Endocrine system Different Types of Systems •Don’t have ducts Endocrine •Don’t contact body surface •Eg:Pituitary Gland •Have ducts •Contact body surface •Eg:Sweat gland Exocrine What is endocrine system? The Endocrine System is responsible for the chemical coordination. Numerous involuntary physiological activities are under the control of the endocrine system. It consists of glands which release hormones. Endocrine glands are also called ductless glands. Different types of glands in endocrine system Thymus Parathyroid Thyroid Pancreas Pineal Adrenal Pituitary Gonads Hypothalamus Hypothalamus Location: This gland is a part of the brain that consists of neurosecretory cells which connect both nervous and endocrine systems. Function: These hormones act on pituitary glands to stimulate other glands. Hormone Function Gonadotropin Releasing Hormones Causes pituitary gland to make Luteinizing Hormone and FSH Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone Controls secretion of Growth Hormone Pituitary This is called the Master Gland. Location: Pea-sized and is located at the bottom of the brain. Function: It controls and regulates other glands in the body. HORMONE FUNCTION Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Causes pituitary gland to make Luteinizing Hormone and FSH Growth Hormone • Stimulates growth of all tissues in body, including bone • Hypersecretion leads to Gigantism • Hyposecretion leads to Dwarfism Luteinizing Hormone Controls function of sex organs Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Stimulates thyroid gland to produce Thyroxine Pineal Location: This gland is also located in the brain Its function has not been understood fully yet regulates the circadian rhythm and helps in immunity. HORMONE FUNCTION Melatonin Regulates the Circadian Rhythm and helps in Immunity. Thyroid Location: This is present in the neck Iodine is used to make these hormones and less levels of iodine can lead to goitre Hormones Function Triiodothyronine (T3) Regulates Metabolism Thyroxine (T4) Regulates Metabolism Hypersecretion leads to Hyperthyroidism: Accelerated metabolism, Irregular heartbeat. Hyposecretion leads to Hypothyroidism: Fatigue, Weakness Parathyroid Location: It is butterfly shaped gland present in the neck The hormone released by this gland is called parathormone. Hormone Function Parathormone Regulates Calcium and Phosphorus level in Bones Thymus Location: Placed behind the breastbone between the lungs It is larger in children and converts into fat as we grow older Hormone Function Thymosin Necessary for T cell development which helps fighting off infections and cancer Pancreas Location: Placed on right side of abdomen. The pancreas is endocrine as well as an exocrine gland. Hormone Function Glucagon Balancing the blood sugar level in the body Insulin Balancing the blood sugar level in the body Hypersecretion leads to Hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar): Weakness, Less energy Hyposecretion leads to Hyperglycaemia (high blood sugar): Can lead to diseases like Diabetes and Stroke Adrenal glands Location: Present on top of the kidneys Adrenal glands have two regions known as the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla. HORMONE FUNCTION Adrenal Cortex: Cortisol Regulates Metabolism Aldosterone Regulates salt and water balance Androgen Stimulates hair growth in pubic and underarm areas Adrenal Medulla: Noradrenaline Helps in fight or flight situations Adrenaline Helps in fight or flight situations Hypersecretion leads to Adrenaline Rush: Stress, Increases risk of heart attack and stroke Gonads Female Gonads—> Pair of ovaries Location: Located in the lower abdomen region Hormone Function Oestrogen Responsible for the secondary sexual characteristics in females like breast growth , growth of pubic hair etc. Progesterone Gonads Male gonad—> Testes Location: Present in the scrotum below the abdominal cavity. Hormone Function Testosterone Responsible for the secondary sexual characteristics in males like facial hair growth and deepening of voice. Acknowledgments NCERT textbook Wikipedia Endocrineweb.com Google Images
