HORMONE
PP2 #9-13;
PP4 #24; See
Notes Lect 4
, pg3-4
PP3 #28-29,
PP4 #13, 2122
FUNCTION
↑↓ NET
ENERGY
AVAILABILITY
STIMULUS
Growth Hormone
(GH)
Stimulates cell division &
growth
↑
Various stimuli
in
hypothalamus:
time of day, age,
nutrient level in
blood, stress &
exercise
Glucagon
Stimulates liver to convert
glycogen into glucose;
raises BGL
↑
Low BGL
PP3, #28-29
& PP4 #1320
PP3, #2-9 &
PP4, #2-12
Insulin
stimulates body cells to
uptake glucose; lowers BGL
Thyroid Hormone
(T3/T4)
increases metabolic rate of
body's cells (Cellular
respiration!)
PP3 #12
Melatonin
PP3 #16-17;
photo of
Aldosterone
board; Notes (Mineralocorticoid)
Lect4
PP3, #16-17,
22-27; PP4
#23; Notes
Lect 4 two
diff pages
Cortisol AKA:
Corticosterone
(Glucocorticoid)
↓
↑BGL (eating)
↑AAL ↑GI
Hormones
↑PNS
Stimulation/Hor
mones
(INHIBITED BY:
SNS Stimulation
(EPI))
↑
Low [BL], cold
weather,
pregnancy, high
altitude, &
hypoglycemia
NA?
Controls NA/K Pumps
NA?
stimulates conversion of
non-carbohydrates (such as
fats) into glucose
↑
Stress & Diurnal
(Circadian)
Rhythm
Epinephrine
PP3 #16, 18(catacholamine/adren
20, 27
aline)
Norepinephrine
PP3 #16, 18(catacholamine/adren
20, 27;
aline)
PP3 #16;
Adrenal Androgens
Notes Lect4 (Gonadocorticoids)
PP3 #30
Testosterone
PP3 #31
Estrogen
PP3 #31
Progesterone
↑
↑
↑
↑
↑
↑
EFFECTOR ORGAN
EFFECTOR ORGANS'
RESPONSES
Adipose
↑lipolysis
↓lipogenesis
↓GLC uptake
↑AA uptake= protein
synthesis
↑GLC output by
glycogenolysis &
Liver
gluconeogenesis
↓glycogenesis
Release of IGF-1
↑cell division, cell
differentiation,
protein synthesis &
bone growth,
stimulates muscle,
cartilage, adipose
Bone & All cells of body
EFFECTS ON BGL:
↑lipolysis ↑AA
uptake ↑protein
synthesis
↑DNA/RNA synthesis
promotes growth &
repair
Muscles
(Major) Liver
(Minor) Adipose
↑glycogenolysis
↓gluconeogenesis
↓glycogen synthesis
Breakdown fatty acids
→ketone bodies
(acid)
↑ketogenesis
(net effect ↑GLC)
↑lipolysis
↓lipogenesis
↑fatty acids &
glycerol
NET EFFECTS
NOTES
SLEEP CYCLE:
higest in 1st 1/2
of sleep
1/2
Life: 620min….............
protein
synthesis,
releases
glucose,
glycerol & fatty
acids into BS=
fuel…..Cortisol
takes over in
the 2nd half
No change in
AA or proteins
Liver (Top GLC storage
(as glycogen))
Adipose Tissue
Most Cells of Body
Metabolism
Sympathmomemetic
Cardiovascular
CNS
Liver
Adipose
All Cells
Metabolic Effects
↑glycogenesis
↓glycogenolysis
↓gluconeogenesis
↑fatty acid uptake
↑glucose uptake
↑lipogenesis
↓lipolysis
↑GLC uptake ↑AA
uptake ↑protein
synthesis
Net Effects:
↓BGL ↓BFAL
↓BAAL
↑Protein
synthesis
↑Fuel Storage
↑metabolic rate & heat
production; ↑cellular
respiration enzymes
(mitochondria)
enhancement of growth
↑ATP productino
↑oxygen demand (Lungs:
↑breathing rate)
all of the above ↑Na-K
↑ Target cell
pumps in neuro
receptors for EPI & NE
↑ sympathetic activity
↑ HR ↑FOC
all of the above
Normal Dev (children)
All of the above ↑CNS
Normal activity
development;
(adults)
Liver: ↑glucose
release Adipose:
↑FA release Bodywide: ↑glucose
uptake
Skeletal muscles:
↑protein anabolism
↑ glycogenolysis
↑gluconeogenesis
↓glycogenesis
High doses ↑
Na+, H20
↓inflammation
↑GLCBL ↑AABL
↓immune
↑FABL (Metabolic fuels
↑lipolysis
system
and available building
↓lipogenisis
↓connective
↑protein catabolism blocks available to help
tissue
resist stress
↓glucose uptake
repair…...Takes
↑gluconeogenisis
over 2nd 1/2 of
↓glucose uptake
sleep after GH
↑protein catabolism
↑lipolysis (alternate
fuel source)