BIOLOGY
2019-2020
1. The diagram demonstrates the computerized version of different types of blood
cells.
What are the names of blood cells (a,b,c,d) shown in the image from the
microscope?
ASSESSMENT EXAMINATION
2. Which of the following best illustrates homeostasis?
A) Most adult humans are between 5 and 6 feet tall.
B) All the cells of the body belonging to the same tissue are about the same size and
shape.
C) When the salt concentration of the blood goes up, the kidneys expel more salt.
D) When oxygen in the blood decreases, you feel dizzy.
3. Not a function of the circulatory system in the human body is to:
A) transport substances
B) transport hormones
C) regulate glandular activity
D) regulate body temperature
4. How do the structures of the lungs, small intestine, and kidneys relate to the
function of exchange with the environment?
A) All three organs have a huge number of structures (extensions or tubules) to
increase the surface area.
B) All three organs are used to filter and clean the blood by removing metabolic
waste products like CO2 and water to maintain homeostasis.
C) None of these organs are controlled by neither nervous system nor endocrine
system.
D) All of these organs involve both positive and negative feedback thus are efficient
in taking materials from outside into the body.
5. What does serum contain?
A)
B)
C)
D)
a
Eosinophil
Monocyte
Neutrophil
Neutrophil
b
Erythrocyte
Platelet
Erythrocyte
Erythrocyte
c
Monocyte
Lymphocyte
Lymphocyte
Basophil
d
Macrophage
Eosinophil
Basophil
Platelet
Have
A) Blood cells, fibrinogen, globulins, nutrients, minerals
B) Nutrients, minerals, globulin, hormones
C) Prothrombin, blood cells, nutrients
D) Hormones, nutrients, fibrinogen, minerals
Don’t have
Albumin
Fibrinogen
Hormones
Prothrombin
BIOLOGY
2019-2020
6. How does smoking increase the risk of developing atherosclerosis?
A) by damaging artery walls
B) by decreasing blood pressure
C) by increasing the risk of blood clotting
D) by reducing the oxygen supply to cardiac muscle
7. Which of the following organs have cilia and mucus for non-specific immunity?
(sizes are not in scale)
ASSESSMENT EXAMINATION
8. What is the cause of swelling of lymph nodes in the armpits or neck during
infection?
A) Lymph nodes increase in size due to the rapid process of mitosis of their cells.
B) They absorb more liquid from interstitial fluid.
C) They are filled with a huge number of white blood cells and infectious agents.
D) During infection, they don’t actually swell but just move towards the skin which
creates an image of swelling.
9. A major function of the lymphatic system is __________.
A) distribution of nutrients
B) circulation of blood
C) gas distribution
D) osmotic homeostasis
Questions 10 and 11 are according to the diagram below.
A)
C)
B)
D)
* Bonus question (1 pts.): Explain why? …………………………………………
10. The blood vessel (X) carrying
blood from intestines to the liver is
a/an …… and contain …… blood.
A) hepatic artery / oxygen-poor
blood
B) renal artery / oxygenated blood
C) portal vein / oxygen-rich blood
D) hepatic vein / deoxygenated
blood
Head and neck
Lungs
RA
LA
RV
LV
Liver
11. Assume that every arrow is one artery
or vein. How many of them have
thick tunica media that enables
them to be more elastic?
A) 4 B) 6 C) 8 D) 10
X
Stomach/Intestines
Kidneys
Diagram: double circulation of the human body
BIOLOGY
2019-2020
12. What lymphatic structure absorbs lipids in the intestine?
A) Lymphatic trunk
B) Vein
C) Lymphatic duct
D) Lacteal
13. The diagram shows the changes in blood pressure as blood flows through the blood
vessels in the human systemic circulatory system.
ASSESSMENT EXAMINATION
14. A graft of tissue, such as skin, from a different person, is usually rejected by the
body. Which statement about graft rejection is correct?
A) The graft is rejected by B-lymphocytes because they make and release antibodies
that react with the surface antigens on the graft cells.
B) The graft is rejected by B-lymphocytes because T-lymphocytes are not
stimulated to produce antibodies.
C) The graft is rejected by T-lymphocytes because the graft tissue causes Tlymphocytes to release antibodies.
D) The graft is rejected by T-lymphocytes because they circulate in the blood and
can gather at the graft site.
15. The diagram shows the pressure changes in various structures of the right side of the
heart during the cardiac cycle.
Which one correctly identifies the vessels labeled from P to S?
A)
B)
C)
D)
P
Artery
Arteriole
Artery
Venule
Q
Capillary
Artery
Arteriole
Capillary
R
Arteriole
Venule
Capillary
Arteriole
S
Venule
Capillary
Venule
Artery
Which structures are represented by the letters X, Y, and Z?
A)
B)
C)
D)
X
Pulmonary artery
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Right ventricle
Y
Right atrium
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary artery
Right atrium
Z
Right ventricle
Right ventricle
Right atrium
Pulmonary artery
BIOLOGY
2019-2020
16. Which statement about both B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes is correct?
A) They become active only when a specific antibody binds to their surface
receptor.
B) They divide to form clones when meeting an antitoxin in a cell.
C) They produce memory cells to respond to an antigen when exposed in the
future.
D) They release hormone-like cytokines that stimulate the release of antibodies.
Questions 17 and 18 are according to the diagram below.
ASSESSMENT EXAMINATION
18. Fibrinogen proteins are labeled with ….
A) W
B) S
C) A
D) D
19. (PISA 2015) A new technology, called
adjustable glasses, has been developed to help
people without access to eye doctors to correct
their vision. The lenses of these glasses contain
fluid. The shape of the lens changes as the
amount of fluid in the lens is adjusted.
Injury of blood vessel
The idea of adjustable lenses is not new. The human eye also has a lens that is
adjustable. The eye’s lens is adjusted by muscle action. Why is it important for
the eye’s lens to change shape?
Preliminary steps in clotting
W
Prothrombinase
S
A
D
+
Blood cells and plasma
Clot
17. What is the function of prothrombinase enzyme in blood clotting?
A) Converts fibrinogen proteins into fibrin fibers
B) Converts active thrombin into inactive prothrombin
C) Converts fibrin fibers into fibrinogen proteins
D) Converts inactive prothrombin into active thrombin
A) To facilitate seeing objects that have different brightness
B) To facilitate seeing objects that have different colors
C) To facilitate seeing objects that are at different distances
D) To facilitate seeing objects that are in different sizes
BIOLOGY
2019-2020
20. Which of the following are part of the nonspecific, second line of defense?
A) Cytotoxic T cells
B) B cells
C) Skin
D) Macrophages
ASSESSMENT EXAMINATION
22. Analyzing the diagram above, label X in
the diagram on the right.
A) Antigen
B) Antibody
C) Globulin
D) Interferon
Questions 21, 22, and 23 are according to the diagram below.
23. Give an alternative name for the cell
labeled phagocyte.
A) Infected cell
B) Macrophage
C) Cytotoxic T cell D) Helper T cell
24. Vaccination is:
Natural
immunity
Artificial
immunity
Active immunity
A
B
Passive immunity
C
D
25. The following structures are found in the walls of the gas exchange system.
21. What kind of immunity is illustrated in the diagram?
1 capillaries
4 goblet cells
Antibody-mediated
Cell-mediated
Non-specific
A
B
Specific
C
D
2 cilia
3 elastic fibres
5 smooth muscle cells
Which would be found in the lining of an alveolus?
A) 1 and 3
B) 1, 2 and 3
C) 2 and 5
D) 4 and 5
BIOLOGY
2019-2020
26. Which substance in tobacco smoke decreases the oxygen-carrying capacity of
hemoglobin?
A) A carbon dioxide
B) Carbon monoxide
C) Nicotine
D) Tar
Questions 27, 28, and 29 are according to the diagram below.
The following graph shows the volume changes that occurred in the lungs of a
person during breathing while at rest.
ASSESSMENT EXAMINATION
30. Which statements about a non-infectious disease may be correct?
1 It can result from a mutation.
2 It can be transmitted by an insect vector.
3 It can be transmitted from mother to child.
A) 1, 2 and 3
C) 1 and 3 only
B) 1 and 2 only
D) 2 and 3 only
31. The symptoms of the two diseases are listed.
Disease 1
Coughing up blood
Pain when breathing
Loss of weight
Disease 2
Shortness of breath
Difficulty breathing out
Fatigue
Which row identifies diseases 1 and 2?
27. From the graph, calculate the rate of breathing of this person (approximately).
A) 24
B) 17
C) 15
D) 10
28. What is the tidal volume of this person?
A) 480 cm3
B) 0.40 cm3
3
C) 400 cm
D) 0.48 cm3
29. Does this person have serious emphysema? A) Yes B) No
* Bonus question (1 pts.): Explain why? …………………………………………
A)
B)
C)
D)
Disease 1
Chronic bronchitis
Emphysema
Lung cancer
Lung cancer
Disease 2
Emphysema
Lung cancer
Chronic bronchitis
Emphysema
32. At high altitudes, the oxygen content of the air maybe a third of that at sea level. As
a person climbs a mountain, their body gradually adjusts to the high altitude. What
is increased during this period of adjustment?
A) The concentration of hemoglobin in the red blood cells increases
B) The oxygen-carrying capacity of the hemoglobin increases
C) The number of red blood cells per mm3 of blood increases
D) The rate at which hemoglobin releases oxygen to the tissues increases
BIOLOGY
2019-2020
33. ____ are needed in the diet as components of teeth and bone, normal muscle
and nerve function, water balance, and parts of certain enzymes.
A) Starches
B) Fats
C) Minerals
D) Nucleic acids
34. (18th IBO, Canada 2007) The graph below shows the result of the blood glucose
test from a diabetes patient.
When tested 3 hours after having a carbohydrate-rich meal, the blood glucose level
of this patient was 3 times higher than that of a normal individual. However, there
was no difference in the level of insulin in the blood between the two individuals.
Which of the following could be the reason for diabetic symptoms in this
patient?
A) Degradation of pancreatic beta-islets cells.
B) Degradation of pancreatic alpha-islets cells.
C) Abnormal proliferation of pancreatic beta islet cells.
D) Reduced sensitivity of insulin-receptor mediated signal transduction.
ASSESSMENT EXAMINATION
Questions 35 and 36 are according to the information below.
(PISA 2006) Bacteria that live in our mouths cause dental caries (tooth decay).
Caries has been a problem since the 1700s when sugar became available from the
expanding sugar cane industry.
Today, we know a lot about caries. For example:
 Bacteria that cause caries feed on sugar.
 The sugar is transformed to acid.
 Acid damages the surface of teeth.
 Brushing teeth helps to prevent caries.
35. What is the role of bacteria in dental caries?
A) Bacteria produce enamel.
B) Bacteria produce sugar.
C) Bacteria produce minerals.
D) Bacteria produce acid.
36. The following graph shows the consumption of sugar and the amount of caries in
different countries. Each country is represented by a dot in the graph:
(on the next page)
BIOLOGY
2019-2020
ASSESSMENT EXAMINATION
39. Which one of the following organs of the digestive system does NOT produce
any secretions that aid in digestion?
A) Large intestine
B) Small intestine
C) Stomach
E) Liver
40. In response to dehydration, ADH is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. One
of its effects is to stimulate:
A) a reduction in the glomerular filtration rate
B) an increase in the number of aquaporins in the cell membranes of collecting duct
cells
C) an increase in the uptake of water by cells in the proximal convoluted tubules of
nephrons
D) an increase in the volume of urine produced by the kidneys
Which one of the following statements is supported by the data given in the
graph?
A) In some countries, people brush their teeth more frequently than in other
countries.
B) The more sugar people eat, the more likely they are to get caries.
C) In recent years, the rate of caries has increased in many countries.
D) In recent years, the consumption of sugar has increased in many countries.
37. Where does ptyalin come from?
A) liver
C) small intestine
B) salivary glands
D) stomach
38. The acidic stomach is divided from the basic duodenum by special smooth
muscle controlling the passage of chyme from stomach to duodenum is called:
A) pyloric sphincter
B) esophageal sphincter
C) aortic sphincter
D) duodenal valve
41. Most of our nitrogen-containing waste products are a result of ____________.
A) drug use
B) consumption of foods high in nitrates, such as green vegetables
C) protein metabolism
D) the body's attempts to maintain pH homeostasis
42. Which one is an example of positive feedback?
A) Control of calcium level in the blood by calcitonin and parathormone
B) Regulation of glucose level in the blood by insulin and glucagon
C) Control of water balance in the blood by vasopressin (ADH)
D) Regulation of uterus muscles during birth by oxytocin
* Bonus question (1 pts.): Explain why? …………………………………………
BIOLOGY
2019-2020
ASSESSMENT EXAMINATION
46. Which one is correct about X and Y blood vessels in the diagram?
Questions 43, 44, and 45 are according to the table below.
The table shows the concentration of some compounds in the blood plasma,
filtrate, and urine.
Compounds
Concentration / g 100 cm-3
Blood plasma entering
Filtrate in the renal
glomerulus
capsule
Urine in collecting
duct
Water
90.0
90.0
96.0
Proteins
8.0
0.0
0.0
Glucose
0.1
0.1
0.0
Urea
0.03
0.03
2.0
43. These concentrations of different compounds are the results of processes
happening in the ….
A) liver
B) urinary bladder
C) nephron
D) small intestine
44. Find a false analysis of the data in the table.
A) The concentration of urea in the urine is increased because in the secretion
phase, urea is secreted from blood to collecting duct.
B) The concentration of urea in the urine is increased because water is reabsorbed
during the reabsorption phase making it more concentrated in the urine.
C) Proteins are not filtrated because of their larger sizes.
D) Amino acid concentration in the urine would be similar to the glucose
concentration due to reabsorption.
45. Which one is false about glucose according to the table?
A) Glucose has a small size.
B) Glucose is filtered.
C) Glucose is fully reabsorbed.
D) The person has diabetes.
A)
X
Afferent arteriole with large diameter
Y
Afferent venule with small diameter
B)
Afferent arteriole with large diameter
Efferent arteriole with small diameter
C)
Efferent arteriole with small diameter
Afferent venule with small diameter
D) Efferent venule with large diameter
Efferent arteriole with small diameter
47. The human kidneys process 1200 cm3 of blood every minute. This 1200 cm3 of
blood contains 700 cm3 of plasma. As blood passes through the glomeruli of the
kidneys, 125 cm3 of fluid passes into the renal capsules (Bowman's capsules). This
fluid is called the glomerular filtrate and is produced by a process called
ultrafiltration. Calculate the percentage of plasma that passes into the renal
capsules.
A) 100%
B) 58.3%
C) 17.9%
D) 10.4%
BIOLOGY
Input
2019-2020
Receptor
Control
unit
Effector
Output
48. In the diagram how homeostasis of sugar is controlled by nervous and hormonal
mechanisms is shown. Assume that INPUT is "the person has not eaten food for a
long time". What process fits to an arrow between EFFECTOR and OUTPUT?
A) Nerve endings detect the imbalance of sugar in the blood
B) Liver cells are activated by glucagon hormone
C) Secretion of glucagon hormone
D) Liver and muscle cells secrete insulin hormone
49. Digestion is the ….
A) absorption of nutrients suspended in water.
B) conversion of glycogen to glucose.
C) breakdown of food into molecules small enough for the body to absorb.
D) churning of food in the stomach and intestine
50. Find the odd one in terms of sugar amount in the blood!
A) Adrenalin
B) Glucagon
C) Insulin
D) Cortisol
51. During which of the following stages of food processing is undigested material
removed from the digestive tract?
A) absorption of digested materials B) elimination of non-metabolic wastes
C) excretion of metabolic wastes
D) ingestion of organic matters
ASSESSMENT EXAMINATION
52. How are hormones distributed to tissues, and what determines which cells
hormones will affect?
A) They are carried throughout the body in the bloodstream, and each hormone
affects target cells that have receptors for it.
B) They are carried to specific organs by lymphatic vessels and affect the cells in
those organs.
C) They are delivered by neurosecretory cells to specific tissues and affect the cells
in those tissues.
D) They are distributed locally in the interstitial fluid and affect nearby responsive
target cells.
53. Which of the following endocrine glands synthesizes melatonin?
A) pineal
B) adrenal cortex
C) thyroid
D) skin
54. Which of the following may be a consequence of low secretion of parathyroid
hormone?
A) Convulsive contractions of skeletal muscles
B) Gigantism
C) Exhaustion of the immune system
D) Loss of calcium from the bone
55. The Integumentary System protects the human body from ….
A) friction
B) hot and cold temperature
C) bacteria
D) All of the answers are correct.
BIOLOGY
2019-2020
ASSESSMENT EXAMINATION
58. Which part of the hair is used in the forensic investigation?
56. Two enzymes are used in the dipstick strips to test the glucose level.
𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 + 𝑂𝑂2 �⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯� 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝐻𝐻2 𝑂𝑂2 and
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
 2𝐻𝐻2 𝑂𝑂2 �⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯� 2𝐻𝐻2 𝑂𝑂 + 𝑂𝑂2
Which molecule in peroxidase reaction reacts with colorless hydrogen donor to
form colored compounds?
A) Hydrogen peroxide
B) Peroxidase
C) Water
D) Oxygen
A) Hair shaft
B) Hair bulb
* Bonus question (1 pts.): Explain why? …………………………………………
57. The phenomenon, known as “goosebumps”, is often combined with shivering to
reduce heat loss. What integumentary layer is most directly related to this reflex?
A) Papillary dermis only
B) Papillary and reticular dermis
C) Epidermis, papillary dermis, and reticular dermis
D) Reticular dermis only
59. Identify this tissue type on the right.
A) Osseous tissue
B) Skeletal muscle tissue
C) Cardiac muscle tissue
D) Loose connective tissue
60. Which of the following structures constitutes part of the axial skeleton?
A) skull
B) pelvic girdle
C) pectoral girdle
D) leg bones
BIOLOGY
2019-2020
ASSESSMENT EXAMINATION
65. Find the tissue type which has the following functions:
 Produce hormones (leptin, estrogen, cytokine) – regulation function
 Store energy – storage function
 Heat the body – thermogenesis function
A)
B)
C)
D)
61. What kind of metabolic bone disease (bottom), compared with the healthy one,
is shown in the picture?
A) Osteoporosis
B) Rickets
C) Osteochondroma
D) Arthritis
62. An important function of the bones in the skeleton is to ….
A) provide a source of ATP
B) generate hormones
C) add weight
D) support the body
63. Which part of a bone contains mostly stored fat?
A) Red bone marrow
B) Fibrous connective tissue
C) Spongy bone
D) Yellow bone marrow
64. Which part of a bone contains the cells that produce blood cells?
A) compact bone
B) cartilage
C) spongy bone
D) yellow bone marrow
* Bonus question (1 pts.): Explain why? …………………………………………
66. (11th IBO, Turkey 2000) A nerve-skeletal muscle isolated preparation is placed
in a 𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝟐𝟐+ -free medium appropriate for its survival. If the nerve is electrically
stimulated, which of the following events will occur?
A) The muscle will not be stimulated
B) The muscle will be stimulated but will not contract
C) The muscle will be both stimulated and contract
D) The muscle may be stimulated and may contract but it will not relax
BIOLOGY
67. Osteoporosis is characterized by ….
A) hairline cracks in long bones, such as the femur
B) low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue
C) low phosphate levels in bone
D) lack of vitamin E in bone tissue
2019-2020
ASSESSMENT EXAMINATION
72. The electron micrograph shows parts of some myofibrils in a striated muscle that is
in a relaxed state.
68. Muscles are connected to bones by ….
A) cartilage
B) ligaments
C) tendons
D) myofibrils
69. Skeletal muscles ….
A) are found in and around internal organs
B) get longer when they contract
C) work in antagonistic pairs
D) push on bones to make them move
70. Which of the following statements is correct about what happens during
flexion?
A) The angle between bones is increased
B) The angle between bones is decreased
C) The bone moves away from the body
D) The bone moves toward the center of the body
71. Why does rigor mortis (postmortem rigidity) happen?
A) Not enough calcium to expose the binding sites to myosin heads
B) Not enough ATP to bind myosin heads to the binding sites of actin
C) Not enough calcium to detach heads from the binding sites of actin
D) Not enough ATP to detach myosin heads to the binding sites of actin
How many muscle fibers are there in the diagram?
A) 1
B) 3
C) 5
D) 7
73. For what ATP is used in muscular contraction?
A) ATP activates synaptic vesicles to carry acetylcholine molecules to the edge of the
presynaptic cell membrane
B) ATP activates the tropomyosin to expose the bind sites of actin to myosin heads
C) ATP helps myosin heads to attach to the binding sites of actin.
D) ATP helps myosin heads to detach from the binding sites of actin.
74. Difficulty in distinguishing red from green is most likely due to a defect in
certain ….
A) rod cells
B) cone cells
C) lens cells
D) cornea cells
BIOLOGY
2019-2020
75. Here are two myelinated and two unmyelinated neuron axons with different radii.
All axons are at the same temperature. Which one has the lowest speed of
impulse?
A
B
C
D
myelin sheet
ASSESSMENT EXAMINATION
79. The figure shows the changes in potential difference across the membrane of a
neuron over a period of time. The membrane was stimulated at time A and time B
with stimuli of different intensities. Stimulus B resulted in action potential, but
stimulus A not.
myelin sheet
76. Brain is located in the ……… cavity.
A) cranial
B) thoracic
C) abdominal
D) medullary
77. In which order are the neurons activated during a
reflex for a painful stimulus?
A) Motor neuron  sensory neuron  brain
B) Sensory neuron  interneuron  motor neuron
C) Motor neuron  brain  sensory neuron
D) Sensory neuron  motor neuron  interneuron
78. A person born without otoliths in the ears would be ….
A) totally deaf
B) unable to determine the rate of motion of the head
C) unable to determine the position of the head with respect to gravity
D) hearing-impaired, but not totally deaf
What happens during E on a stimulated neuron by B stimulus?
A) Depolarization (Na ions enter to neuron by Na voltage-gated channels)
B) Repolarization (K ions diffuse out from neuron by K voltage-gated channels)
C) Hyperpolarization (more K ions diffuse out of the neuron by K voltage-gated
channels)
D) Polarization (Na ions move back to neuron and K ions move back to tissue fluid
by Na-K pumps in active transport)
BIOLOGY
2019-2020
80. Our organs of taste, smell, and hearing are, respectively, ….
A) chemoreceptor, chemoreceptor, and mechanoreceptor
B) proprioceptor, chemoreceptor, and mechanoreceptor
C) proprioceptor, chemoreceptor, and free nerve ending
D) chemoreceptor, chemoreceptor, and free nerve ending
81. Nociceptors are ….
A) pain receptors
C) radiation receptors
B) light receptors
D) taste receptors
82. The term "gustation" explicitly refers to which sense?
A) Touch
B) Taste
C) Hearing
D) Smell
ASSESSMENT EXAMINATION
TOEFL SHORT READINGS
Is Tea Beneficial
Tea had a reputation for being both safe and almost always beneficial. However,
scientists are now suggesting that tea may not be as safe as we had previously believed.
Tea contains caffeine, and caffeine has been linked to sleeplessness and to the
unpleasant jumpy feeling some people get when stressed. More seriously, there is a
link between miscarriages, and pregnant women are advised to reduce their intake of
tea until after their baby is born. Due to its critical side-effects, some people who like
tea choose to be safer and drink a beverage from which the caffeine has been removed,
decaffeinated tea, but many claims that it simply doesn't taste right. The reasonable
thing to do is probably moderation; continue to enjoy a cup of tea, but don't have
too many!
83. As it is pointed out in the passage, tea used to be considered to be ….
A) having no damaging effect on people's health
B) beneficial in moderation
C) more dangerous than alcohol
D) causing jumpy feeling if drunk excessively
84. According to the passage, tea can be dangerous because it ….
A) causes people to suffer from stress more than ever
B) makes all drinkers nervous and unable to sleep
C) reduces miscarriages if it is drunk too much by a pregnant woman
D) may bring about many illnesses that cannot be cured easily
85. The writer points out that the best solution is to drink ….
A) decaffeinated tea
B) instant coffee
C) tea in moderation
D) other beverages like hot chocolate
BIOLOGY
2019-2020
Active Passive Smoking
Psychologist George Spilich at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland,
decided to find out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to think and
concentrate. He put non-smokers, active smokers, and smokers deprived of cigarettes
through a series of tests. In the first test, each subject sat before a computer screen
and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter. In this simple test,
smokers, deprived smokers and non-smokers performed equally well. The next test
was more complex. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine,
active smokers were faster than deprived smokers. In the third test of short-term
memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed
fewer errors than active smokers. In the fourth test, non-smokers were the best and
deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. As the
tests became more complex, non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider
and wider margins.
86. It is pointed out in the passage that the purpose of George Spilich's experiments
is ….
A) to test whether smoking has a positive effect on the mental capacity of smokers
B) to show how smoking damages people's mental capacity
C) to prove that smoking affects people's regular performance
D) to show that non-smokers are less productive at work than smokers
87. We understand from the passage that ….
A) active smokers in general performed better than deprived smokers
B) active smokers responded more quickly than the other subjects in all tests
C) the other subjects were not better than nonsmokers in the simplest test
D) deprived smokers gave the slowest responses to the various tasks
88. George Spilich's experiment was conducted in such a way as to ….
A) check the effectiveness of nicotine on nonsmokers
B) put the subjects through increasingly complex tests
C) finish the tests as quickly as possible
D) force the subjects to recall the words they learned
ASSESSMENT EXAMINATION