What is Robot?
Robots are machines that help humans with tasks that are difficult,
dangerous, or just boring. Robots are very advanced machines.
A robot can be defined as a programmable, self-controlled device
consisting of electronic, electrical and mechanical unit.
Or
A reprogrammable, multifunctional, automatic industrial machine
designed to replace human in hazardous work.
It can be used as:
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An automatic machine sweeper
An automatic car for a child to play with
In space
In healthcare
In military and many more
What is Robotics?
Robotics is a branch of technology that deals with the making,
programming, and designing of robots. In short “Study and application of
Robot”.
Engineers, mathematicians and computer scientists work together to build
robots that move, have power and sensors, and complete tasks.
Why Robotics is needed?
Robotics is needed because:
•Speed
• Can work in hazardous/dangerous temperature
• Can do repetitive tasks
• Can do work with accuracy
History of Robot
The term "robot" was first used in 1920 in a play called "R.U.R." Or
"Rossum's universal robots" by the Czech writer Karel Capek.
The word “Robot” comes from the word “Robota”, meaning in Czech
“forced labour, drudgery.”
The Three laws of Robotics
Asimov also proposed his three "Laws of Robotics", and he later added a
“zeroth law”.
Zeroth Law: A robot may not injure humanity,
or, through inaction, allow humanity to come to
harm
First Law: A robot may not injure a human
being or through inaction, allow a human being
to come to harm.
Second Law: A robot must obey orders given it by human beings, except
where such orders would conflict with a first law.
Third Law: A robot must protect its own existence as long as such
protection does not conflict first law.
Types of Robots
Robots vary hugely in size, shape, and capabilities. Generally, there are
five types of robots:
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Pre-Programmed Robots.
Humanoid Robots.
Autonomous Robots.
Teleoperated Robots.
Augmenting Robots.
Pre-Programmed Robots: Pre-programmed robots operate in a controlled
environment where they do simple, monotonous
tasks. An example of a pre-programmed robot would
be a mechanical arm on an automotive assembly line.
The arm serves one function — to weld a door on, to
insert a certain part into the engine, etc. — and its job
is to perform that task longer, faster and more
efficiently than a human.
Humanoid Robots: Humanoid robots are robots that look like and/or
mimic human behaviour. These robots usually
perform human-like activities (like running,
jumping and carrying objects), and are
sometimes designed to look like us, even having
human faces and expressions. Two of the most
prominent examples of humanoid robots are
Hanson Robotics Sophia and Boston Dynamics Atlas.
Autonomous Robots: Autonomous robots operate
independently of human operators. These robots
are usually designed to carry out tasks in open
environments that do not require human
supervision. An example of an autonomous robot
would be the Roomba vacuum cleaner, which uses
sensors to roam throughout a home freely.
Teleoperated Robots: Teleoperated robots are
mechanical bots controlled by humans. These robots
usually work in extreme geographical conditions,
weather, circumstances, etc. Examples of
teleoperated robots are the human-controlled
submarines used to fix underwater pipe leaks during
the BP oil spill or drones used to detect landmines on
a battlefield.
From Diffusing Bombs to Performing Surgery, VR Robots Have Some
Amazing Uses.
Augmenting Robots: Augmenting robots
either enhance current human capabilities or
replace the capabilities a human may have
lost. Some examples of augmenting robots are
robotic prosthetic limbs or exoskeletons used
to lift hefty weights.
Robot Components
Manipulator or Rover: Main body of robot (Links, Joints, another
structural element of the robot)
End Effecter: The part that is connected to the last joint hand) of a
manipulator.
Actuators: Muscles of the manipulators (servomotor, stepper motor,
pneumatic and hydraulic cylinder).
Sensors: To collect information about the internal state of the robot or to
communicate with the outside environment.
Controller: Similar to cerebellum. It controls and coordinates the motion
of the actuators.
Processor: The brain of the robot. It calculates the motions and the
velocity of the robot’s joints, etc.
Software: Operating system, robotic software and the collection of
routines.
Advantages….
 Going too far away planets.
 Going far down into the unknown waters and mines where humans
would be crushed
 Giving us information, that humans can't get
 Working at places 24/7 without any salary and food. Also they don't
get bored
 They can perform tasks faster than humans and much more
consistently and accurately
 Most of them are automatic so they can go around by themselves
without any human interference.
Disadvantages….
 People can lose jobs in factories
 It needs a supply of power
 It needs maintenance to keep it running.
 It costs money to make or buy a robot
Different images of robots