What biochemical test will differentiate nonfermenters from Enterobacteriaceae (except
Plesiomonas)?
Oxidase
What substances do nonfermenters fail to ferment?
Carbohydrates
What is a not a characteristic of nonfermenters?
indole positive
The three species of nonfermenters that make up the majority of isolates routinely seen in clinical
laboratories are?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
What nonfermenter is the leading cause of nosocomial pneumonia and bacteremia?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
What organism causes pulmonary disease among individuals with cystic fibrosis?
P. aeruginosa
Prognostic factors associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia
Septic shock, Granulocytopenia, septic metastatic lesions. not anemia
Which of the following is a virulence factor of Psedomonas aeruginosa?
Edotoxin, Exotoxins, capsule
Despite all its virulence factors, what type of pathogen is Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
opportunistic
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is resistant to all the following antimicrobial agents EXCEPT:
Fluoroquinolones
What two species of Pseudomonas have been linked to transfusion-associated septicemia?
P. putida and P. fluorescens
What is the name of the genus of organisms that colonized 45% of all tracheotomy patients?
Acinetobacter spp.
What organisms, which are gram-negative coccobacilli, can appear as gram-positive cocci in smears
made from blood culture bottles?
Acinetobacter spp.
In what single setting does Stenotrophomonas maltophilia produce all its desease?
Nosocomial
What organism is associated with pneumonia in patients with cystic fibrosis or chronic granulomatous
desease (CGD)?
Burkholderia cepacia
What nonfermenter produces a weak, slow, positive oxidase reaction?
Burkholderia cepacia
Which plant pathogen may be mistaken for Burkholderia cepacia?
gladioli
What is the causative agent of glanders?
B. mallei
What organism causes melioidosis?
B. pseudomallei
Burkholderia pseudomallei is found in all the following areas except? New Zealand, Northern
Australia, Mexico, Southeast Asia.
New Zealand
Chryseobacterium meningosepticum causes all the following diseases EXCEPT: pneumonia,
gastroenteritis, endocarditis, meningitis.
Gastroenteritis
Characteristics of Moraxella include?
Oxidase positive and nonmotile, Biochemically inert and aerobic, susceptible to penicillin and
opportunistic pathogens.
Members of the Alcaligenes are usually susceptible to all the following antibiotics EXCEPT:
aminoglycosides, cefoperazone, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SXT), piperacillin.
Aminoglycosides
What organism is an opportunistic pathogen that strikes the immunocompromised patient with
neutrophil deficits and produces a violet pigment on nonselective agar?
Chromobacterium violaceum
What is unique about the Sphingobacterium spp.?
Sphingophospholipids in the cell wall
What is the most common member of the genus Moraxella isolated in the clinical laboratory?
Moraxella nonliquefaciens
Which nonfermenter is considered by government agencies to be a potential bioterrorist agent?
Burkholderia mallei
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is resistant to all the following antimicrobial agents EXCEPT:
Fluoroquinolones
In what single setting does Stenotrophomonas maltophilia produce all its disease
Nosocomial
What nonfermenter may produce a weak, slow, positive oxidase reaction
Burkholderia cepacia
A microbiologist is reading the plates from a sputum culture. On the sheep blood agar (SBA), she
sees flat spreading colonies with a metallic sheen. On cetrimide agar, she sees a fluorescent green
color in the media with clear colonies. On MacConkey, she sees medium clear colonies that have a
fruity or grape-like odor. What is the most likely organism?
P. aeruginosa
What is the most common member of the genus Moraxella isolated in the clinical laboratory
Moraxella nonliquefaciens
Elizabethkingae (Chryseobacterium) meningosepticum causes all the following diseases EXCEPT:
Gastroenteritis
What organism is associated with pneumonia in patients with cystic fibrosis or chronic granulomatous
disease (CGD)
Burkholderia cepacia
Which nonfermenter is considered by government agencies to be a potential bioterrorist agent?
Burkholderia mallei
The three species of nonfermenters that make up the majority of isolates routinely seen in clinical
laboratories include all the following EXCEPT
P. putida
Which of the following is a virulence factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
All of the above
All of the following are characteristics of nonfermenters EXCEPT:
Indole positive
What two species of Pseudomonas have been linked to transfusion-associated septicemia?
P. putida and P. fluorescens
What biochemical test will differentiate nonfermenters from Enterobacteriaceae (except
Plesiomonas)?
Oxidase
What substances do nonfermenters fail to ferment
Carbohydrates
Name three characteristics of nonfermenters
Thin gram negative rod or coccobacilli, Oxidase positive, resistant to many antibiotics, Alk/Alk on TSI
What is the name of the genus of organisms that colonized 45% of all tracheotomy patients
Acinetobacter spp.
Anaerobes outnumber aerobes in all of the following locations except:
skin
All the following organisms are found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract except:
Propionibacterium
What type of bacteria are in the genus Clostridium?
Spore-forming anaerobic bacilli
What organism mostly commonly causes gas gangrene?
Clostridium perfringens
An immunosuppressed patient notices sinus tracts that are draining pus. He also notices that there
appear to be small, hard "nuggets" in the pus. What disease will his doctor most likely diagnose?
Actinomycosis
Bacterial vaginosis is a synergistic infectious process involving all the following bacteria except:
Eubacterium
What are two important factors that must be taken into consideration when transporting specimens for
anaerobic culture?
Minimizing exposure to oxygen and preventing drying out
Which of the following is considered a better specimen for anaerobic culture than a swab?
Aspirate
Gram stains of specimens for anaerobic cultures should be examined for all the following reasons
except:
the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines recommend Gram stains on all
anaerobic specimens.
How long are anaerobic cultures routinely held in the laboratory?
5 to 7 days
What disk is used to presumptively identify Peptostreptococcus anaerobius?
Sodium polyanethol sulfonate
All of the following techniques are used for making definitive identification of anaerobes except:
mass spectroscopy.
A microbiology technologist is reading an anaerobic culture and observes a double zone of hemolysis
on an anaerobically incubated sheep blood agar plate. The Gram stain of that organism was a
boxcar-shaped, gram-positive bacillus. What organism is this?
Clostridium perfringens
A microbiology technologist is reading an anaerobic plate from an intestinal abscess. There is growth
on the Bacteroides bile esculin (BBE) plate: gray colonies with a brown color in the area around the
colonies. There is also a dark precipitate in the medium in the areas of heavy growth. The
microbiologist Gram stains the colonies and observes gram-negative coccobacilli. What is the
presumptive identification of this organism?
Bacteroides fragilis
All of the following reasons are cited for performing antimicrobial susceptibility testing on anaerobes
by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) except to:
determine the resistance mechanisms in anaerobes.
All of the following are approaches to treating anaerobic infections except:
enzyme inactivators.
A microbiology technologist is reading an anaerobic culture and observes a double zone of hemolysis
on an anaerobically incubated sheep blood agar plate. The gram stain of that organism shows
boxcar-shaped, gram-positive bacillus. What organism is this?
Clostridium perfringens
A microbiology technologist is reading an anaerobic plate from an intestinal abscess. There is growth
on the Bacteroides bile esculin (BBE) plate: gray colonies with a brown color in the area around
colonies. There is also a dark precipitate in the medium in the areas of heavy growth. The
microbiologist Gram-stains the colonies and observes the gram-negative bacilli. What is the
presumptive identification of this organism?
B. fragilis
How is the true Gram stain reaction of an anaerobe determined?
Special potency disks
What evidence indicates the presence of anaerobes in cultures?
-A foul odor upon opening an anaerobic jar or bag
-Growth on the anaerobic plates, but not on the sheep blood agar plates incubated in the CO2
incubator
-Colonies on kanamycin-vancomycin laked blood agar (KVLBA) that fluoresce brick-red under UV
light
-All of the above
The four major groups of anaerobic gram-negative bacilli include all of the following EXCEPT:
-Mobiluncus
-Prevotella
-Bacteroides fragilis
-Porphyromonas
NOT Mobiluncus
The HACEK group includes all of the following EXCEPT:
-Clostridium difficile
-Haemophilus spp.
-Cardiobacterium hominis
-Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
NOT Clostridium difficile
Some anaerobes are particularly susceptible to oxygen because they lack the enzyme (blank).
Superoxide dismutase
What test determines whether a microorganism is a strict of facultative anaerobe?
Aerotolerance test
What type of bacteria are in the genus Clostridium?
Spore-forming anaerobic bacilli
Which of these is an abscess that extends more deeply into the subcutaneous fat and may have
multiple draining sites?
Carbuncle