SCENARIO
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SCENARIO
FIRE
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Collective
Behavior
Mariano Marcos State University
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Laoag City
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Social
Behavior
Unorganized
patterns of social
interaction
Anonymity
Social
Process or
events
Temporary
COLLECTIVE
BEHAVIOR
Non-routine
actions
Unpredictable
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CHARACTERISTICS OF
COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR
• Collective behavior is temporary in nature
and is entirely an unplanned one.
• This type of behavior is not regulated by
any set of rules or procedures.
• Since this behavior is not bound by any
defined norms, it becomes unpredictable.
• Anonymity encourages them to behave in
an irresponsible manner.
• It is an unusual event.
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A THEORY OF COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR
• Neil Smelser (1962).
• Smelser argues that collective
behavior is essentially an attempt
by people
to alter
their
environment particularly
when
they are under conditions of
uncertainty, threat or strain.
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DIFFICULTIES INVOLVED IN THE STUDY
OF COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR
• unstructured.
• Occurs as a spontaneous outburst.
• It has a very wide range of
meaning, in which we find a lot of
variance.
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VARIETIES OF
COLLECTIVE
BEHAVIOR
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RUMORS
Often viewed as "an unverified account or
explanation of events circulating from
person to person and pertaining to an
object, event, or issue in public concern"
(p. 33)
A rumor maybe true, false or a
combination of truth and falsehood.
Rumors have three basic characteristics
- they're transmitted by word of mouth
- they provide "information" about a
person, happening, or condition
- they express and gratify the emotional
needs of the community
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RUMORS
Rumors normally rise in
situations where people are
deprived of information or
where they do not trust the
official information they are
given.
Rumors are believed and
spread because people need
and like them. (Horton and
hunt)
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FASHION
Fashions
are
currently
accepted
styles
of
appearance and behavior.
In
modern
complex
societies, fashions are not
only
rampant but also
change very rapidly.
A new fashion is generally
more likely to be accepted if
it does not differ too much
from existing fashion.
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FADS
“A fad is a trivial, short lived
variation in speech, decoration,
or behavior.”
Fads differ from fashion in that
they are more temporary.
A fad often provides a means of
asserting personal identity.
When a fad become wide
spread, it loses its charm.
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MASS HYSTERIA
A type of diffused (wide spread)
collective mass behavior.
It takes place when a potentially
destructive or threatening event
causes
a widespread, highly
emotional fear.
a state of mind, one of
unmanageable fear or emotional
excesses.
The term also occurs in the phrase
mass hysteria to describe mass
public near-panic reactions.
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PANIC
“Panic is an attempt to flee from
an imagined or real threat.”
In the event of panic, people’s
behavior is uncoordinated.
It is irrational, in a panic situation
people’s
action
are
not
appropriate.
A sudden crises occurs. Since
people are unprepared to face it,
they develop intense tension and
great fear.
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CROWDS
A crowd is a gathering of people
who share a purpose or intent and
influence one another.
“A crowd is a group of people who
are physically close together and
share a common concern”
(Wallace and Wallace)
Example:
• A group of passengers at bus stop.
• A group of people gathered in fish
market to buy or sell fish.
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TYPES OF CROWD (BLUMER, 1951)
• CASUAL - loose collection of people with
no real interaction.
- These crowds are most loosely
structured of all crowds.
- Individuals of these crowds have least
emotional involvement in the crowd.
- They can easily go away from it.
Examples:
 People at the mall.
 A group of people forming a crowd at
the spot of car accident.
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TYPES OF CROWD (BLUMER, 1951)
• CONVENTIONAL deliberately
planned meeting.
- Planned and relatively structured.
- Gathers for a socially sanctioned
purpose.
- These are known as conventional
crowds because
their
behavior follows the established
social norms and conventions.
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TYPES OF CROWD (BLUMER, 1951)
• EXPRESSIVE - depicts a crowd at an
emotionally charged event (e.g., a political
rally or soccer game in Europe or Latin
America).
- This crowd gathers specifically for the
purpose of letting out emotions.
- They are organized to permit the
personal gratification of their members.
Example:
a religious revival meeting
 a political rally
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TYPES OF CROWD (BLUMER, 1951)
• ACTING - a crowd intent on
accomplishing something.
- This crowd focuses its attention
on a specific action or goal.
- The members are generally
angry at some force and want to
act against it.
- Comparatively it is least common
one but socially it is most
significant of the four basic
crowd types.
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TYPES OF CROWD (BLUMER, 1951)
• ACTING
Example:
MOB - a violent acting crowd
- Mobs are emotionally charged groups of people who
are united by a specific violent and destructive goal.
- Mobs typically have leaders who egg the mob on and
enforce conformity among its members.
- Mobs represent a challenge to social order and
authority.
- Mobs are typically short-lived and break-up once their
objective is accomplished.
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TYPES OF CROWD (BLUMER, 1951)
• ACTING
Example:
RIOT - a riot is a collective of people
who erupt into generalized destructive
behavior.
- Riots are less unified and not
usually focused on any particular
goal.
- Riots often get started when longstanding tensions are triggered by a
single event.
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CHARACTERISTICS
OF
CROWD
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SUGGESTIBILITY
• The participants in a crowd become
highly suggestible as if they had
been hypnotized.
• People become highly responsive
to the suggestions of others,
especially the leader of the crowd
and thus their behavior often
becomes unpredictable.
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DEINDIVIDUALIZATION
• The sense of individuality is almost
removed in the crowd.
• Persons do not behave as individual
members.
• The individual losses his/her personal
restraints and sense of personal
responsibility.
• Crowd behavior is generally irrational
and unrestrained it is spontaneous and
utterly unpredictable and has no established patterns for the members to
follow.
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INVULNERABILITY
•A
crowd
lack
selfconsciousness.
• Since their personal identities
are not recognized, they feel
that they can behave freely.
• They do not just bother about
the hold of
social control
mechanism.
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ANONIMINITY
• Crowds are anonymous, both because
they are large and are temporary.
• Usually, the members of a crowd
behave in a manner as if they do not
know each other.
• The anonymity of the collective gives
each person in a crowd a feeling of
invincible power which allows him/her
to yield to instinct.
• During a riot, this characteristic of
anonymity of crowd members makes it
easier for people to loot, kill and steal.
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PRECONDITIONSOF
COLLECTIVE
BEHAVIOR
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STRUCTURAL CONDUCIVENESS
the set-up or structure of a society
or community that makes the
outbreak of collective behavior
possible.
Typically, this has something to do with
the mass media - an essential element
for spreading information - facts and
rumors alike.
In "The Shelter," the existence of
television, radio, and the special civil
defense communications system make
the panic possible.
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STRUCTURAL STRAIN
The
social
conditions
put
stress/strain on people and
encourage them to take collective
action.
In "The Shelter," people in America
were very much anxious about the
possibility of a nuclear attack. Some
even built bomb shelters in their
backyards.
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GENERALIZED BELIEF
What do people believe is
happening - to cause them to take
collective action
In "The Shelter," the neighbors were
convinced that terrorist were headed
toward nearby city. They were sure a
that terrorist attack was coming.
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PRECIPITATING FACTORS
specific events "trigger" the
outbreak of collective behavior.
This is typically a single event
that proves to be the "final
straw.“
In
"The
Shelter,"
the
precipitating factor is the
interruption of the TV signal and
the government announcement
that unidentified objects have
been picked up on radar.
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MOBILIZATION FOR ACTION
specific actions to they take as
part of their collective behavior.
Do they yell, scream, loot, set
things on fire, destroy stuff? What
DO they do?
In "The Shelter," the neighbors fight
among themselves and demand that
the doctor open up his shelter. In the
end, they break down the door of the
shelter with a piece of pipe used as a
battering ram.
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SOCIAL CONTROL
How do the authorities control
and/or bring the situation under
control.
Do they send in the National
Guard or Federal Troops? Do they
make announcements on the radio
or Television?
In "The Shelter," the panic ends when
the government radio announces that
the objects on radar were satellites not incoming enemy missiles.
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Where on earth did I do?
To deserve the three of you.
-Cited: Najorda, 2020
ThankYou
Dan Jerome L. Malapira
0908malapirad3cl@gmail.com