Formulae
volume of solute
% (v/v) 
 100%
volume of solution
% (w/w)
mass of solute
 100 %
mass of solution
Acid dissociati on constant ,


[ H ][ A ]
Ka 
[ HA ]
Acid concentrat ion ,
[H  ]  K a  c ; pH   log [ H  ]
E
Arrhenius equation , ln k  ln A  a
RT
V
V
Avogadro ' s law , 1 = 2
n1 n2
Base dissociation cons tant ,
[ B  ][ OH  ]
Kb 
[ BOH ]
Base concentrat ion ,
[OH  ]  K b  c ; pOH  log [OH  ]
Boiling po int elevation , Tb  K bm
Boyle ' s law , P1V1  P2 V2
V
V
Charles ' law , 1 = 2
T1 T2
Combined gas law ,
Energy , E  hf Equilibrium con stan t , K c 
[C ]c [ D]d
[ A] a [ B ] b
( P )c ( P )d
Equilibrium con stan t , K p  C a D b
( PA ) ( PB )
Formal  No. of valence e

charge  in free atoms

Molarity 
amount of solute(moles)
volume of solution(L)
 RT
o
Nerst equation , Ecell  Ecell

 nF
Osmotic pressure ,   MRT
 1  No. of
 
 2  bonding e 


  No. of lone 


  pair e  
 

Freezing point depression , T f  K f m
Partial pressure , PA  X A Ptotal
Raoult ' s law, PA  X A PAo
Reaction quotient , Q 
Gas solubility , Sg  kPg
Heat flow , Q  mcT
Rydberg ' s equation ,
Henderson  Hasselbalc h equation ,
[ salt ]
;
[ acid ]
[ salt ]
pOH  pK b  log
[ base ]
pH  pK a  log
[ A] a [ B ] b
 1
1 
 RH  2  2 



 n1 n2 
1
o
o
o
Standard cell emf , E cell
 Ecathode
 E anode
o
o
o
Standard cell emf , E cell
 Ereduction
 E oxidation
Standard enthalpy change ,
H o  H of (products)  H of (reactants ) ;
Integrated first order rate law ,
ln[ A ] o  ln[ A ]  kt ; ln2  kt1/2
H o  Bond enthalpies (reactants )  Bond enthalpies (products)
amount of solute (moles)
mass of solvent(kg )
nA
Mole fraction , X A 
ntotal
Total electrical ch ar ge  I  t
Molality 
P1V1 P2 V2
=
T1
T2
[C ]c [ D]d
Speed of light , c  f
Ideal gas law , PV  nRT
Molar mass , M r 

 ln Q

Total electrical ch a rge  n  F
Total vapour pressure , Ptotal  P1  P2  P3  .....  Pn
Water dissociation cons tant ,
K w  [ H  ][ OH  ] ; pK w  pH  pOH
mRT dRT
;
PV
P
Constants
Avogadro’s constant = 6.02 1023 mol−1
Dissociation constant of water, Kw = 1.00
Faraday’s constant, F = 96500 C
Planck’s constant, h = 6.63 10-34 J s
Chemistry
10−14 mol2 L−2
Rydberg’s constant for hydrogen, RH = 1.09678 107 m−1
Speed of light, c = 3.00 108 m s−1
Universal gas constant, R = 0.0821 atm L mol−1 K−1 or 8.31 kPa L mol−1 K−1 or
62.36 torr L mol−1 K−1 or 8.314 J mol−1 K−1
Centre for Pre–University Studies
UNIMAS
The Periodic Table of Elements
1
1.0
H
Hydrogen
1
6.9
Li
Lithium
3
23.0
Na
Sodium
11
39.1
K
Potassium
19
85.5
Rb
Rubidium
37
132.9
Cs
Caesium
55
(223)
Fr
Francium
87
2
9.0
Be
Beryllium
4
24.3
Mg
Magnesium
12
40.1
Ca
Calcium
20
87.6
Sr
Strontium
38
137.3
Ba
Barium
56
(226)
Ra
Radium
88
* Lanthanide Series
** Antinide Series
Chemistry
Key
Relative Atomic Mass
Atomic Symbol
Name
Atomic Number
3
45.0
Sc
Scandium
21
88.9
Y
Yttrium
39
138.9
La*
Lanthanum
57
(227)
Ac**
Actinium
89
4
47.9
Ti
Titanium
22
91.2
Zr
Zirconium
40
178.5
Hf
Hafnium
72
(261)
Rf
Rutherfordium
104
140.1
Ce
Cerium
58
232.0
Th
Thorium
90
5
50.9
V
Vanadium
23
92.9
Nb
Niobium
41
180.9
Ta
Tantalum
73
(262)
Db
Dubnium
105
6
7
52.0
54.9
Cr
Mn
Chromium Manganese
24
25
95.9
(98)
Mo
Tc
Molybdenum Technetium
42
43
183.8
186.2
W
Re
Tungsten
Rhenium
74
75
(266)
(264)
Sg
Bh
Seaborgium Bohrium
106
107
144.2
Nd
Praseodymium Neodymium
59
60
(231)
238.0
Pa
U
Protactinium Uranium
91
92
140.9
Pr
(147)
Pm
Promethium
61
(273)
Np
Neptunium
93
8
55.8
Fe
Iron
26
101.1
Ru
Ruthenium
44
190.2
Os
Osmium
76
(277)
Hs
Hassium
108
9
58.9
Co
Cobalt
27
102.9
Rh
Rhodium
45
192.2
Ir
Iridium
77
(268)
Mt
Meitnerium
109
10
58.7
Ni
Nickel
28
106.4
Pd
Palladium
46
195.1
Pt
Platinum
78
(271)
Ds
11
63.5
Cu
Copper
29
107.9
Ag
Silver
47
197.0
Au
Gold
79
(272)
Rg
Darmstadtium Roentigenium
110
111
150.4
Sm
Samarium
62
(242)
Pu
Plutonium
94
152.0
Eu
Europium
63
(243)
Am
Americium
95
157.2
Gd
Gadolinium
64
(247)
Cm
Curium
96
158.9
Tb
Terbium
65
(245)
Bk
Berkelium
97
Centre for Pre–University Studies
12
65.4
Zn
Zinc
30
112.4
Cd
Cadmium
48
200.6
Hg
Mercury
80
13
10.8
B
Boron
5
27.0
Al
Aluminium
13
69.7
Ga
Gallium
31
114.8
In
Indium
49
204.4
Tl
Thallium
81
14
12.0
C
Carbon
6
28.1
Si
Silicon
14
72.6
Ge
Germanium
32
118.7
Sn
Tin
50
207.2
Pb
Lead
82
15
14.0
N
Nitrogen
7
31.0
P
Phosphorus
15
74.9
As
Arsenic
33
121.8
Sb
Antimony
51
209.0
Bi
Bismuth
83
16
16.0
O
Oxygen
8
32.1
S
Sulphur
16
79.0
Se
Selenium
34
127.6
Te
Tellurium
52
(209)
Po
Polonium
84
17
19.0
F
Fluorine
9
35.5
Cl
Chlorine
17
79.9
Br
Bromine
35
126.9
I
Iodine
53
(210)
At
Astatine
85
18
4.0
He
Helium
2
20.2
Ne
Neon
10
39.9
Ar
Argon
18
83.8
Kr
Krypton
36
131.3
Xe
Xenon
54
(222)
Rn
Radon
86
Elements with atomic numbers 112-116 have been
reported but not fully authenticated
162.5
Dy
Dysprosium
66
(251)
Cf
Californium
98
164.9
Ho
Holmium
67
(254)
Es
Einsteinium
99
167.3
Er
Erbium
68
(253)
Fm
Fermium
100
168.9
Tm
Thulium
69
(256)
Md
Mendelevium
101
173.0
Yb
Ytterbium
70
(254)
No
Nobelium
102
175.0
Lu
Lutetium
71
(257)
Lr
Lawrencium
103
UNIMAS