Fundamentals of GIS - 1
Options in Civil Engineering
What is Remote Sensing?
• Eyes
• Cave Paintings / Cartography /
/ Aerial Photography / Remote
Sensing data in GIS
• Art and Science of Data
Acquisition about Object, Area
and Phenomenon, through
data analysis and without
being in touch.
Cave Painting
Cartography
Aerial Photo
GIS generated image
• Precursor to GIS
• Raw data acquisition
What is GIS?
•
ESRI's definition of GIS is: An integrated
collection of computer software and data
used to view and manage information
about geographic places, analyze spatial
relationships,
and
model
spatial
processes.
•
A set of tools for collecting, storing,
retrieving at will, transforming and
displaying spatial data from the real
world, for a particular set of purposes.
•
Software and data that enable us to ask
and answer questions involving where
something is and how that location
relates to other things.
Components of GIS?
•
Design
•
Work flow and Organization
•
Specifications
•
Technology
•
Algorithms
•
Research
Questions we can ask from GIS?
• Are certain conditions satisfied?
• What has changed in a place over time?
• What spatial patterns exist?
• What if this condition occurred at another
place?
Types of GIS?
• Desktop GIS: Licensed
like ArcGIS (Interactive,
customised workflows,
user is analyst)
• Server GIS: Non
Interactive
• Web GIS (Google earth):
consumer oriented
Basic Terminology in GIS?
• Vector and Raster
• Geodatabase
• Shapefile
• Map Document
• Geoprocessing
• Layer
• Scale
• DEM
• Python
• Basemap
GIS in Civil Engineering?
• Infrastructure management
• Planning and site location
• Large data sets
• Environmental analysis
• Creating, Managing, Organizing,
• Infrastructure design
Visualizing,
• Data sharing and Policy making
• Construction management
• Data collection and in-built
surveying
• Operations and maintenance
GIS Fields
GIS sub fields related to Civil Engineering
Navigation data
Ecological Services
Population data
Species Range
Documentation
Town Planning
Watershed
Management
Smart
Agriculture
Disaster
Management
Flood analysis
Resource
Placement
Environment
• Preparedness
• Recovery
• Rehabilitation
• Prevention
• Mitigation
• Relief
• Response
• Prediction
• Warning System
• Evacuation
• Crisis Information
• Relief supplies
GIS in Transportation Engineering
• Highway Management
• Traffic Analysis
• Accident Analysis
• Route Planning
• Urban Planning
• Animal Corridor Management
• Disaster management in hilly
roads
GIS in Engineering Geology
• Structural Geology
• Terrain analysis
• Landslide analysis
• Geophysics
• Geochemistry
• Environmental Geology
GIS in Structural Engineering
• By incorporating 3D GIS maps
• Traditional design strategies
• Benefit from past failures.
• Interactive overlays
• 3D models
• Engineers “see” problems before
the first ton of concrete is poured
GIS in Irrigation Engineering /
Smart Agriculture
• Soil Moisture and nutrient
analysis
• Drone irrigation
• Crop management / Harvesting
• Manpower management