z
DON’T BE A PUNK !
RECYLE YOUR JUNK .
ISA
RANIGANJ LIONS JDMC DAV PUBLIC SCHOOL
z
z
CLASSES INVOLVED : XI & XII
COUNTRIES OF STUDY : INDIA, BANGLADESH, SRILANKA & AUSTRALIA
What is e-waste?
E-waste is electronic products that are unwanted, not
working, and nearing or at the end of their “useful life.”
Computers, televisions, VCRs, stereos, copiers, and fax
machines are everyday electronic products.
z
TYPES OF E-WASTE
z
List of Common E-waste Items:
z
•
Home Appliances
•
MicrowavesHome
•
Entertainment
Devices
•
Electric cookers
•
Heaters
•
Fans
Communications and
z
Information
Technology
Devices
•
Cell phones
•
Smartphones
•
Desktop
•
Computers
•
Computer Monitors
•
Laptops
•
Circuit boards
•
Hard Drives
 DVDs
Home
z
Entertainment
Devices
 Blu Ray
 Players
 Stereos
 Televisions
 Video Game Systems
 Fax machines
 Copiers
 Printers
z
Electronic Utilities

Massage Chairs

Heating Pads

Remote ControlsTelevision

Remotes

Electrical Cords

LampsSmart

Lights

Treadmills

Smart Watches
z
Office and Medical Equipment

Copiers/Printers, IT Server ,Racks
IT Servers Cords and Cables ,WiFi
Dongles ,Dialysis
Machines ,Imaging
Equipment ,Phone & PBX
systems ,Audio & Video
Equipment ,Network Hardware (i.e.
servers, switches, hubs, etc.)
Power Strips & Power
Supplies ,Uninterrupted Power
Supplies (UPS Systems) ,Power
Distribution Systems (PDU’s)
Autoclave ,Defibrillator
z
CAUSES OF RAPID GROWTH OF
E-WASTE
 Causes of e-wasteThe main cause or rather
reason for the increasing e waste is the increased
number of products(because of
development,technology,human mentality and
population) because of which disposal problems are
caused as excess of anything is not good.
DEVELOPMENT - A CAUSE OF E-WASTE
Development : As of now, It is estimated that there are
over a billion personal computers in the world. In
developed countries these have an average life span of
only 2 years. In the United States alone there are over 300
million obsolete computers. Not only developed countries
the developing countries too have faced a steep rise in
sales or moreover wastage in this industry. It is believed
that sales of computers and internet usage have gone up
by 400%zin developing countries as well. As the digital
divide narrows we must address the question of disposal
of large numbers of "end of life" computers and other IT
equipment. We can now also understand that this industry
is globalising at a fast rate or rather an alarming rate. ALL
of this is because of development caused by
globalisation.
z
TECHNOLOGY –A CAUSE OF E-WASTE
In this modern era technology is growing at
lightning fast speed.This technology results in
the coming of newer products and
appliances.The major reason for this can be none
other than MNC's( Multinational corporations).
MNC's now a days are so powerful that they can
influence the whole market system of a country
in no time. it is these mnc's that provide better
technology The have money more than the budjet
of some countries as well. Moreover they have
the power to decide price and quality.However, Its
not only that MNC's profit when they start a
business. Though some sections may be
affected, the middle class have started to prosper
because the prices have gone down and quality
has increased.
Human mentality : Accelerator of e-waste production
This has given more money power to the
common people(middle class people) and
this money power has helped them buy
more products and in our case or the
z computers increase e waste by
case of
kind of changing their mentality. Because
of money power people now a days tend
to substitute their older materials with the
newer ones and this older materials if
electronic related is what is termed as ewaste.
POPULATION : A CATALYST FOR E –WASTE GENERATION
z

With the increasing population all
these have been triggered even more.
it's simple to understand by one of the
most simple theories of unitary
method. so if 1 person buys 1
computer so with increasing
population the number of computers
would also increase with this method.
so we can conclude that with
increasing population the amount of e
waste would also increase because
these computers they bought after
sometime would be thrown with the
introduction of better technology
devices which would be bought by the.
VOLUME OF E-WASTE (WORLDWIDE)
Global e-waste — discarded electrical and electronic
equipment — will increase by 38 per cent in the decade
between 2020 and 2030, according to a new United Nations
University (UNU) report.There was 53.6 million tonnes (MT)
e-waste in 2019, according to the report. That is a nearly 21
per cent increase in just five years.Asia generated the greatest
volume of z
e-waste in 2019 — some 24.9 MT, followed by the
Americas (13.1 MT) and Europe (12 MT). Africa and
Oceania generated 2.9 MT and 0.7 MT respectively, the
report said.Most E-waste in 2019 consisted of small equipment
(17.4 MT), large equipment (13.1 MT) and temperature
exchange equipment (10.8 MT). Screens and monitors, lamps,
small IT and telecommunication equipment represented 6.7
MT, 4.7 MT, and 0.9 M respectively according to UNU
estimates in the report.
E – WASTE IN INDIA India is the "fifth largest electronic waste producer in
z
the world"; approximately 2 million tons of e-waste
are generated annually and an undisclosed amount of
e-waste is imported from other countries around the
world.Annually, computer devices account for nearly
70% of e-waste, 12% comes from the telecom sector,
8% from medical equipment and 7% from electric
equipment. The government, public sector companies,
and private sector companies generate nearly 75% of
electronic waste, with the contribution of individual
household being only 16%.India had 1.012 billion
active mobile connections in January 2018. Every year
the number is growing exponentially. According to
ASSOCHAM, an industrial body in India the,
Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of electronic
waste is 30%. With changing consumer behavior and
rapid economic growth, ASSOCHAM estimates that
India will generate 5.2 million tonnes of e-waste by
2020.
E-WASTE IN BANGLADESH
The total amount of e-waste generated in Bangladesh
more than tripled in last eight years owing to increased
access to the electronic and digital equipments.E-waste
generated from ship breaking yards alone about 2.5
million metric tons of toxics e-waste in a year.
Bangladesh has generated 10,504 metric tons of toxics
e-wastezby cell phone sets within last 21 years. Every
year around 296302 TV sets become scrape and
generated 0.17 million metric tons of e-waste.The
country generated around 0.4 million tonnes of e-waste
last year, up from 0.13 million tonnes in 2010,
according to the figures from the Department of
Environment (DoE).What is even more worrying is
that the e-waste would increase by more than 11 times
to a staggering 4.62 million tonnes by 2035.
E-WASTE IN SRI LANKA
Here’s an example to understand the scale of the
problem, according to estimates by Ceylon Waste
Management there are 7.6 Million CRT TVs and
Monitors in Sri Lanka, and only 10% of that will be
properly disposed. The remaining 90% will be around
67500 metric tons of CRTs, of which 8840 tons will be
z
lead and 110 tons of arsenic. That’s a massive amount
of poison that could leach into our ecosystem
endangering both human and animal lives. Other
methods must be employed to dispose of this
waste.According to UNDP Sri Lanka produces around
70 to 75 metric tonnes of e waste annually. These
include Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT), mobile phones, CFL
bulbs, batteries, computers and computer accessories.
E-WASTE IN
AUSTRALIA
z
Here are the statistics on Australia’s electronic
waste:700,000 tonnes of e-waste is made in Australia.90%
of electronic waste don’t have a dedicated recycling
program,The average Australian family generates 1.4
tonnes of electronic waste over 10 years. This includes
monitors, batteries, printers and more.Around 11,000
tonnes of batteries end up in landfill every year and only
3% of batteries are recycled in Australia. Over time, the
chemicals in these batteries leak out and are toxic to the
environment, potentially harming wildlife and affecting
surrounding soil or waterways.Aussies replace their
mobile and smart phones every 18-24 months on
average.There are over 25 million unused phones in
Australia. If we lined up all our unused phones, they’d
stretch further than the distance between Sydney and
Perth.Currently in Australia we only recycle 10% of our
mobile phones. Most Australians don’t even know how to
recycle their phone.
EFFECTS OF TOXIC E-WASTE
COMPONENTS
 Waste from the white and
brown goods is less toxic
as compared with grey
goods. A computer
contains highly toxic
chemicals like lead,
cadmium, mercury,
beryllium, BFR, polyvinyl
chloride and phosphor
compounds .
z
EFFECTS OF LEAD
Lead exerts toxic effects on various
systems in the body such as the
central (organic affective syndrome)
and peripheral nervous systems
(motor neuropathy), the hemopoietic
system (anemia), the genitourinary
system (capable of causing damage
to all parts of nephron) and the
reproductive systems (male and
female).
z
EFFECTS OF MERCURY
Mercury causes damage to the
genitourinary system (tubular
dysfunction), the central and
peripheral nervous systems as well
as the fetus. When inorganic
mercury spreads out in the water, it
is transformed into methylated
mercury, which bio-accumulates in
living organisms and concentrates
through the food chain, particularly
by fish
z
EFFECTS OF CADMIUM
Cadmium is a potentially longterm cumulative poison. Toxic
cadmium compounds accumulate
in the human body, especially in
the kidneys. There is evidence of
the role of cadmium and
beryllium in carcinogenicity.
z
EFFECTS OF PAH
Polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAH)Affects
lung, skin and bladder.
Epidemiological studies in the
past on occupational exposure to
PAH provide sufficient evidence
of the role of PAH in the
induction of skin and lung
cancers.
IMPACT OF E-WASTE ON THE ENVIRONMENT
z
When e-waste is warmed up, toxic chemicals are released into the
air damaging the atmosphere. The damage to the atmosphere is
one of the biggest environmental impacts from e-waste.
When electronic waste is thrown away in landfills their toxic
materials seep into groundwater, affecting both land and sea
animals .
MAJOR THREATS OF E –WASTE TO
THE EARTH
1. Computers and most electronics contain toxic materials such as lead,
zinc, nickel, flame retardants, barium, and chromium. Specifically
withSpecifically with lead, if released into the environment can cause
damage to human blood, kidneys, as well as central and peripheral
nervous systems.
ad, if
2. When e-waste is warmed up, toxic chemicals are released into the air
damaging the atmosphere.
3. When electronic
waste is thrown away in landfills their toxic materials
z
seep into groundwater, affecting both land and sea animals.
4. Many of the residents in the developing and developed countries
exhibit substantial digestives, neurological, respiratory and bone
problems.
z
E-waste management can be defined as the practical and holistic approach and the founding
pillar of cutting down waste from our mother earth. It is reusing and recycling of e-waste which
is no longer in use and can be salved for some of its components. We are on the verge of a
technological breakthrough with the introduction of AI and we need to dispose off toxic e-waste
from our home before we pile up more and more e-waste. We are is dire need of introducing a
customer awareness campaign because of lack of interest and knowledge regarding e-waste.
z
E-WASTE MANAGEMENT POLICY
M
z OA MODEL FOR E-WASTE
MANAGEMENT
THE BASEL CONVENTION
The Basel Convention on the
Control of Transboundary
Movements of Hazardous Wastes
and Their Disposal, usually
known simply as the Basel
Convention, is an international
treaty that was designed to
reduce thez
movements of
hazardous waste between
nations, and specifically to
prevent transfer of hazardous
waste from developed to less
developed countries.Of the 172
parties to the Convention,
Afghanistan, Haiti, and the
United States have signed the
Convention but have not yet
ratified it.
Nations that have signed and
ratified the Basel Convention,
along with nations that have
signed but have not ratified the
agreement.
z
STEPS FOR E-WASTE MANAGEMENT

E-waste management can be divided into
two broad

categories: reduction and disposal. There are

several technical solutions adopted for
reduction in

the production and accumulation of large
quantities

of E-waste and for their disposal. This paper

describes the methods followed abroad and in
India

to manage E-waste, and presents the adverse
effects

of improper treatment of E-waste.
z
A. Reduction in production of E-waste
Around 20 million electronic household
appliances including TV, washing machines,
personal computers etc and 70 million cell
phones reach end-of-life every year [6]. This is
apart from the electronic devices used in offices
and industries. There are methods that are
suitable to dispose E-waste in reasonably small
quantities. However, there is a sustained
increase in E-waste generated. This makes
disposal difficult. Such sheer quantities
intensify adverse effects. Instead of dealing
with drastic quantities of E-waste, production
of E-wastecan be reduced by adopting
following strategies.
1) Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
z
Life cycle assessment is a tool used to design environmentfriendly electronic devices and to minimise E-waste
problems. It identifies potential environmental impacts to
develop eco-design products, processes or services. LCA
also defines environment impact categories such as
carcinogens, climate change, the ozone, toxicity, land use and
acidification. All these applications of LCA are used to
improve the environmental performance of products and
produce eco-friendly products.
2)
2.
Multi-Criteria
Analysis
(MCA)
z
MCA is a decision-making tool developed for
considering strategic decisions and solving
complex and time-consuming multi-criteria
problems that include quantitative and/or
qualitative aspects [7]. This tool is used to identify
the best strategy and production method for a
particular product. It analyses several scenarios
and includes various criteria to bring out the most
suitable and profitable method of production and
distribution of a product. The solution of problems
related to planning and selection of technical
structure of waste management system is a
multistep process consisting of identifying the
differences and elements of common variant
solutions, in selecting the most beneficial solutions
and assessing the results of actions .
Steps involved in MCA
z
3) Material Flow Analysis (MFA)
MFA is another decision making tool
for E-waste management.MFA includes
a consideration of the flow of E-waste
and its assessment in terms of
environmental, economic and social
values .Software-based simulation
modelling is employed .
4) Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)
Extended producer Responsibility is anenvironmental policy
approach in which a producer’s responsibility for a product is
z
extended to the post consumer stage of the product’s life,
including its final disposal . The goals of the product designer
are as follows: reducing toxicity, reducing energy consumption,
streamlining product weight and materials, identifying
opportunities for easier re-use among others. Manufacturers are
asked to improve the design by substituting hazardous materials
such as lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium and brominated fire
retardants with harmless and efficient materials. They have to
take measures to identify and re-use the components and
materials, especially plastics. They must promote recycling of
plastics. Manufacturers should give incentives to customers
when they exchange their old products with new ones.
Collection systems are to be established so that Ewaste is
collected from the source, ensuring that E-waste reaches the
recycling units effectively.
B. Disposal of E-waste
Production of E-waste is inevitable. It
can be reduced but not prevented.
The most known and used measures
for the
z disposal of E-waste globally
and in India are recycling and landfill
disposal.
1) Recycling
z

E-waste recycling is the process of converting
parts or whole of an electrical orelectronic
product into a usable and working product. Vast
quantities of E-waste are now being moved around
the world for recycling in developing countries. As
E-waste represents a wide range of waste
products, recycling of E-wastevaries according to
the material content and type of product. Based on
relative size, recycling of large household
appliances such as refrigerators and cookers is
not complicated. To recycle smaller and more
complex equipment, the development of new
infrastructure and technology is necessary.
Recycling of consumer electronic equipment, such
as television sets, radios and video recorders,
require costly manual dismantling. The most
recycled electronic product in India is personal
computers (PC). Field surveys show that for about
300 days of the year, two truckloads of scrap PCs
arrive in Delhi everyday, which translates to about
133000 units and 3600 tonnes arriving per year
(assuming an average PC weighs about 27 kg) [13].
The threat arising due to recycling such quantities
arises from improper recycling methods and lack of
precautions.
Electronic Waste – recycling laptops, computers and other electronic equipment.
z

Picking Shed – first all the items are sorted by hand and batteries and copper are
extracted for quality control.

Initial Size Reduction Process – items are shredded into pieces as small as 100mm
to prepare the ewaste to be thoroughly sorted. This is also where the data destruction
takes place.

Secondary Size Reduction – the small debris is shaken to ensure that it is evenly
spread out on the conveyor belt, before it gets broken down even more. Any dust
extracted is disposed of in an environmentally friendly way.

Overband Magnet – using magnets, steel and iron are removed from the debris.

Metallic & Non-Metallic Content – aluminium, copper and brass are separated from
the non-metallic content. The metallic can then be reused and resold as raw
materials.

Water Separation – water is used to separate plastic from the glass content. Once
divided all raw materials can then be resold.
Cathode Ray Tubes – recycling CRT
Monitors and Televisions.
Separation of Monitor Body and Cathode Ray Tube –
z
firstly the front of the monitor is removed so that the
tube can be removed from within. The shell is then
recycled along with regular ewaste.
Size reduction process – The tubes and screens are
shredded down into small pieces. Any glass dust created
in this process is disposed of carefully, in an
environmentally friendly way.
Metal Removal – the broken bits of glass are then passed
under magnets, where iron and steel is extracted from the
glass material. The remaining material is then passed
through Eddy Currents, which removes any aluminium and
copper. These materials are then collected and reused as
raw materials.
Washing Line – The remaining glass is then cleared of
oxides, phosphors and dust extracts, leaving just clean
glass to be sorted.
Glass Sorting Line – the final stage of CRT recycling
sorts the leaded glass from the unleaded glass. These
can then both be used in the creation of new screens,
which is called closed loop recycling.
INBOUND E-WASTE RECYCLING
z
Recycling of e-waste in India
About
z 95 per cent of India's ewaste is recycled in the informal sector and in
a crude manner. A report on e-waste presented
by the United Nations (UN) in World Economic
Forum on January 24, 2019 points out that
the waste stream reached 48.5 MT in 2018 and
the figure is expected to double if nothing
changes.
Seelampur is the largest e-waste dismantling
market in India. Each day e-waste is dumped by
the truckload for thousands of workers using
crude methods to extract reusable components
and precious metals such as copper, tin, silver,
gold, titanium and palladium. The process
involves acid burning and open incineration,
creating toxic gases with severe health and
environmental consequences.
Recycling e-waste in Bangladesh
Legislation
on e-waste management
z
Bangladesh is a signatory to the Basel Convention on Trans-boundary Movements of
Hazardous Waste.Currently there is no specific regulation dealing with e-waste management.
However Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) is in the process of formulating the
rules on handling of e-waste. In the National 3R strategy for y for waste management
(Reduce, Reuse and Recycle), the e-waste management issue is emphasized.
E-waste recycling in Dhaka
Nimtali, in Old Dhaka is the largest old computer retailing spot in Dhaka. There are about 150 that
include both temporary and permanent shops. The permanent shops deal with PC related wastes,
however temporary shops deal with PC as wells as other waste products of refrigerators and air
conditioners. Retail shops buy PC parts from various organizations through auction and also buy
from hawkers or personal users. Average monthly total purchase amount as reported to be around
US $ 1400 and selling amount to be US $ 2000. The shop owners claimed that they can reuse 100%
of the electronic products and the rest of the recovered items such as copper, iron, plastic and
cable wires are sold as scrap. (continued)
E waste recycling in Dhaka
Characteristics and
challenges of the old PC
shops :
z
•
Inefficient recycling
process
•
Low wages of the worker
•
Ignorance regarding the
hazards to e –waste
•
Re Import of ee-products.
The scenario is almost
similar in recycling of ewaste in Chittagong too.
Recycling of e-waste in Sri Lanka
z
Sri Lanka does not have facilities for extracting these metals. So instead recycling companies here can only separate the
electronic waste into its component parts and export them to recycling companies overseas. Once dismantled, the plastic, glass,
copper, iron and aluminium can be recycled locally. CRT’s and circuit boards are sent overseas where valuable metals like gold,
silver, platinum and palladium are extracted for resale and reuse.
One such registered electronic waste recycling factory in Sri Lanka, which recycles all types of electronic waste (except CFL and
tube bulbs), was able to recover 35,724 kg of plastic, 58,526 kg of metal, 83,358 kg of glass out of the total electronic waste
collection of 177,609 kg in 2012. Furthermore, out of the total quantity of metal, around 6,368 kg of complex metal were
exported for refinement to the world’s largest precious metal refinery. In addition, they earned foreign currency by trading the
extracted gold, silver, palladium, and copper in the London Bullion Market (LBM) and London Metal Exchange (LME).
The rest of the materials were sold to different companies in the country, which reuse these materials for a variety of products. ”
There are a few places that have started towards electronic waste recycling. Notably the Central Environment
Authority has a list of Electronic Waste Management facilities that are licensed with the government. Companies like
Ceylon Waste Management and Green Links disassemble electronic waste and export component to major recyclers in
countries like the Netherlands and Belgium.
Recycling of e-waste in Australia
z

88% of the 4 million computers and 3 million TV's purchased in Australia every year will end up in landfill - this contributes
to the 140,000+ tonnes of electronic waste generated by Australians every year

Fewer than 1% of TVs and around 10% of PCs and laptops are recycled Australia wide

E-waste is responsible for 70% of the toxic chemicals such as lead, cadmium and mercury found in landfill - and 23,000 tonnes
of CO2 emissions would be saved if half of the televisions discarded annually were recycled

Electronic rubbish is growing at three times the rate of any other waste stream

Discarded devices are piling up around the world at a rate of 40 million per year

98% of the components in your computer or television can be fully recycled

In 2011 Australian Government introduced on national industry funded recycling scheme that prevents millions of old TVs
and computers from sending it to landfill.
A RAY OF HOPE
z
 On a positive note, media reports highlighted
that the 2020 Tokyo Olympics medals will be
made of 50,000 tonnes of e-waste. The
organising committee will make all the medals
from old smartphones, laptops and other
gadgets. By November 2018, organisers had
collected 47,488 tonnes of devices, from which
nearly 8 tonnes of gold, silver and bronze will
be extracted to make 5,000 medals. About
1,600 or 90 per cent municipal authorities in
Japan were involved in collection activities.
2) zLandfill disposal
A landfill site is a site for the disposal of waste materials by
burial and is the oldest form of waste treatment. Around 90% of
Ewaste is disposed by landfill disposal. The number of landfills
has been increasing in both developed and developing countries.
The recently constructed landfills are capable of safely isolating
the pollutants found in electronics from the environment but
thousands of old landfills with no barrier and containing a mixture
of putrescibles and E-waste are present and these old landfills pose
a great threat.
z
E-WASTE MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Laws to manage e-waste have been in place in India since 2011, mandating that
only authorised dismantlers and recyclers collect e waste. E-waste (Management)
Rules, 2016 was enacted on October 1, 2017. Over 21 products (Schedule-I) were
included under the purview of the rule.

The rule also extended its purview to components or consumables or parts or spares of
Electrical and Electronic Equipment (EEE), along with their products. The rule has
strengthened the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), which is the global best
practice to ensure the take-back of the end-of-life products.
Contd.
z
E-WASTE MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

India now has 178 registered e-waste recyclers, accredited by the state governments to
process e-waste. But many of India’s e-waste recyclers aren’t recycling waste at all.
While some are storing it in hazardous conditions, others don’t even have the capacity
to handle such waste, as per by the report of Union Environment ministry.

Initiatives on building awareness in e-waste management

The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) has initiated an ewaste awareness programme under Digital India, along with industry associations
from 2015, to create awareness among the public about the hazards of e-waste recycling
by the unorganised sector, and to educate them about alternate methods of disposing
their e-waste.
z
E –WASTE MANAGEMENT IN SRI LANKA
 Sri Lanka has a long history about generation and
management of e-waste since the electrical and electronic
appliances are entered the Sri Lankan market. However, there
was no efficient e-waste management system in Sri Lanka
until 1992. Sri Lanka approved the Basel Convention on the
Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Waste and
their Disposal in 1992 and had taken many steps to ensure
implementation of its provisions.
Contd.
z
E –WASTE MANAGEMENT IN SRI LANKA
In this aspect, Sri Lanka is increasingly pulling ahead of the flock. A national policy on ewaste management has already been drafted and plenty of public private partnerships have been
established to manage the e-waste in a sustainable way. The Ministry of Environment and
Renewable Energy and the CEA are heading the efforts as policy makers and enforcers of the
law . In addition to achieving a draft policy for e-waste management, the next best thing that
Sri Lanka engaged in was the “Electronic Waste Management Project” implemented under the
purview of the CEA. This project has been able to sign MOUs with 14 partner organizations in
an effort to manage the e-waste in Sri Lanka. The partner organizations comprised of
telecommunications industry (Telecom, Mobitel, Dialog, Etisalat, Hutch, and Lanka Bell),
home appliances industry (Singer and Abans), office appliances industry (Metropolitan, EWis, Virtusa, and ABC Trade & Investments), and service providers (Geo Cycle and Green
Link) .
z
E-waste management in Bangladesh

Bangladesh’s Department of Environment (DoE) has published draft rules that restrict the use of 15 substances or
groups of substances in certain electrical products.

The Hazardous Waste (E-Waste) Management Rules, 2019, will apply to "every e-waste producer, manufacturer,
large importer, dismantler, recycler, trader or shopkeeper, hoarder, transporter, repairer, collection centre, auctioneer,
exporter and large users of electrical and electronic products and other relevant persons."

The products covered are:

household appliances;

monitoring and control equipment;

medical equipment;

automatic machines; and

IT and telecommunication equipment.
E-WASTE MANAGEMENT IN BANGLADESH
z
z
E-Waste management in Australia
Over many years the Australian Government, in partnership with State and Territory Governments and industry, has developed the National Product Stewardship
Scheme to promote and encourage recycling. One of the outcomes of this Scheme is the National Television and Computer Recycling Scheme (NTCRS), which is
funded and run by the television and computer industry and builds on existing recycling efforts by councils, charitable and other organisations to enable
householders and small business to drop-off their unwanted televisions and computer products free of charge at selected collection locations across Australia.
The NTCRS is expected to boost the recycling rate for these products from the current 17 per cent to 30 per cent by June 2013 and 80 per cent by 2021-22, providing a
long-term solution to television and computer waste. E-waste collection and drop off services were introduced gradually from mid to late 2012 and will expand to cover
all of Australia by the end of 2013.
The ACT became the first jurisdiction to offer services to householders under the NTCRS. From May 2012 householders were able to drop off unwanted televisions and
computers for free at waste transfer stations with the knowledge that these products would be recycled in an environmentally friendly way. Hazardous materials,
including lead, mercury and zinc, would be prevented from entering the environment through landfill. Valuable non-renewable resources, including gold and other
precious metals would also be reclaimed for reuse.
Collection services have been introduced gradually across Australia from mid-2012 and the scheme is designed to build on existing recycling services already
available. Since the NTCRS began in May 2012 there are now over 40 recycling drop off points available in the ACT, Victoria, Western Australia, Queensland, South
Australia and NSW. Recycling drop off points will continue to roll out with the timing and location determined by the industry recycling providers.
z
References

Wikipedia

Google

https://www.suez.com.au/en-au/sustainability-tips/learn-about-wastestreams/general-waste-streams/e-waste-recycling

https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Products/4602.0.55.005~2013~Main
+Features~Electronic+and+Electrical+Waste?OpenDocument#:~:text=Efforts%
20to%20Manage%20E%2DWaste&text=E%2Dwaste%20collection%20and%2
0drop,to%20householders%20under%20the%20NTCRS.

http://www.environment.gov.au/protection/waste-resourcerecovery/publications/australias-current-and-future-ewaste-recyclinginfrastructure-capacity-and-needs.
z
References

https://www.newagebd.net/article/98178/swelling-e-waste-threatens-healthenvironment-in-bangladesh

https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/environment/2018/10/19/e-wastemanagement-no-progress-in-7-years-since-regulations-drafted

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271564472_Electronic_and_electric
al_waste_management_in_Sri_Lanka_Suggestions_for_national_policy_enh
ancements

https://roar.media/english/tech/insights/tackling-e-waste-in-sri-lanka/amp

https://www.teriin.org/article/e-waste-management-india-challenges-andopportunities#:~:text=E%2Dwaste%20recyclers%20use%20processes,mana
ged%20by%20an%20unorganized%20sector.
z
References

https://greencitizen.com/learn-more/harmful-effects/

https://www.npr.org/2010/12/21/132204954/after-dump-what-happens-toelectronic-waste

http://www.fmclandfill.org/e-waste.html

http://www.electronicstakeback.com/designed-for-the-dump/e-waste-in-landfills/

https://wasteadvantagemag.com/safety-precautions-when-handling-anddisposing-of-construction-and-demolition-material/

https://www.quora.com/What-is-e-waste-management

https://www.ecomena.org/ewaste-management/
z
SPECIAL THANKS
TO
 PRINCIPAL - MRS. (DR.) SUCHARITA CHATTERJEE
 ISA CO-ORDINATORS – MRS. ESHA MISHRA
.
MRS. ETI BANDYOPADHYAY
z