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18 Rules of Inference

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Natural Deduction: 18 Rules of Inference
8 RULES OF IMPLICATION
1. Modus Ponens (MP)
5.
Constructive Dilemma (CD)
α⊃β
(α⊃β) · (γ⊃δ)
α
α∨γ
∴ β
∴ β∨δ
2. Modus Tollens (MT)
6.
Simplification (Simp)
α·β
α⊃β
∴ α
~β
∴ ~α
3. Hypothetical Syllogism (HS)
7.
Conjunction (Conj)
α⊃β
α
β⊃γ
β
∴ α⊃γ
∴ α·β
8.
4. Disjunctive Syllogism (DS)
Addition (Add)
α∨β
α
∴ α∨β
~α
∴ β
10 RULES OF REPLACEMENT
9.
10.
11.
De Morgan’s Theorems (DM)
::
~α ∨ ~β
α∨β
::
β∨α
~ (α ∨ β)
::
~α · ~β
α·β
::
β·α
Association (Assoc)
15.
Distribution (Dist)
α ∨ (β ∨ γ)
::
(α ∨ β) ∨ γ
α · (β ∨ γ)
::
(α · β) ∨ (α · γ)
α · (β · γ)
::
(α · β) · γ
α ∨ (β · γ)
::
(α ∨ β) · (α ∨ γ)
Double Negation (DN)
::
16.
~~α
Material Implication (Impl)
α⊃β
13.
Commutation (Com)
~ (α · β)
α
12.
14.
::
(α · β)⊃γ
::
α⊃β
17.
~α ∨ β
Exportation (Exp)
18.
α⊃(β⊃γ)
Transposition (Trans)
::
~β⊃~α
Material Equivalence (Equiv)
α≡β
::
(α⊃β) · (β⊃α)
α≡β
::
(α · β) ∨ (~α · ~β)
Tautology (Taut)
α
::
α∨α
α
::
α ·α
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