International Journal of Trend in Scientific
Research and Development (IJTSRD)
International Open Access Journal
ISSN No: 2456 - 6470 | www.ijtsrd.com | Volume - 2 | Issue – 2
An Efficient Smart
mart Garbage Disposal System - A Review
R
Abhijeet Gothankar, Shubham Katkar, Swapnatej Pawar, Tejaskumar Dhalmare, Suhasini Goilkar
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering,
Finolex Academy of Management & Technology, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India
ABSTRACT
In the recent decades, Urbanization has increased
tremendously. At the same phase there is an increase
in waste production. Waste management has been a
crucial issue to be considered. This review paper is a
way to achieve this good cause. In this review paper,
smart bin is built on a microcontroller
ontroller based platform.
Microcontroller would be programmed in such a way
that it could control the operations of servo doors.
This microcontroller would control all three
components of our project. The basic idea of our
project is the van could move around
und area given to it.
The van is basically a line following robot which
would stop at certain intervals below the container,
the container would drop off the garbage into the van.
The van would go to next station and drop the garbage
into the dumping pit. Once these smart bins are
implemented on a large scale, by replacing our
traditional bins present today, waste can be managed
efficiently as it avoids unnecessary lumping of wastes
on roadside .Foul smell from these rotten wastes that
remain untreated for a long time, due to negligence of
authorities and carelessness of public may lead to long
term problems. Breeding of insects and mosquitoes
can create nuisance around promoting unclean
environment. This may even cause dreadful diseases.
Keywords:
Microcontroller, GSM/GPRS modem,
Ultrasonic sensor, garbage dustbin
I.
INTRODUCTION
Though the world is in a stage of up gradation, there
is yet another problem that has to be dealt with.
Garbage! Pictures of garbage bins being overfull and
the garbage being spilled out from the bins can be
seen all around. This leads to various diseases as large
number of insects and mosquitoes breed on it. A big
challenge in the urban cities is solid waste
management. Hence, smart dustbin is a system which
can eradicatee this problem or at least reduce it to the
minimum level. Our present Prime Minister of India,
Shri Narendra Modiji has introduced the concept of
implementing 100 smart cities in India. Swachh
Bharat Abhiyan was initiated to ensure a clean
environment. Majority of viruses and bacterial
infections develop in polluted environment.
Safeguarding the environment using technology
sources is needed at present. Majority of the public
environment seems to be polluted with the waste
material.
Dustbin is a common means
eans and a basic need
everywhere. It is observed that often the garbage gets
collected, due to irregular removal of garbage present
in the dustbin. So we have to think for the solution on
this problem.
II.
LITERATURE SURVEY
Monika K.A. and her team have made a quantitative
analysis between existing dustbins and their serving
population. In this paper, GSM 900A modem is used
to send the messages. It consists of a GSM/GPRS
modem with standard communication interfaces like
RS-232
232 (Serial Port), USB, so that it can
c be easily
connected to the other devices. The ultrasonic sensor
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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
is used to find the height of garbage filled at different
intervals of time. [1]
GSM 900A modem is used to ship the messages. It
includes a GSM/GPRS modem with preferred
communication interfaces like RS-232 (Serial Port),
USB, so that it may be without problems connected to
the other devices. The ultrasonic sensor is used to find
the peak of garbage stuffed at exclusive durations of
time. In this paper, GSM 900A modem is used to
deliver the messages. It includes a GSM/GPRS
modem with desired communication interfaces like
RS-232 (Serial Port), USB, in order that it can be
without problems connected to the opposite devices.
The ultrasonic sensor is used to discover the height of
rubbish filled at distinctive durations of time. [2]
Each garbage bin is given a no. of id which stores in
database with its location. Weighing sensor is used
measure the load placed of the garbage bin. A/D
converter compares the set limit with input data. If
received threshold level send message to the server
through GSM. After receiving message by the server
the waste disposal vehicle reaches to the desired
location. Then disposal vehicle collect the garbage.
[3]
In this, system is basically based on PIC16F877A
Microcontroller. The input from various sensors goes
to the microcontroller and output of microcontroller is
given to the GPRS module and Compressor. In this
project IOT Garbage Monitoring system is a very
innovative system which will help to keep the cities
clean. This system monitors the garbage bins and
informs about the level of garbage collected in the
garbage bins via a web page. [4]
The improved Garbage bins will contain Arduino kit
with power supply, Ultrasonic sensor on the top of
garbage bin. The working will be to capture the
certain level of garbage filled inside the bin. The
sensors will detect the level and it will pass the
information to the Base Station of the area manager
by sending information about the details of Trash, its
location. On receiving the information the area
manager can immediately deploy a pickup vehicle
(GPS enabled) to clean the garbage bin. The bin gets
cleaned a message of cleaning of that particular bin
will be sent to the area manager. [5]
Intelligent Monitoring System for Garbage Waste
bins . In this proposed system there are multiple dust
bins are located throughout the city, this dust bins are
provided with low cost embedded devices. Global
system for mobile communication is the latest tread
used now a days can be used for our project. Sensors
are placed above the dust bin. It will detect whether
the garbage is at low, middle or highest level. The
main control unit consist of Arduino it will receive the
output signal of sensor, process it and according to
that it will send the message to office user. Along
with detection of depth of garbage simultaneously it
will detect presence of flame or smoke. [6]
In this project IOT Garbage Monitoring system is a
very innovative system which will help to keep the
cities clean. This system monitors the garbage bins
and informs about the level of garbage collected in the
garbage bins via a web page. The web page gives a
graphical view of the garbage bins and highlights the
garbage collected in colour in order to show the level
of garbage collected. IR sensors and ultrasonic
sensors are also helpful for this system. The IR
Sensor-Single is a general purpose proximity sensor.
Here, we use it for collision detection. The module
consists of an IR emitter and IR receiver pair. The
high precision IR receiver always detects an IR signal.
Ultrasonic ranging module provides 2cm - 400cm
non-contact measurement function, the ranging
accuracy can reach to 3mm. The modules include
ultrasonic transmitters, receiver and control circuit.
[7]
Every smart bin is equipped with ultrasonic sensors
which measure the level of dustbin being filled up.
The container is divided into three levels of garbage
being collected in it. With its continuous use the
levels get filled up gradually with time. Every time
the garbage crosses a level the sensors receives the
data of the filled level. This data is further send to the
garbage analyser as instant message using GSM
module. Every message which is received at the
garbage analyser end is being saved as data which is
further used for the process of analysis and predictive
modelling. The data received at real time is used by
the application interface for better viewing of the
filled level. The data received is saved in the database
keeping all its attributes intact as time and date. A
history of data collected in months is used by the
department of data analysis for prediction and report
making. The application interface shows the real time
level to the garbage analyser and using that it directs
its team of garbage collector to collect the garbage to
avoid overflow. The prediction model is designed to
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2456
predict the time in which the every level of containe
container
will be filled in future. This will help the waste
management department to optimize the route for the
collection of waste every time garbage collector
moves around the city for garbage collection. This
helps in saving time, resources of the waste
department
ment and work is then performed in more
efficient manner. [8]
The implementation of smart garbage management
system using sensors, microcontrollers and GSM
module assures the cleaning of dustbins soon when
the garbage level reaches its maximum. If the dus
dustbin
is not cleaned in specific time, then the record is sent
to the higher authority who can take appropriate
action against the concerned contractor. This system
also helps to monitor the fake reports and hence can
reduce the corruption in the overall ma
management
system. This reduce the total number of trips of
garbage collection vehicle and hence reduce the
overall expenditure associated with the garbage
collection. It ultimate helps to keep cleanness in the
society. Smart collection bin works with the se
sensors
will show us the various levels of garbage in the
dustbins and also the weight sensor gets activated to
send its output ahead when its threshold level is
crossed. If dustbins are not cleaned in time, the details
will be forwarded to higher authority. Different
implementation methods are explained in the
remaining parts. The remaining part of the paper is
organized as follows. In Section II survey of all
methods will be described in detail. The paper
concludes with a brief summary in section III. [9]
Here we have figured out a new model for the
municipal dustbins which intimates the centre of
municipality for immediate cleaning of dustbin. This
dustbin is also designed to compress the garbage
periodically thus preventing the unnecessary
occupying of dustbin s space by light weighted but
space occupying garbage particles like sponges, etc.
A leaf switch is pressed by the garbage when it
reaches a particular level and an Arduino Uno is
programmed in such a way that when the garbage
reaches this particular
lar level, intimation is given to the
central hub in the form of glowing of LED. [10]
In our daily life, we see the pictures of garbage bins
being overfull and all the garbage spills out resulting
in pollution. This also increases number of diseases as
large
rge number of insects and mosquitoes breed on it.
So they have built a project by using a combination of
ZigBee
and
Global
System
for
Mobile
Communication. Hence, a combination of both of
these technologies is used in the project. To give a
brief description
on of the project, the sensors are placed
in the common garbage bins placed at the public
places. When the garbage reaches the level of the
sensor, then that indication will be given to ARM 7
Controller. The controller will give indication to the
driver of garbage collection truck as to which garbage
bin is completely filled and needs urgent attention.
ARM 7 will give indication by sending SMS using
GSM technology. [11]
The proposed system would be able to automate the
solid waste monitoring process and management of
the overall collection process using IOT (Internet of
Things). It consist of four main subsystems namely
Smart Trash System (STS), Local Base Station (LBS),
Vehicle System (VS) and Smart Monitoring and
Controlling Hut (SMCH).Whenever the waste
wast bin
gets filled this is acknowledged by placing ZigBee at
the waste bin, which transmits it to the receiver at the
desired place in the area or spot. The received signal
indicates the waste bin status at the monitoring and
controlling system. [12]
III.
PROBLEM DEFINITION
EFINITION
Due to concept of clean city and green city the
garbage bins in the city are being removed. And the
garbage collecting trucks come in between 9 to 5, so a
problem faced by all is deposition of garbage. So we
have come up with this idea.
IV.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
V.
Components
Smart Bin is built on Microcontroller based platform.
The microcontroller is interfaced with motor
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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
controller, sensor array, LED, keypad, servo motor,
etc.
A. Microcontroller
A microcontroller is a small computer on a single
integrated circuit. The PIC16F876/873 devices come
in 28-pin packages and the PIC16F877/874 devices
come in 40-pin packages. The Parallel Slave Port is
not implemented on the 28-pin devices.
Level 3 - Van
The van starts from the given position. Stops below
the container. Firstly the upper lid of the van is
opened. It is controlled by microcontroller. The door
of the container opens and the garbage falls in van.
The lid is closed. Nextly the van starts again and goes
towards next station. After completing the stations the
van move towards the dumping pit, Dumps the
garbage and again starts from the desired location.
There are three memory blocks in each of the
PIC16F87X MCUs. The Program Memory and Data
Memory have separate buses so that concurrent access
can occur and is detailed in this section.
The PIC16F87X devices have a 13-bit program
counter capable of addressing an 8K x 14 program
memory space. The PIC16F877/876 devices have 8K
x 14 words of FLASH program memory, and the
PIC16F873/874 devices have 4K x 14. Accessing a
location above the physically implemented address
will cause a wraparound. The RESET vector is at
0000h and the interrupt vector is at 0004h.
CONCLUSION
B. IR Sensors
1. Monika, Nikitha Rao, Prapulla, Shobha 'Smart
Dustbin-An Efficient Garbage Monitoring System'
Department Computer Science and Engineering R
V College of Engineering, India, DOI
10.4010/2016.1694 2016 IJESC
The IR Sensor is a general purpose sensor. Here we
use this IR sensor for collision detection. The IR
Sensor module consists pair of an IR emitter and IR
receiver. The high precision IR receiver always
detects an IR signal. The module contains LM324
comparator IC for the comparison of threshold value
and output value. The output of sensor is high
whenever it IR frequency and low otherwise. The onboard LED indicator helps user to check status of the
sensor without using any additional hardware.
Power consumption of this pair is comparatively low
and output of this pair is can be obtain in digital form.
VI.
METHODOLOGY
Level 1- building the container
A box is made where the garbage is to be deposited. It
has a two servo doors. Upper and lower. The
container is placed at a certain height from above the
ground because the garbage collecting van should
pass from below it.
Level 2 - Remote Control
This is used to start the garbage collecting van
By implementing this project we will be able to
automatically control the disposal of garbage,
according to that we can collect garbage of particular
area, which will avoid overflow conditions and helps
to reduce pollution as well as different hazards of
health. This system will reduce the wastage of fuel by
reducing number of trips of garbage collection
vehicle. Hence this system will makes the garbage
collection more efficient.
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