Multiple choice questions Chapter 16 Manufacturing Chemicals 16.1 Ammonia is manufactured from nitrogen and hydrogen. N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) H = –92 kJ mol–1 Which one of the following is not a correct condition for this reaction? A a temperature of about 250°C B a pressure of about 200 atmospheres C an iron catalyst D nitrogen and hydrogen in the ratio 1:3 Interactive multiple choice questions are available on the Edexcel International GCSE and Certificate Chemistry ActiveBook CD Starred questions are additional to those in the interactive version Multiple choice questions 16.2 Very high pressures like 1000 atmospheres are not commonly used in the manufacture of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen. N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) H = –92 kJ mol–1 Which one of the following statements is wrong? A Increasing the pressure increases the rate of the reaction. B Very high pressures need very strong reaction vessels and pipes which are expensive to build. C Very high pressures need a lot of energy to produce. D Very high pressures decrease the percentage of nitrogen and hydrogen converted to ammonia. Interactive multiple choice questions are available on the Edexcel International GCSE and Certificate Chemistry ActiveBook CD Starred questions are additional to those in the interactive version Multiple choice questions 16.3 The Haber Process for making ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen was invented shortly before the first World War. During that war, most of the ammonia produced was used to make explosives. Nowadays, the main use of ammonia is A making explosives B making plastics and artificial fibres like nylon C making fertilisers D as a fuel Interactive multiple choice questions are available on the Edexcel International GCSE and Certificate Chemistry ActiveBook CD Starred questions are additional to those in the interactive version Multiple choice questions 16.3* If sulfide ores are heated strongly in air, the metal oxide is formed together with sulfur dioxide. The sulfur dioxide can be used to make sulfuric acid. Which one of the following is a correctly balanced equation for heating the ore pyrite, FeS2 in air? A 2FeS2(s) + 5O2(g) Fe2O3(s) + 4SO2(g) B 4FeS2(s) + 11O2(g) 2Fe2O3(s) + 8SO2(g) C 4FeS2(s) + 7O2(g) 2Fe2O3(s) + 4SO2(g) D 2FeS2(s) + 7O2(g) 2Fe2O3(s) + 4SO2(g) Interactive multiple choice questions are available on the Edexcel International GCSE and Certificate Chemistry ActiveBook CD Starred questions are additional to those in the interactive version Multiple choice questions 16.4 In the Contact Process for manufacturing sulfuric acid, a key stage is the conversion of sulfur dioxide into sulfur trioxide according to the equation 2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g) H = –196 kJ mol–1 Which one of the following is not a correct condition for this reaction? A a temperature of 450°C B a pressure of about 200 atmospheres C a vanadium(V) oxide catalyst D an excess of oxygen compared with the equation proportions Interactive multiple choice questions are available on the Edexcel International GCSE and Certificate Chemistry ActiveBook CD Starred questions are additional to those in the interactive version Multiple choice questions 16.4* During the Contact Process for manufacturing sulfuric acid, sulfur trioxide is dissolved in concentrated sulfuric acid to make fuming sulfuric acid (also called oleum). The correct formula for fuming sulfuric acid is A H2SO4 B H2S2O3 C H2S2O7 D H3S2O7 Interactive multiple choice questions are available on the Edexcel International GCSE and Certificate Chemistry ActiveBook CD Starred questions are additional to those in the interactive version Multiple choice questions 16.5 Sulfuric acid is used in the manufacture of all of the following substances except one. Which is the only one in where sulfuric acid is not used in the manufacturing process? A ammonia B ammonium sulfate fertiliser C sodium laureth sulfate – a constituent of many detergents D titanium dioxide – a white paint pigment Interactive multiple choice questions are available on the Edexcel International GCSE and Certificate Chemistry ActiveBook CD Starred questions are additional to those in the interactive version Multiple choice questions 16.6 Sodium hydroxide, chlorine and hydrogen can all be manufactured by electrolysing concentrated sodium chloride solution using a diaphragm cell. Which one of the following is correct? A Both electrodes are made of carbon. B The anode is made of steel; the cathode is made of titanium. C The anode is made of titanium; the cathode is made of steel. D The anode is made of steel; the cathode is made of carbon. Interactive multiple choice questions are available on the Edexcel International GCSE and Certificate Chemistry ActiveBook CD Starred questions are additional to those in the interactive version Multiple choice questions 16.7 What one of the following is an incorrect statement about the diaphragm in the cell to electrolyse sodium chloride solution? A The diaphragm is porous so that water and ions can pass through it. B The diaphragm keeps the hydrogen and chlorine apart because they can react explosively to form hydrogen chloride. C The diaphragm keeps the sodium hydroxide and chlorine apart because they react together. D The diaphragm keeps the sodium hydroxide and hydrogen apart because they react to make water. Interactive multiple choice questions are available on the Edexcel International GCSE and Certificate Chemistry ActiveBook CD Starred questions are additional to those in the interactive version Multiple choice questions 16.8 The following reaction is important in the use of sodium hydroxide solution to make which important material? 2NaOH(aq) + Cl2(g) NaCl(aq) + NaOCl(aq) + H2O(l) A soap B bleach C paper D aluminium oxide (alumina) Interactive multiple choice questions are available on the Edexcel International GCSE and Certificate Chemistry ActiveBook CD Starred questions are additional to those in the interactive version IGCSE Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions & Answers: Chapter 16 Chapter 16 Manufacturing Chemicals 16.1 Ammonia is manufactured from nitrogen and hydrogen. N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) H = –92 kJ mol–1 Which one of the following is not a correct condition for this reaction? A a temperature of about 250°C B a pressure of about 200 atmospheres C an iron catalyst D nitrogen and hydrogen in the ratio 1:3 Answer: A Comment A is the incorrect condition. The correct temperature should be about 450°C. You have to learn conditions like these. Interactive multiple choice questions are available on the Edexcel International GCSE and Certificate Chemistry ActiveBook CD Starred questions are additional to those in the interactive version IGCSE Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions & Answers: Chapter 16 16.2 Very high pressures like 1000 atmospheres are not commonly used in the manufacture of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen. N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) H = –92 kJ mol–1 Which one of the following statements is wrong? A Increasing the pressure increases the rate of the reaction. B Very high pressures need very strong reaction vessels and pipes which are expensive to build. C Very high pressures need a lot of energy to produce. D Very high pressures decrease the percentage of nitrogen and hydrogen converted to ammonia. Answer: D Comment A is true. A high pressure forces the molecules closer together so that they hit each other more often. B is also true. And so is C – you need powerful compressors (which use lots of energy) to produce a high pressure. D is wrong. According to Le Chatelier, if you make a change to a system in dynamic equilibrium, the position of equilibrium will move in order to counteract that change. If you increase the pressure, the equilibrium will shift in such a way that the pressure is reduced. It does this by reducing the number of molecules present. In this case, there are two molecules on the right-hand side of the equation, but four on the left. A very high pressure will help the conversion of nitrogen and hydrogen into ammonia. Interactive multiple choice questions are available on the Edexcel International GCSE and Certificate Chemistry ActiveBook CD Starred questions are additional to those in the interactive version IGCSE Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions & Answers: Chapter 16 16.3 The Haber Process for making ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen was invented shortly before the first World War. During that war, most of the ammonia produced was used to make explosives. Nowadays, the main use of ammonia is A making explosives B making plastics and artificial fibres like nylon C making fertilisers D as a fuel Answer: C Comment The main use of ammonia is in making fertilisers. You have to know that – there is no way of working it out. Interactive multiple choice questions are available on the Edexcel International GCSE and Certificate Chemistry ActiveBook CD Starred questions are additional to those in the interactive version IGCSE Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions & Answers: Chapter 16 16.3* If sulfide ores are heated strongly in air, the metal oxide is formed together with sulfur dioxide. The sulfur dioxide can be used to make sulfuric acid. Which one of the following is a correctly balanced equation for heating the ore pyrite, FeS2 in air? A 2FeS2(s) + 5O2(g) Fe2O3(s) + 4SO2(g) B 4FeS2(s) + 11O2(g) 2Fe2O3(s) + 8SO2(g) C 4FeS2(s) + 7O2(g) 2Fe2O3(s) + 4SO2(g) D 2FeS2(s) + 7O2(g) 2Fe2O3(s) + 4SO2(g) Answer: B Comment All the formulae are the same, so you just need to check the balancing in each equation. Fortunately, the correct answer is B, so you don’t actually have to check all of them, although you would probably feel safer if you did. Interactive multiple choice questions are available on the Edexcel International GCSE and Certificate Chemistry ActiveBook CD Starred questions are additional to those in the interactive version IGCSE Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions & Answers: Chapter 16 16.4 In the Contact Process for manufacturing sulfuric acid, a key stage is the conversion of sulfur dioxide into sulfur trioxide according to the equation 2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g) H = –196 kJ mol–1 Which one of the following is not a correct condition for this reaction? A a temperature of 450°C B a pressure of about 200 atmospheres C a vanadium(V) oxide catalyst D an excess of oxygen compared with the equation proportions Answer: B Comment Although in theory a high pressure is helpful for this reaction (you can work it out using Le Chatelier’s Principle), in practice, you get a very high yield of sulfur trioxide at low pressures of 1 - 2 atmospheres. The very small improvement you would get at much higher pressures isn’t worth the extra cost. The answer is B. All the other statements are true. Interactive multiple choice questions are available on the Edexcel International GCSE and Certificate Chemistry ActiveBook CD Starred questions are additional to those in the interactive version IGCSE Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions & Answers: Chapter 16 16.4* During the Contact Process for manufacturing sulfuric acid, sulfur trioxide is dissolved in concentrated sulfuric acid to make fuming sulfuric acid (also called oleum). The correct formula for fuming sulfuric acid is A H2SO4 B H2S2O3 C H2S2O7 D H3S2O7 Answer: C Comment The answer is C. If you have problems remembering it, think of it as a straightforward addition of H2SO4 and SO3. Interactive multiple choice questions are available on the Edexcel International GCSE and Certificate Chemistry ActiveBook CD Starred questions are additional to those in the interactive version IGCSE Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions & Answers: Chapter 16 16.5 Sulfuric acid is used in the manufacture of all of the following substances except one. Which is the only one in where sulfuric acid is not used in the manufacturing process? A ammonia B ammonium sulfate fertiliser C sodium laureth sulfate – a constituent of many detergents D titanium dioxide – a white paint pigment Answer: A Comment If you have learnt the manufacture of ammonia, you will know that there is no sulfuric acid involved – so the answer you want is A. The word “sulfate” in B and C suggests that these might well use sulfuric acid in their manufacture, but you would have to know that sulfuric acid is used to make titanium dioxide. Interactive multiple choice questions are available on the Edexcel International GCSE and Certificate Chemistry ActiveBook CD Starred questions are additional to those in the interactive version IGCSE Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions & Answers: Chapter 16 16.6 Sodium hydroxide, chlorine and hydrogen can all be manufactured by electrolysing concentrated sodium chloride solution using a diaphragm cell. Which one of the following is correct? A Both electrodes are made of carbon. B The anode is made of steel; the cathode is made of titanium. C The anode is made of titanium; the cathode is made of steel. D The anode is made of steel; the cathode is made of carbon. Answer: C Comment The electrodes are made of titanium and steel, and you would have to know which way around they are. The correct answer is C. There is no short cut to learning these industrial processes. Interactive multiple choice questions are available on the Edexcel International GCSE and Certificate Chemistry ActiveBook CD Starred questions are additional to those in the interactive version IGCSE Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions & Answers: Chapter 16 16.7 What one of the following is an incorrect statement about the diaphragm in the cell to electrolyse sodium chloride solution? A The diaphragm is porous so that water and ions can pass through it. B The diaphragm keeps the hydrogen and chlorine apart because they can react explosively to form hydrogen chloride. C The diaphragm keeps the sodium hydroxide and chlorine apart because they react together. D The diaphragm keeps the sodium hydroxide and hydrogen apart because they react to make water. Answer: D Comment All the statements are correct except D. How do you know that? In the first instance, you should have learnt the process well enough to know that the first three are all right. The easiest way of realising that D is wrong is to look at the diagram. The sodium hydroxide and the hydrogen are both being produced in the same compartment, and so the diaphragm isn’t keeping them apart. Interactive multiple choice questions are available on the Edexcel International GCSE and Certificate Chemistry ActiveBook CD Starred questions are additional to those in the interactive version IGCSE Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions & Answers: Chapter 16 16.8 The following reaction is important in the use of sodium hydroxide solution to make which important material? 2NaOH(aq) + Cl2(g) NaCl(aq) + NaOCl(aq) + H2O(l) A soap B bleach C paper D aluminium oxide (alumina) Answer: B Comment The answer is B. You have to know that. Interactive multiple choice questions are available on the Edexcel International GCSE and Certificate Chemistry ActiveBook CD Starred questions are additional to those in the interactive version
