Sustainable hydrogen production technologies Low carbon processes (CHEE4074 UNUK) Hydrogen production technology presently V. Cardoso, B. B. Romão, F. T. M. Silva, J. G. Santos, F. R. X. Batista, and J. S. Ferreira, “Hydrogen production by dark fermentation,” Chem. Eng. Trans., vol. 38, pp. 481–486, 2014. Hydrogen production pathways P. Nikolaidis and A. Poullikkas, “A comparative overview of hydrogen production processes,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 67, no. January 2018, pp. 597–611, 2017. Hydrogen production from fossil fuels Traditional technology : steam reforming Industrial proven technology For this technology, the environmental benefits of the downstream hydrogen utilization are diminished. High production of carbon dioxide Can be retrofitted with carbon capture technologies Retrofitting steam reforming with this technology is still fairly in the development phase Issues with storage space Still dependent on finite fossil fuels Therefore not sustainable way to produce hydrogen Hydrogen from renewable energy sources M. Wang, G. Wang, Z. Sun, Y. Zhang, and D. Xu, “Review of renewable energy-based hydrogen production processes for sustainable energy innovation,” Glob. Energy Interconnect., vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 436–443, 2019. Hydrogen production from biomass A. Demirbas, “Hydrogen production from biomass via supercritical water gasification,” Energy Sources, Part A Recover. Util. Environ. Eff., vol. 32, no. 14, pp. 1342–1354, 2010. Hydrogen production from water K. Christopher and R. Dimitrios, “A review on exergy comparison of hydrogen production methods from renewable energy sources,” Energy Environ. Sci., vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 6640–6651, 2012. Hydrogen production from nuclear M. Hori, "Nuclear Energy for Transportation: Paths Through Electricity, Hydrogen and Liquid Fuels," Prog. Nucl. Energy 50 411 (2008). Factors to consider to produce sustainable hydrogen Peng, K., Morrow, G., Xiaolei, Z., Tipeng, W., Zhongfu, T. and Agarwa, J. (2017). Systematic comparison of hydrogen production from fossil fuels and biomass resources. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, [online] 10(6), pp.192–200. Available at: https://pure.strath.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/89113683/Kang_etal_IJABE_2017_Systematic_comparison_of_hydrogen_production_from_fossil.pdf [Accessed 21 Apr. 2020]. Maturity of hydrogen production technologies Kalamaras, Christos & Efstathiou, Angelos. (2013). Hydrogen Production Technologies: Current State and Future Developments. Conference Papers in Energy. 203. 1-11. Comparison between RES, nuclear energy and fossil fuels H2 production C. Acar and I. Dincer, “Comparative assessment of hydrogen production methods from renewable and non-renewable sources,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 1–12, 2014. Comparison between Gasification and Electrolysis P. Kang, G. Morrow, X. L. Zhang, T. P. Wang, Z. F. Tan, and J. Agarwal, “Systematic comparison of hydrogen production from fossil fuels and biomass resources,” Int. J. Agric. Biol. Eng., vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 192–200, 2017. Comparison between Gasification and Electrolysis P. Kang, G. Morrow, X. L. Zhang, T. P. Wang, Z. F. Tan, and J. Agarwal, “Systematic comparison of hydrogen production from fossil fuels and biomass resources,” Int. J. Agric. Biol. Eng., vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 192–200, 2017. Conclusion Biomass gasification presents the earliest and most cost-effective way for the production of renewable hydrogen. Hydrogen production technology based on biomass has certain advantages over others both economically and environmentally among the hydrogen production technologies based on renewable energy. In particular, the environmental effect of hydrogen production through biomass usage is smaller than the other approaches under the same assessment conditions as other research, making it a possible candidate for an environmentally friendly hydrogen.