1. A student tested to see if adding fertilizer would help her tomato plants produce more tomatoes. She added fertilizer
to one row of tomatoes, and did not add fertilizer to the other row. The fertilized row grew twice the number of
tomatoes!
a. What is the independent variable for this experiment? ___________________________
b. What is the dependent variable for this experiment? ____________________________
c. Why did she only add fertilizer to one row? ________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
d. What do you think her hypothesis is? _____________________________________________________
2. Complete the following table by identifying the observations as quantitative or qualitative observations.
3. How are science and technology
related? _______________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
4. Is the hypothesis “babies like the
color orange best” a good
hypothesis? Explain.
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
5. Describe why the “Big Bang Theory” is called a Theory, and Newton’s “First Law of Motion” is called a Law.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
6.
Which state of matter has the lowest amount of energy? __________________________________
7.
Which state of matter has the highest forces of attraction between its particles? ____________________________
8.
A sample of gas is held at constant pressure. Increasing the kelvin temperature of this gas causes the average kinetic
energy of its particles to ______________________________.
9.
As a piece of ice cools from 273 K to 263 K, the average kinetic energy of it particles will _____________________.
10.
What term is defined as a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance? _______________
11.
Particles of matter have spaces between them and are in constant motion. Which state of matter has the most
space between its particles and are moving at the greatest speed?________________________________________
12.
Which of the following substances has vibrating particles in regular, fixed positions? _________________________
Mg(s), Hg(l), Cl2(g), CaCl2(aq)
13.
How are the terms atom and element related? _______________________________________________________
14.
Which state of matter has a definite volume, but takes the shape of its container? _____________________
___ 15. Which pair is classified as pure substances?
a. compounds and solutions
b. mixtures and solutions
c. elements and mixtures
d. compounds and elements
___ 16. Which of the following represent a chemical compound?
a. Cr
b. CO
c. Au
d. Mg
___ 17. Which substance can be decomposed by chemical means?
a. calcium
b. argon
c. sodium chloride
d. aluminum
___ 18. Two different samples decompose when heated. Only one of the samples is soluble in water. Based on this
information, these two samples are
a. both the same element
c. two different elements
b. two different compounds
d. both the same compound
___ 19. Which substances can not be broken down by chemical change?
a. C and Cu
b. C and CuO
c. CO2 and CuO
d. CO2 and Cu
___ 20. Which particle diagram represents only one pure substance?
21.
A homogeneous mixture is also known as a __________________________________.
22. What separation technique would most likely be used to separate sand and water? __________________________
___ 23. What physical property is used in the process of distillation?
a. melting point
b. boiling point
c. heat of fusion
d. heat of vaporization
___ 24. A compound differs from a mixture in that a compound always has
a. a maximum of two components.
c. a definite composition.
b. a heterogeneous composition.
d. at least three components
___ 25. Which of the following is a homogeneous mixture?
a. Na(s)
b. H2O(l)
c. Cl2(g)
d. NaCl(aq)
___ 26. Which of the following substances is a mixture?
a. air
b. water
c. methane
d. potassium
___ 27. Which of the following terms is a term that could refer to heterogeneous matter?
a. element
b. mixture
c. compound d. solution
___ 28. Which particle diagram below represents a mixture of element A and element B?
___ 29. Salt is dissolved in water. This combination would best be described as a
a. homogeneous compound
c. heterogeneous compound
b. homogeneous mixture
d. heterogeneous mixture
___ 30. Stainless steel contains up to 90% iron, at least 10.5% chromium, around 1.2% carbon, and other trace elements
such as silicon, manganese, and molybdenum. Because these percentages can vary , steel is classified as a
a. element
b. compound
c. substance
d. mixture
______ 33. Which container(s) represents an element?
______ 34. Which container(s) represents a mixture of two elements?
______ 35. Which container(s) represents a mixture?
______ 36. Which container(s) represents a compound?
______ 37. Which container(s) represents a mixture of two
different compounds?
______ 38. Which container(s) represents a physical change?
39. The mass of a solid is 6.75 g and its volume is
3.5 cm3. What is the density of the solid?
Graphing density answers from the Study Guide:
1.
2.
3.
40. A rectangular tank measuring 27.0 cm x 7.0 cm x 11.25 cm
contains a gas sample that has a density of 0.020 g/mL. What is
the mass of the gas contained in the tank?
1. A student tested to see if adding fertilizer would help her tomato plants produce more tomatoes. She added fertilizer
to one row of tomatoes, and did not add fertilizer to the other row. The fertilized row grew twice the number of
tomatoes!
a. What is the independent variable for this experiment? Fertilizer
b. What is the dependent variable for this experiment? Number of tomatoes
c. Why did she only add fertilizer to one row? to have something to compare to—to show what would
have happened without fertilizer. Some students may recall the term control.
d. What do you think her hypothesis is? The addition of fertilizer will produce more tomatoes
2. Complete the following table by identifying the observations as quantitative or qualitative observations.
3. How are science and technology
related? Science is the search for
scientific knowledge. Technology
takes that knowledge and makes it
useful for the public.
4. Is the hypothesis “babies like the
color orange best” a good
hypothesis? Explain.
No. It is not testable. Babies can’t
tell which color they prefer.
5. Describe why the “Big Bang Theory” is called a Theory, and Newton’s “First Law of Motion” is called a Law.
The Big Bang Theory is an explanation about how the world began. Newton’s First Law of Motion is a law because
it is a statement about what happens.
6.
Which state of matter has the lowest amount of energy? solids
7.
Which state of matter has the highest forces of attraction between its particles? solids
8.
A sample of gas is held at constant pressure. Increasing the kelvin temperature of this gas causes the average kinetic
energy of its particles to increase.
9.
As a piece of ice cools from 273 K to 263 K, the average kinetic energy of it particles will decrease.
10.
What term is defined as a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance? temperature
11.
Particles of matter have spaces between them and are in constant motion. Which state of matter has the most
space between its particles and are moving at the greatest speed? gases
12.
Which of the following substances has vibrating particles in regular, fixed positions? Mg (s)
Mg(s), Hg(l), Cl2(g), CaCl2(aq)
13.
How are the terms atom and element related? Atoms make up elements. An element has only one type of atoms.
14.
Which state of matter has a definite volume, but takes the shape of its container? liquids
D 15. Which pair is classified as pure substances?
a. compounds and solutions
b. mixtures and solutions
c. elements and mixtures
d. compounds and elements
B 16. Which of the following represent a chemical compound?
a. Cr
b. CO
c. Au
d. Mg
C 17. Which substance can be decomposed by chemical means?
a. calcium
b. argon
c. sodium chloride
d. aluminum
B 18. Two different samples decompose when heated. Only one of the samples is soluble in water. Based on this
information, these two samples are
a. both the same element
c. two different elements
b. two different compounds
d. both the same compound
A 19. Which substances can not be broken down by chemical change?
a. C and Cu
b. C and CuO
c. CO2 and CuO
d. CO2 and Cu
B 20. Which particle diagram represents only one pure substance?
21.
A homogeneous mixture is also known as a solution.
22. What separation technique would most likely be used to separate sand and water? filtration
B 23. What physical property is used in the process of distillation?
a. melting point
b. boiling point
c. heat of fusion
d. heat of vaporization
C 24. A compound differs from a mixture in that a compound always has
a. a maximum of two components.
c. a definite composition.
b. a heterogeneous composition.
d. at least three components
D 25. Which of the following is a homogeneous mixture?
a. Na(s)
b. H2O(l)
c. Cl2(g)
d. NaCl(aq)
A 26. Which of the following substances is a mixture?
a. air
b. water
c. methane
d. potassium
B 27. Which of the following terms is a term that could refer to heterogeneous matter?
a. element
b. mixture
c. compound d. solution
C 28. Which particle diagram below represents a mixture of element A and element B?
B 29. Salt is dissolved in water. This combination would best be described as a
a. homogeneous compound
c. heterogeneous compound
b. homogeneous mixture
d. heterogeneous mixture
D 30. Stainless steel contains up to 90% iron, at least 10.5% chromium, around 1.2% carbon, and other trace elements
such as silicon, manganese, and molybdenum. Because these percentages can vary , steel is classified as a
a. element
b. compound
c. substance
d. mixture
C & E 33. Which container(s) represents an element?
A & F 34. Which container(s) represents a mixture of two elements?
A, B, F 35. Which container(s) represents a mixture?
D
36. Which container(s) represents a compound?
B
37. Which container(s) represents a mixture of two
different compounds?
E
38. Which container(s) represents a physical change?
39. The mass of a solid is 6.75 g and its volume is
3.5 cm3. What is the density of the solid?
#
$
%. '( )
!=
*. ( +#*
!=
! = ,. - )/+#*
40. A rectangular tank measuring 27.0 cm x 7.0 cm x 11.25 cm
contains a gas sample that has a density of 0.020 g/mL. What is
the mass of the gas contained in the tank?
V = lwh
V = 27.0 cm x 7.0 cm x 11.25 cm
V = 2100 cm3 = 2100 mL (2126.25 cm3)
# = !$
Graphing density answers from the Study Guide:
1. 80 g
2. 4 g/cm3
3. 8 g/cm3
# = A. ABA )/#C B,AA #C
# = DB )