Define the following terms
1. Genetic engineering
2. Vector
3. Biotechnology
4. Transgenic organisms
5. Gene pool
6. Herbicides
7. Pesticides
8. Bt toxins
9. Golden rice
10. In breeding
11. Importance of inoculation
12. Tissue culture
13. Agar medium
14. Explants
15. How to use fermenter
16. Selective breeding
Selective breeding
Genetic engineering
1a. What is a gene? (1 mark)
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1b. Where do you find genes? (1 mark)
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1c. What is a gamete? (1 mark)
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2. Raspberries are able to produce many plants from one parent
plant.
a) Producing new plants from one parent is called? (Choose one)
i) asexual reproduction
ii) Sexual reproduction
iii) Genetic engineering.
(1 mark)
b) The advantage will be that the raspberries will? (Choose one)
i) Be bigger
ii) All taste better
iii) All taste the same
(1 mark)
3. Explain the process of sexual reproduction.
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(3 marks)
4. Tissue culture techniques mean that 50,000 new raspberry
plants can be cloned from one plant. How is tissue culture
different than taking cuttings?
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(2 marks)
5. Cloning embryos from the best bred cows means that they
can be genetically responsible for 30 or more calves every year,
instead of two or three.
What are the steps involved in cloning cows from an embryo?
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(5 marks)
6. Human growth is usually controlled by growth hormone
produced by the pituitary gland in the brain, if you don’t produce
enough hormones you don’t grow properly and remain very
small. This condition affects 1 in 5000 children. Until recently the
only way to get growth hormone was from the pituitary glands of
dead bodies. Genetically engineered bacteria can now make pure
growth hormone.
a) Explain the steps involved in taking the gene for human
growth hormone and putting it into a bacterial cell.
(5 marks)
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b) What are the advantages of making human growth hormone
this way rather than from dead bodies?
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(1 mark)
7. In 2003 two horses called Idaho Star and Idaho Gem were
born in America. They were genetically identical clones, born to
two different mothers of another famous racehorse, Idaho River.
Both seemed very healthy. They were separated and sent to
different stables and grew up in different stables and received
different training.
Idaho Gem has been a lot more successful than his cloned
brother Idaho Star, winning several races against horses bred in
the usual way.
a) Explain the steps involved in taking cells from Idaho River and
creating a clone.
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(5 marks)
b) What reasons might there be for Idaho Gem being more
successful than his Idaho Star, even though they are genetically
identical?
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(1 marks)
c) Cloning horses this way is an example of asexual reproduction,
explain why this is.
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(1 mark)
Total = 28 marks
A* = (25-28) A = (22-24) B = (20-21) C (17-19) D = (14-16)
E = (11-13) F= (8-10) U = (0-7)