɥɚ ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɚª ɹɩ "' ⚄㟋 ©ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɭɯɢª
( "'"' ɢ©ɞɭɯɢɭɫɨɩɲɢɯª ^t^tɨɛɚɩɨɧɹɬɢɹɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹɨɞɧɢɦɢ
ɬɟɦ ɠɟ ɛɢɧɨɦɨɦ ⢭㟋 ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɏɷɫɢɤɢ Ȭɫɢɯɚɪɭ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ "
ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɦɟɥɚɧɟɡɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɛɭɤɜ
©ɠɢɡɧɶª – ©ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚª ©ɫɷɣɦɷɣɝɷɧɪɢª ɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɨɧ ɫɫɵɥɚɟɬɫɹɧɚɩɟɫɧɸʋ ɢɡɬ ©Ɉɦɨɪɨɫɨɫɢªɝɞɟɪɟɱɶɢɞɟɬɨɛ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɇɟɛɟɫɧɨɦ ɦɢɪɟ ! , - ɠɪɢɰɵ ɩɪɢɡɵɜɚɸɬ
©ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɢɥɭª ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɚɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɟɸ ɤɨɪɨɥɹ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɢɦɟɟɬɬɚɤɨɟɠɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɱɬɨɢ " ɜɞɪɭɝɢɯɩɟɫɧɹɯɬɚɤɠɟɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ
ɫɹɨ "ɟɫɬɶɟɳɟ ". – ɋɦɧɢɠɟ ȼ ɩɟɫɧɹɯ ©Ɉɦɨɪɨ ɫɨɫɢª ɮɢɝɭɪɢɪɭɸɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ " "^-" "^--j " ɢɞɪɌɚɤɦɚɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɫɢɥɚ "
ɧɚɪɚɳɢɜɚɥɚ ɜɨɢɧɫɤɭɸ ɦɨɳɶ ©ɢɤɭɫɚª – ɞɪɟɜɧɟɹɩɨɧɫɤɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɨɡɧɚ
ɱɚɸɳɟɟ©ɛɢɬɜɚɜɨɣɧɚɜɨɢɧɚɪɦɢɹª Ⱦɚɥɟɟ^-" " (^-" "
^-" j" ɢɥɢ^- " – ɦɚɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɫɢɥɚɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɥɚ
ɜɥɚɫɬɧɵɟɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɢ ɛɭɤɜ©ɫɷɞɡɢɩɪɚɜɹɳɚɹɦɢɪɨɦª" ɢ
ɜ
ɩɟɫɧɹɯ
ɡɧɚɱɢɥɢ ©ɩɪɚɜɢɬɶ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶª ɹɩ j'- ©ɨɯ
ɪɚɧɹɬɶª ɹɩ kt - ɇɚɤɨɧɟɰ ^--j " ɺ-ɤɚ-ɯɨ ୡᯝሗ ɫɨɜɪ
———————————
€ "ɍɤɚɡɫɨɱɋW" ɍɤɚɡɫɨɱɋ
ɋɥɨɜɨ ©ɢɧɨɬɢª – ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɟ ɫɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɚɡɛɭɤɨɣ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɢɥɢ ɡɧɚɤɨɦ ࿨ –
ɧɟɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɟɫɧɹɯ ©Ɉɦɨɪɨ ɫɨɫɢª ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚ
ɧɢɹɯ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɱɬɨ ɢ ɜ ɹɩɨɧɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ – ©ɠɢɡɧɶª ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
ɬɚɤɨɟɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɤɚɤ©ɫɢɦɚɝɚɢɧɨɬɢª ɛɭɤɜ©ɠɢɡɧɶɨɫɬɪɨɜɚªɬɩɟɫɧɹʋ – ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɚɹ
ɫɢɥɚɜɫɟɣɨɛɳɢɧɵɤɚɤɟɞɢɧɨɝɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ "' "' ' ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸɩɪɟɩɨɞɧɨɫɹɬɤɨɪɨɥɸɌɚɤɢɟ
ɦɚɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹ ɢ ɜ ɚɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ ©Ɇɚɧɴɺɫɸª ɇɚɤɚɯɚɪɚ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɧɟ
ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɩɨ-ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭȼɟɪɯɨɜɧɚɹɠɪɢɰɚɤɚɤj ɧɚɞɟɥɹɟɬɤɨɪɨɥɹɢɜɫɸɫɬɪɚɧɭɞɨɥɝɨ
ɥɟɬɢɟɦ ɹɩj 㛗ஂ W" . ɍɤɚɡɫɨɱɋ
©Ȭ-ɤɚ-ɯɨª ɩɟɫɧɹ ȼ ɩɟɫɧɹɯ ©Ɉɦɨɪɨ ɫɨɫɢª ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɸɬɫɹ ©ɫɷɣ-ɢɤɭɫɚª –
©ɚɪɦɢɹ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɞɭɯɨɦª ©ɫɷɣª ɤɚɤ ɢ ©ɫɷª ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɚɡɛɭɤɨɣ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ ©ɞɭɯª
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ɞɢɚɥ ɸ-ɝɚɮɭɭ ɹɩ ɯɨɧɷɧ ©ɭɪɨɠɚɣɧɵɣ ɝɨɞª ɹɩ ɯɨɞɡɺ ㇏㤨 ɩɥɨɞɨɪɨ
ɞɢɟ ㇏✨ ɢɡɨɛɢɥɢɟ – ɦɚɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɥɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɞɚɪɨɜɚɥɚ ɛɨɝɚɬɫɬɜɨ ɢ
ɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɟɀɪɢɰɵɦɨɥɢɥɢɫɶɱɬɨɛɵɫɢɥɚɫɷɞɡɢ ɜɫɟɯɷɬɢɯɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɜɢɞɨɜɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɥɚɩɪɚɜɹɳɟɦɭɤɨɪɨɥɸ
ȼɩɟɫɧɹɯ©Ɉɦɨɪɨɫɨɫɢªɪɟɱɶɬɚɤɠɟɢɞɟɬɨɧɢɪɭɹɫɷɞɡɢ ɢɤɚɤɭɪɚɫɷɞɡɢ
ɧɢɪɭɹɫɷɬɢ (ɫɷɞɡɢ – ɷɬɨɫɷɞɡɢ ɢɡ ɇɢɪɚɣ-ɤɚɧɚɣ ɂɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɡɚ ɦɨɪɟɦ
ɩɪɢɧɨɫɹɳɚɹɫɱɚɫɬɶɟɢɢɡɨɛɢɥɢɟɤɚɤɭɪɚɫɷɬɢ (ɫɷɞɡɢ – ɫɷɞɡɢ ɢɡɨɛɨɰɭɤɚɝɭɪɚȼɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ ɇɟɛɟɫɧɨɝɨɦɢɪɚ – ɦɟɫɬɨɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɹɛɨɠɟɫɬɜ .
ɋɟɫɬɪɵ-ɨɧɚɪɢ ɦɨɝɥɢɜɛɢɪɚɬɶɜɫɟɛɹɫɢɥɭɫɷɞɡɢ ɢɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɫɹɤɚɦɢ
ɚɡɚɬɟɦɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɬɶɟɟɫɜɨɢɦɛɪɚɬɶɹɦ ɷɤɷɪɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɫɶɢɯɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɢɰɚɦɢɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ©ɛɟɪɟɝɢɧɹɦɢªȼɞɪɟɜɧɢɯɩɟɫɧɹɯɨɦɨɪɨ ɢɜɮɨɥɶɤɥɨ
ɪɟɊɸɤɸɬɚɤɚɹɫɢɥɚɫɷɞɡɢ ɞɢɚɥɫɢɞɡɢɚɬɚɤɠɟɫɷɫɷɣ ɜ©Ɉɦɨɪɨɫɨɫɢª ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɟɬɤɚɤɛɟɡɥɢɱɧɚɹɫɜɟɪɯɴɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹɫɢɥɚɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɹɤɨɛɵɛɵɥɨ
ɩɨɞɜɥɚɫɬɧɨɜɫɟɜɦɢɪɟɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹɷɬɨɣɫɢɥɟɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɢɱɟɦɧɟɩɪɢ
ɦɟɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɥɟɫɨɤ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɥɫɹ ɜ ©ɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɭɸ ɪɨɳɭª
ɫɜɹɬɢɥɢɳɟ ɭɬɚɤɢ ɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ ɤɪɟɫɬɶɹɧɤɢ – ɜ ɠɪɢɰ ɇɚ ɨɏɚɬɷɪɭɦɚ
ɝɪɭɩɩɚəɷɹɦɚ ɜɫɟɞɟɹɧɢɹɛɨɝɨɜ-ɩɪɟɞɤɨɜ ɭɹɚɧɹɩɨɹɝɚɦɢ ɤɚɤɫɱɢɬɚ
ɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɫɭɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɷɬɭ ɫɢɥɭ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɫɬɪɨɜɚɯ ɷɬɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɢɞɟɹ ɫɢɥɵ
ɫɢɞɡɢ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɜɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɟɣɞɥɹɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵɜɫɟɝɨɊɸɤɸɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ
©ɢɡɨɛɢɥɢɹª ɪɸɤɸɫ ɸɸ ɹɩ ɺ ୡ Ɉɬɫɸɞɚ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ ɢ ɫɚɦ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ
©ɫɷɞɡɢª ୡᣢ – ɛɭɤɜ ©ɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɢɡɨɛɢɥɢɟɦª ɢɧɚɱɟ ©ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɦɢ
ɪɨɦª ɜɪɸɤɸɫɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ©ɫɷɞɡɢªɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɢɥɨɫɶɤɚɤ©ɫɢɞɡɢª ȼɩɟɫɧɹɯʋ–ɢɡɬ©Ɉɦɨɪɨɫɨɫɢªɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ©ɤɚɤɭɪɚɬɨɺɬɷ
ɤɚɮɭɫɢª ɹɩ©ɤɚɦɢɞɡɚɬɨɺɧɞɷɝɚɮɭɫɢª©ɜɟɥɢɤɢɟɩɟɫɧɢɦɢɪɚɛɨɝɨɜɤɚ
ɝɭɪɚª ȼɟɪɯɨɜɧɚɹ ɠɪɢɰɚ ɢɦɟɧɭɟɬɫɹ ©ɞɟɜɨɣ ɫ ɦɨɝɭɱɟɣ ɫɢɥɨɣ ɫɷɞɡɢª
(ɫɷɬɚɤɚɤɨɹɩɫɷɞɡɢɞɚɤɢɤɨɛɭɤɜ©ɞɢɬɹɫɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɷɞɡɢª ɬ ɟɞɨɱɟɪɶɸ
ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ©Ʉɢɤɨɷ ɨɤɢɦɢ ɹ ɬɨɺɦɭ ɫɷɬɚɤɚɤɨ ɤɚª ɹɩ Ʉɢɤɨɷ ɨɝɢɦɢ ɝɚ
ɬɨɺɦɭɫɷɞɡɢɞɚɤɢɤɨɝɚ Ɍɟɠɟɧɳɢɧɵɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɢɫɶɠɪɢɰɚɦɢ – ɧɚɥɸɛɨɦɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ
ɭɪɨɜɧɟ – ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɨɫɨɛɨ ©ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɨɣª
©ɫɢɞɡɢ ɬɚɤɚɣ ɭɦɚɪɷª ɗɬɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɢɚ
ɥɟɤɬɟ©ɫɢɞɡɢ-ɞɚɤɚ-ɫɚɣªɢɧɚɱɟ©ɫɢɞɡɢ-ɞɚɤɚ-ɫɚɧª ɹɩ©ɪɷɣɪɺɤɭ-ɞɚɤɚɣª –
©ɫɦɨɳɧɨɣɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɣɫɢɥɨɣªɢɥɢɫ©ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣɯɚɪɢɡɦɨɣª ɬɚɤɠɟ©ɦɦɚɪɢɧ
ɞɚɤɚɫɚɧª ɹɩ ɦɦɚɪɷɞɚɤɚɣ – ɛɭɤɜ ©ɜɵɫɨɤɨ ɪɨɠɞɟɧɧɚɹª ɢɥɢ ©ɤɚɦɢ
ɹɩ©ɫɷɣª⢭ ©ɫɷ-ɢɤɭɫɚª ©ɫɷªɜɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɟɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɨɢɟɪɨɝɥɢɮɨɦ ୡɤɨ
ɬɨɪɵɣ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ-ɹɩɨɧɫɤɢ ©ɺª ɪɸɤɸɫ ©ɸɸª ɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɳɟɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ ©ɢɡɨɛɢɥɢɹª ɧɚ
Ɋɸɤɸ ©ɫɷ-ɢɤɭɫɚ-ɫɷɬɢª ©ɫɷ-ɢɤɭɫɚ-ɫɷɞɡɢª – ©ɦɚɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɥɚ ɞɚɸɳɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɪɦɢɢ
ɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶɩɨɛɟɞɭª
Ɉɇɢɪɚɣ-ɤɚɧɚɣ ɢɸ ɫɦȻɚɤɲɟɟɜȿɋ ©Ɋɟɞɤɢɟ ɝɨɫɬɢª ɢɡ ɂɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ əɩɨɧɢɹ ɩɭɬɶ
ɤɢɫɬɢɢɦɟɱɚʋ ©Ƚɨɫɬɢɢɡɢɧɨɝɨɦɢɪɚªɜ əɩɨɧɢɢɢɧɚɈɤɢɧɚɜɟɈɤɧɨɜəɩɨɧɢɸ(PDLO ɛɸɥɥɟɬɟɧɶ Ɉɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ©Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ–əɩɨɧɢɹª ʋ Ɉɤɧɨ ɧɚ Ɉɤɢɧɚɜɭ ȼɵɩ 85/KWWSZZZUX-MSRUJEDNVKHHYKWP ɞɚɬɚɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ȼɩɨɢɫɤɚɯ©Ȼɨɝɢɧɢɢɡ
ɇɢɢɦɚªɩɨɫɥɟɞɚɦɥɟɝɟɧɞɵ©ɉɨɱɟɦɭɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɥɢɪɨɠɞɚɬɶɫɹɤɪɚɫɚɜɢɰɵª ɑɚɫɬɶ Ʉɨɦɦ )XVKLJL1LSSRQ85/KWWSZZZUX-MSRUJEDNVKHHYKWP ɞɚɬɚɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ .
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ɦɦɚɪɢɧª ɹɩ ɤɚɦɢ ɦɦɚɪɷ – ɛɭɤɜ ©ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɪɨɠɞɟɧɧɚɹª – ©ɪɨ
ɞɢɬɶɫɹɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɣɞɭɯɨɦɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɚªɱɬɨɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɱɬɨɞɚɧɧɚɹɠɟɧ
ɳɢɧɚɦɨɠɟɬɢɞɨɥɠɧɚɫɬɚɬɶɲɚɦɚɧɤɨɣɢɥɢɠɪɢɰɟɣ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɜ ɥɟ
ɝɟɧɞɟɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɣ ɜ Ȭɧɚɛɚɪɭ-ɬɺ ɧɚ ɨɈɤɢɧɚɜɚ ©Ɍɚɣɪɚ-ɤɷ-ɧɨ ɭɤɨɪɭª –
©ɄɭɪɢɥɶɧɢɰɚɞɨɦɚɌɚɣɪɚª©Ɍɚɣɪɚª – ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɚɹɮɚɦɢɥɢɹɧɚɊɸ
ɤɸ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨ ɞɟɜɭɲɤɟ ɪɨɞɢɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɫ ɬɚɤɨɣ ©ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɯɚɪɢɡ
ɦɨɣªɱɬɨɜɫɹɨɤɪɭɝɚ – ɚɞɟɥɨɛɵɥɨɧɨɱɶɸ – ɨɡɚɪɢɥɚɫɶɤɪɚɫɧɵɦɫɜɟɬɨɦ
ɤɚɤɩɪɢɩɨɠɚɪɟ
ȿɫɥɢ ɠɪɢɰɵ ɫɢɥɨɣ ɫɷɞɡɢ ɧɚɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɤɨɪɨɥɹ ɬɨ ɨɧ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɫɹ ©ɩɪɟ
ࢭࢳ຾ࡾ ɚɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ
ɜɨɫɯɨɞɧɵɦª©ɧɟɩɨɛɟɞɢɦɵɦª ©ɫɷɞɡɢɦɚɫɚɪɢªࢭ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɷɬɨɝɨ ©ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɨɫɶª ɹɩ ɚɧɬɷɣ-ɫɭɪɭ Ɏɨɪɦɚɧɬ
©ɫɷɞɡɢª ɯɨɞɢɥ ɜ ɬɧ ɫɢɧɝɨ – ©ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɦɹª ɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɢɬɭɥ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɩɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɥɨɫɶɤɨɪɨɥɸɩɪɢɜɨɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢɧɚɬɪɨɧɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɭ
ɋɺ ɏɚɫɢ – ©ɋɷɞɡɢɞɚɤɚ ɦɚɦɨɧɨª ɛɭɤɜ ©ɋɜɹɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɫɨɛɚ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ
ɫɢɥɨɣ ɫɷɞɡɢª Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɠɪɢɰɵ ɧɚɞɟɥɹɥɢ ɫɢɥɨɣ ɫɷɞɡɢ ɤɨɪɚɛɥɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜ
ɥɹɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɫ ɞɢɩɦɢɫɫɢɟɣ ɜ Ʉɢɬɚɣ ɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ©ɜ ɦɢɪɭª ɧɚɡɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ©Ⱥɪɚɬɨɦɢª ɢɥɢ ©əɪɢɬɨɦɢª ɬɨ ɢɯ ©ɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɟª ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɚ
ɧɨɜɢɥɢɫɶ©ɋɷɞɡɢɚɪɚɬɨɦɢªɢ©ɋɷɣɹɪɢɬɨɦɢª
Ɇɚɧɢɮɟɫɬɚɰɢɹɫɷɞɡɢɤɚɤɠɟɫɢɥɚɫɷɞɡɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ"ȼɨɦɧɨɝɢɯɪɢ
ɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɟɫɧɹɯ ɠɪɢɰ ɨɦɨɪɨ ɫɢɥɚ ɫɷɞɡɢ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɧɟɜɢɞɢɦɚ ɢ
ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶɟɟɦɨɠɧɨɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦɟɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɧɨɜɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɩɟɫɧɹɯɨɦɨɪɨɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯɩɟɫɧɹɯɢɥɟɝɟɧɞɚɯ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɹɯ Ɋɸɤɸ
ɨɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɟɬ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɛɚɛɨɱɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɛɟɥɨɣ ɩɬɢɰɵ ɗɬɚ ɫɢɥɚ ɢɡ ɇɢɪɚɣɤɚɧɚɣ ɬɚɤɠɟɭɝɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɩɨɜɫɩɥɟɫɤɭɪɵɛɵɜɦɨɪɟɪɚɡɜɟɜɚɸɳɢɦɫɹɧɚ
ɜɟɬɪɭɨɞɟɠɞɚɦɩɪɢɧɟɫɟɧɧɨɦɭɜɨɥɧɚɦɢɞɟɪɟɜɭɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣɪɨɫɟ
©Ɇɨɪɫɤɢɟªɩɟɫɧɢɜ©Ɉɦɨɪɨɫɨɫɢª ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɞɪɟɜɧɹɹɩɟɫɧɹʋ ɤɚɤɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɭɱɟɧɵɟɢɫɩɨɥɧɹɥɢɫɶɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɧɨɱɧɵɯɪɢɬɭɚ
ɥɨɜ ɩɨɸɳɢɟ ɢɯ ɠɪɢɰɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɥɢ ɲɚ
ɦɚɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɢɯ ɞɚɠɟ ɩɪɹɦɨ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ©ɲɚɦɚɧɤɚ
ɦɢª ɜɩɚɞɚɥɢɜɬɪɚɧɫɢɥɢɢɦɢɬɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɟɝɨɞɥɹɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɛɵ©ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɨ
ɜɚɬɶª ɫɜɨɸ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɭɸ ɫɢɥɭ ɫɷɞɡɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɛɟɪɟɠɟɬ ɤɨɪɚɛɥɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜ
ɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹɜɨɩɚɫɧɵɣɩɭɬɶ
©ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟªɩɟɫɧɢɜ©Ɉɦɨɪɨɫɨɫɢªɦɨɝɥɢɛɵɬɶɱɚɫɬɶɸɪɢɬɭɚɥɨɜ
ɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɢɹɦɟɫɬɚɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɜɩɟɫɧɟʋ – ɩɨɪɬɚɇɚ
ɯɚɚɜɩɟɫɧɟʋ – ɡɚɦɤɚɋɸɪɢɉɪɢɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢɠɪɢɰɚɦɢɷɬɢɯɩɟɫɟɧ
ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɟɳɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɨɹɥɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɭɠɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɨɡɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɧɟɜɢɞɢɦɨɦ ɂɧɨɦ ɦɢɪɟ ɢ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɹ
ɥɢɫɶ ©ɡɚɪɹɠɚɥɢɫɶª ɫɷɞɡɢ ɢɥɢɢɧɨɣɦɚɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɢɥɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɫɭɷ ɋɷɞɡɢ ɧɚɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɜɨɢɯɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɢɰ – ɨɧɚɪɢ – ɧɟɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢ
ɥɨɣɜɥɟɝɟɧɞɟɫɨɄɭɪɨɫɢɦɚ ɝɪɭɩɩɚəɷɹɦɚ ɫɟɫɬɪɚɨɞɧɨɣɪɭɤɨɣɩɨɞɧɹ
ɥɚɤɨɪɚɛɥɶɟɟɛɪɚɬɚɬɟɪɩɹɳɢɣɛɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ
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Ɍɚɤɚɯɚɫɢ Ʉɷɣɤɨ Ɉɤɢɧɚɜɚ-ɧɨ ɭɝɚɧ ɤɨɬɨɛɚ ɞɡɢɬɷɧ >Ɍɨɥɤɨɜɵɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɨɛɪɹɞɨɜɨɣ ɬɟɪ
ɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɢɈɤɢɧɚɜɵ@ɇɚɯɚɋ–
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ɏɨɬɹ ɤɭɥɶɬ ɨɧɚɪɢ-ɝɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɨɛɳɟɦɭ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɹɩɨɧɫɤɢɯ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ ɧɟ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɨ-ɜɨɜ Ɇɢɹɤɨ ɷɬɢ ɜɟɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɲɥɢ ɫɜɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ
ɮɨɥɶɤɥɨɪɧɨɣ ©ɉɟɫɧɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɹ ɜ ɩɭɬɢª ©Ɍɚɛɢ ɩɚɢ ɧɭ ɚɝɭª
WDE]ʀSDLQX DJX ɞɜɚɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɇ Ⱥ ɇɟɜɫɤɢɣɡɚɩɢɫɚɥɧɚɆɢɹɤɨ
ɢɩɟɪɟɜɟɥɧɚɪɭɫɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤ ȼɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɹɯɤɩɟɫɧɢ ɇɟɜɫɤɢɣɢɡɥɚɝɚ
ɟɬɦɢɮɨɞɜɭɯɪɢɮɚɯɨɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɧɵɯɩɨɞɜɢɞɨɦɛɪɚɬɚɢɫɟɫɬɪɵɢɫɨ
ɨɛɳɚɟɬɨɬɨɦɱɬɨɠɢɬɟɥɢɞɟɪɟɜɟɧɶɄɚɪɢɦɚɬɚɢɋɢɦɚɞɡɢɪɢɧɚɨ Ɇɢɹɤɨ
ɨɬɩɪɚɜɥɹɥɢɫɶɜɦɨɪɟɫɩɟɧɢɟɦɷɬɨɣɩɟɫɧɢɨɛɜɹɡɚɜɝɨɥɨɜɭɩɨɜɹɡɤɚɦɢɜ
ɱɟɫɬɶ©ɛɨɝɢɧɢ-ɫɟɫɬɪɵªɛɭɧɚɣɝɚɦ ɹɩɨɧɚɪɢ-ɝɚɦɢ 51ȼɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɯɩɟɫ
ɧɹɯ ɤɚɦɢɭɬɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɧɚ ɨɄɭɪɢɦɚ ɨ-ɜɚ Ɇɢɹɤɨ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɤɚ ɹɦɚɫɭ ɩɭɧɚɤɚ -ɣ ɦɟɫɹɰ ɥɭɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɹ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɛɨɝɨɜ
ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹɬɡɚɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣɛɨɝɚɬɵɣɭɪɨɠɚɣ ɢ ɢɫɩɪɚɲɢɜɚɸɬ ɭɪɨɠɚɣ ɧɚ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣɝɨɞɦɨɥɹɬɫɹɬɚɤɢɦɠɟɛɨɝɚɦɱɬɨɢɜ©ɉɟɫɧɢɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɹ
ɜɩɭɬɢªɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɣɇɟɜɫɤɢɦɫɪɟɞɢɧɢɯɢ©ɛɨɝɢɧɹ-ɫɟɫɬɪɚªɪɢɮɚ Ɏɭɞ
ɡɢɧɭɤɚɦ ———————————
ɋɦɇɟɜɫɤɢɣɇȺɎɨɥɶɤɥɨɪɨɫɬɪɨɜɨɜɆɢɹɤɨɋɉɛɋ––
51
Ɍɚɦɠɟɋ
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Иллюстрации к статье Е.С. Бакшеева
«Из основ традиционной культуры Рюкю:
культ «сестры-богини» (онари-гами おなり神) и магическая сила сэдзи (世持)»
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Эпоха Нара, бронза, высота фигуры Якуси 254.7 см.,
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