Prepositions - 2nd type
vEtRumai - 2 (ai)
§ÅüÚ¨Á - 2 (³)
Usage: The 2nd vEtRumai is used when you apply an action on an object or person. (English does not have any explicit preposition that is used in
this context. Only some pronouns seem to follow Tamil like pattern. For example, "Call him / Call her" - note that we do not say "Call he / Call
she". However, we say "Call Raman / Call it")
Note:
1. In Tamil, the preposition is not written separately. It is invariably merged with the associated object as a suffix.
2. There are rules and conventions that may cause some additional letters to get inserted before the preposition.
±ØÐõ Ó¨È
ÁÃõ+³ = ÁÃò¨¾
¿¸õ + ³ = ¿¸ò¨¾
ÀÆõ + ³ = ÀÆò¨¾
À¼õ + ³ = À¼ò¨¾
ÁÃò¨¾ ¿Î
¿¸ò¨¾ ¦ÅðÎ
ÀÆò¨¾ ¯Ã¢
À¼ò¨¾ Á¡ðÎ
Formal
maram+ai = maraththai
~nagam + ai = ~nagaththai
pazham + ai = pazhaththai
padam + ai = padaththai
¸¡÷ + ³ = ¸¡¨Ã
§¾÷ + ³ = §¾¨Ã
¦ÀÂ÷ + ³ = ¦À¨Ã
¾Â¢÷ + ³ = ¾Â¢¨Ã
¸¡¨Ã µðÎ
§¾¨Ã Ø
¦À¨Ãî ¦º¡ø
¾Â¢¨Ãì ÌÊ
kAr + ai = kArai
thEr + ai = thErai
peyar + ai = peyarai
thayir + ai = thayirai
Last Updated: 27-May-03
maraththai ~nadu
~nagaththai vettu
pazhaththai uri
padaththai mAttu
kArai Ottu
thErai izhu
peyaraic col
thayiraik kudi
Prepositions_Consolidated.doc
§ÀîÍ ÅÆìÌ
ÁÃò¾
¿¸ò¾
ÀÆò¾
À¼ò¾
ÁÃò¾ ¿Î
¿¸ò¾ ¦ÅðÎ
ÀÆò¾ ¯Ã¢
À¼ò¾ Á¡ðÎ
Colloquial
maraththa
~nagaththa
pazhaththa
padaththa
Meaning
maraththa ~nadu
~nagaththa vettu
pazhaththa uri
padaththa mAttu
plant (the) tree
cut (the) nail
¸¡Ã
§¾Ã
§ÀÃ
¾Â¢Ã
¸¡Ã µðÎ
§¾Ã Ø
§ÀÃî ¦º¡øÖ
¾Â¢Ã ÌÊ
kAra
thEra
pEra
thayira
kAra Ottu
thEra izhu
pErac collu
thayira kudi
peel (the) fruit
hang (the) picture
drive (the) car
pull (the) chariot
tell (the) name
drink (the) yogurt
1
±ØÐõ Ó¨È
Á¡Î + ³ = Á¡ð¨¼
ÜÎ + ³ = Üð¨¼
ţΠ+ ³ = Å£ð¨¼
¸¡Î + ³ = ¸¡ð¨¼
Á¡ð¨¼ì ¸ðÎ
Üð¨¼ô À¡÷
Å£ð¨¼ì ¸ðÎ
¸¡ð¨¼ì ¸¡ôÀ¡üÚ
Formal
mAdu + ai = mAttai
kUdu + ai = kUttai
vIdu + ai = vIttai
kAdu + ai = kAttai
ÒÄ¢ + ³ = ÒÄ¢¨Â
н¢ + ³ = н¢¨Â
Å¢¨Ä + ³ = Å¢¨Ä¨Â
¸¼¨Ä+³= ¸¼¨Ä¨Â
Ũ¼ + ³ = Ũ¼¨Â
ÒÄ¢¨Âô À¢Ê
н¢¨Â ÁÊ
Å¢¨Ä¨Âì §¸û
¸¼¨Ä¨Âì ¸Ê
Ũ¼¨Âò ¾¢ý
puli + ai = puliyai
thuNi + ai = thuNiyai
vilai + ai = vilaiyai
kadalai + ai = kadalaiyai
vadai + ai = vadaiyai
mAttaik kattu
kUttaip pAr
vIttaik kattu
kAttaik kAppAtRu
puliyaip pidi
thuNiyai madi
vilaiyaik kEL
kadalaiyaik kadi
vadaiyaith thin
§ÀîÍ ÅÆìÌ
Á¡ð¼
Üð¼
Å£ð¼
¸¡ð¼
Á¡ð¼ ¸ðÎ
Üð¼ À¡÷
ţ𼠸ðÎ
¸¡ð¼ ¸¡ôÀ¡òÐ
Colloquial
mAtta
kUtta
vItta
kAtta
Meaning
mAtta kattu
kUtta pAr
vItta kattu
kAtta kAppAththu
tie (the) cow
ÒÄ¢Â
н¢Â
¦ÅÄÂ
¸¼ÄÂ
żÂ
ÒĢ À¢Ê
н¢Â ÁÊ
¦ÅÄ §¸û
¸¼Ä ¸Ê
ż ¾¢ýÛ
puliya
thuNiya
velaya
kadalaya
vadaya
puliya pidi
thuNiya madi
velaya kEL
kadalaya kadi
vadaya thinnu
§ÀîÍ + ³ = §À
À¡ðÎ + ³ = À¡ð¨¼
ÀÕôÒ + ³ = ÀÕô¨À
pEccu + ai = pEccai
pAttu + ai = pAttai
paruppu + ai = paruppai
§Àîº
À¡ð¼
ÀÕôÀ
pEcca
pAtta
paruppa
§À ¿¢ÚòÐ
À¡ð¨¼ô À¡Î
ÀÕô¨Àî º¡ôÀ¢Î
pEccai ~niRuththu
pAttaip pAdu
paruppaic cAppidu
§Àîº ¿¢ÚòÐ
À¡ð¼ À¡Î
ÀÕôÀ º¡ôÒÎ
pEcca ~niRuththu
pAtta pAdu
paruppa sAppudu
Last Updated: 27-May-03
Prepositions_Consolidated.doc
look (at the) nest
build (the) house
save/protect (the) forest
catch (the) tiger
fold (the) clothes
ask (the) price
bite (the) peanut
eat (the) vadai
stop (the) talk
sing (the) song
eat (the) lentils
2
±ØÐõ Ó¨È
§º¡Ú + ³ = §º¡ü¨È
¸Â¢Ú + ³ = ¸Â¢ü¨È
§ºÚ + ³ = §ºü¨È
¸¢½Ú + ³ =
¸¢½ü¨È
§º¡ü¨Èô À¢¨º
¸Â¢ü¨È Ø
§ºü¨È Á¢¾¢ì¸¡§¾
¸¢½ü¨È ¦ÅðÎ
Formal
sORu + ai = sOtRai
kayiRu + ai = kayitRai
sERu + ai = sEtRai
kiNaRu + ai = kiNatRai
§ÀîÍ ÅÆìÌ
§º¡ò¾
¸Âò¾
§ºò¾
¦¸½ò¾
Colloquial
sOththa
kayaththa
sEththa
keNaththa
Meaning
sOtRaip pisai
kayitRai izhu
sEtRai midhikkAdhE
kiNatRai vettu
§º¡ò¾ ¦Àº
¸Âò¾ Ø
§ºò¾ Á¢¾¢ì¸¡¾
¦¸½ò¾ ¦ÅðÎ
sOththa pesa
kayaththa izhu
sEththa midhikkAdha
keNaththa vettu
mix (the) rice
2 ±ØòÐ Å¡÷ò¨¾
ÌÈ¢ø + (ñ, ö, ø, û)
¸ñ + ³ = ¸ñ¨½
¦Àñ + ³ = ¦Àñ¨½
¦¿ö + ³ = ¦¿ö¨Â
¸ø + ³ = ¸ø¨Ä
¸û + ³ = ¸û¨Ç
¸ñ¨½ò ¾¢È
¦Àñ¨½ì ÜôÀ¢Î
¦¿ö¨Âì ¸Ä
¸ø¨Ä ¿¸÷òÐ
Àø¨Äò §¾ö
¸û¨Çì ÌÊ측§¾
2 ezhuththu vArththai
kuRil + (N, y, l, L)
¸ñ½
¦Àñ½
¦¿öÂ
¸øÄ
¸ûÇ
¸ñ½ ¦¾È
¦Àñ¨½ì ÜôÀ¢Î
¦¿ö ¸Ä
¸øÄ ¿¸òÐ
ÀøÄ §¾ö
¸ûÇ ÌÊ측§¾
kaNNa
peNNa
~neyya
kalla
kaLLa
(3+ ±ØòÐ Å¡÷ò¨¾
/ 2 ±ØòÐ Å¡÷ò¨¾
¦¿Êø) + (ñ, ö, ø,
û)
(3+ ezhuththu vArththai / 2
ezhuththu vArththai
~nedil) + (N, y, l, L)
Last Updated: 27-May-03
Prepositions_Consolidated.doc
kaN + ai = kaNNai
peN + ai = peNNai
~ney + ai = ~neyyai
kal + ai = kallai
kaL + ai = kaLLai
kaNNaith thiRa
peNNaik kUppidu
~neyyaik kala
kallai ~nagarththu
pallaith thEy
kaLLaik kudikkAdhE
kaNNa theRa
peNNaik kUppidu
~neyya kala
kalla ~nagaththu
palla thEy
kaLLa kudikkAdhE
pull (the) rope
do not step on the mud
dig (the) well
open (the) eye
call (the) woman
mix (the) ghee
move (the) stone
brush (the) teeth
do not drink wine
3
±ØÐõ Ó¨È
«Ãñ + ³ = «Ã¨½
Á¸û + ³ = Á¸¨Ç
¯Ãø + ³ = ¯Ã¨Ä
¸¡ö + ³ = ¸¡¨Â
À¡ø + ³ = À¡¨Ä
¸¡ø + ³ = ¸¡¨Ä
áÁý + ³ = áÁ¨É
«Ã¨½ì ¸ðÎ
Á¸¨Çì ÜôÀ¢Î
¯Ã¨Äò àìÌ
¸¡¨Â ¿ÚìÌ
À¡¨Äì ÌÊ
¸¡¨Ä Á¼ìÌ
áÁ¨Éì ÜôÀ¢Î
Formal
araN + ai = araNai
magaL + ai = magaLai
ural + ai = uralai
kAy + ai = kAyai
pAl + ai = pAlai
kAl + ai = kAlai
rAman + ai = rAmanai
araNaik kattu
magaLaik kUppidu
uralaith thUkku
kAyai ~naRukku
pAlaik kudi
kAlai madakku
rAmanaik kUppidu
Word List
ÁÃõ
maram
¿Î
~nadu
¿¸õ
¦ÅðÎ
~nagam
vettu
ÀÆõ
¯Ã¢
pazham
uri
À¼õ
Á¡ðÎ
padam
mAttu
Last Updated: 27-May-03
§ÀîÍ ÅÆìÌ
«Ã½
Á¸Ç
¯ÃÄ
¸¡Â
À¡Ä
¸¡Ä
áÁÉ
«Ã½ ¸ðÎ
Á¸Ç ÜôÒÎ
¯ÃÄ àìÌ
¸¡Â ¿ÚìÌ
À¡Ä ÌÊ
¸¡Ä Á¼ìÌ
áÁÉ ÜôÒÎ
1. n. tree
2. n. wood
1. v. plant (a tree)
2. adj. center; middle
n. (finger/toe) nail
1. v. cut;
2. dig (i.e. 'cut' the
earth)
n. fruit
1. v. peel
2. n. skin (archaic)
n. picture
1. v. hang (a picture);
2. v. hook up
Prepositions_Consolidated.doc
Colloquial
araNa
magaLa
urala
kAya
pAla
kAla
rAmana
Meaning
araNa kattu
magaLa kUppudu
urala thUkku
kAya ~naRukku
pAla kudi
kAla madakku
rAmana kUppudu
build (the) fort
call (the) daughter
lift (the) mortar
cut (the) vegetable
drink (the) milk
bend (the) leg
call Raman
À¡ðÎ
pAttu
n. song/poem
À¡Î
pAdu
v. sing
ÀÕôÒ
º¡ôÀ¢Î
paruppu
sAppidu
n. lentils
v. eat
§º¡Ú
À¢¨º
sORu
pisai
n. cooked rice
v. knead; mix
¸Â¢Ú
§ºÚ
kayiRu
sERu
n. rope
n. mud
4
µðÎ
Ottu
§¾÷
Ø
¦ÀÂ÷
¦º¡ø
thEr
izhu
peyar
sol
¾Â¢÷
ÌÊ
thayir
kudi
Á¡Î
¸ðÎ
mAdu
kattu
ÜÎ
kUdu
À¡÷
pAr
Å£Î
vIdu
¸¡Î
¸¡ôÀ¡üÚ
kAdu
kAppAtRu
ÒÄ¢
À¢Ê
puli
pidi
Last Updated: 27-May-03
1. v. drive
2. v. shoo away
n. chariot
v. pull
n. name
1. v. say
2. n. word
n. yogurt
1. v. drink
2. n. citizen/subject
n. cow/cattle
1. v. tie (rope, etc.);
2. v. build
3. n. bundle
1. n. nest
2. v. assemble together
1. v. see; look
2. n. world
1. n. house
2. n. nirvana/mOksham
n. forest
v. save; protect
Á¢¾¢
midhi
v. step on
¸¢½Ú
¦ÅðÎ
À¡ø
ÜôÀ¢Î
kiNaRu
vettu
pAl
kUppidu
n. (open) well
v. cut; dig
n. milk
v. call
¸ñ
¾¢È
kaN
thiRa
n. eye
v. open
¦Àñ
¦¿ö
peN
~ney
n. woman; girl
n. ghee
¸Ä
kala
v. mix
¸ø
kal
¿¸÷òÐ
~nagarththu
1. n. stone
2. v. learn
v. move; shift
Àø
§¾ö
pal
thEy
n. tiger
1. v. catch
2. v. like
3. n. a measure of
quantity (handful)
4. n. female elephant
(archaic)
¸û
ÌÊ측§¾
kaL
kudikkAdhE
Prepositions_Consolidated.doc
n. tooth
1. v. brush; rub
2. v. diminish / wear
out
n. wine
v. do not drink
5
н¢
thuNi
1. n. clothes
2. n. cloth
3. v. act bravely; act
decisively
4. v. cut (archaic)
1. n. fold
2. v. die
«Ãñ
araN
n. fort
ÁÊ
madi
¸ðÎ
kattu
Á¸û
¯Ãø
magaL
ural
kadalai
n. price
1. v. ask
2. v. listen
n. peanut
1. v. build
2. v. tie
3. n. bundle;
4. n. bandage;
n. daughter
n. mortar
Å¢¨Ä
§¸û
vilai
kEL
¸¼¨Ä
àìÌ
thUkku
¸Ê
kadi
v. bite
¸¡ö
kAy
Ũ¼
vadai
n. vadai
¸¡ø
kAl
¾¢ý
§ÀîÍ
thin
pEccu
v. eat
n. talk/speech
Á¼ìÌ
madakku
Last Updated: 27-May-03
Prepositions_Consolidated.doc
1. v. lift; raise
2. n. a vessel with a
carrying handle
3. n. hanging noose
1. n. vegetable
2. n. game piece
1. n. leg; foot
2. n. quarter
v. bend; fold
6
Prepositions - 3rd type (by, with)
vEtRumai - 3 (Al, Odu, udan)
§ÅüÚ¨Á - 3 (¬ø, µÎ, ¯¼ý)
Usage: The 3rd vEtRumai is used when you do something using or with an object / person.
English
Some examples
This is usually 'by / using'
Sometimes, "with" is used in English.
"Eat with a spoon" = "eat using a spoon".
"Eat with us" = "eat together".
Note:
3. In Tamil, the preposition is not written separately. It is invariably merged with the associated object/person as a suffix.
4. There are rules and conventions that may cause some additional letters to get inserted before the preposition.
±ØÐõ Ó¨È
¬ø
µÎ
¯¼ý
Formal
Al
Odu
udan
ÁÃõ + ¬ø = ÁÃò¾¡ø
maram + Al = maraththAl
¿¸õ+¬ø = ¿¸ò¾¡ø ~nagam+Al = ~nagaththAl
ÀÆõ+µÎ = ÀÆò§¾¡Î
À¼õ + ¯¼ý = À¼òмý
ÁÃò¾¡ø ¿¡ü¸¡Ä¢
¦ºö
Last Updated: 27-May-03
pazham+Odu = pazhaththOdu
padam + udan = padaththudan
maraththAl ~nARkAli sey
Prepositions_Consolidated.doc
§ÀîÍ ÅÆìÌ
€
µ¼
µ¼
ÁÃò¾¡Ä
¿¸ò¾¡Ä
ÀÆò§¾¡¼
À¼ò§¾¡¼
ÁÃò¾¡Ä ¿¡ü¸¡Ä¢
¦ºö
Colloquial
Ala
Meaning
by (i.e. by using something)
Oda
(Sometimes in English, we
use 'with' in this context)
with (i.e. together);
Oda
(other meanings: run; roof
tile, etc)
along with; together;
maraththAla
~nagaththAla
pazhaththOda
padaththOda
(other meanings:
as soon as; immediately;
etc)
by the tree; by wood;
by the (finger) nail
with the fruit
with the picture
maraththAla ~nARkAli sey make (the) chair with wood
7
±ØÐõ Ó¨È
ó¾ ¿¡ü¸¡Ä¢
¸ñ½É¡ø
¦ºöÂôÀð¼Ð
¿¸ò¾¡ø ¸¢ûǢɡý
ÀÆò§¾¡Î Åó¾¡÷
Formal
i~ndha ~nARkAli
kaNNanAl seyyappattadhu
Colloquial
i~ndha ~nARkAli
kaNNanAla
seyyappattadhu
Meaning
this chair was made by
Kannan
~nagaththAl kiLLinAn
pazhaththOdu va~ndhAr
§ÀîÍ ÅÆìÌ
ó¾ ¿¡ü¸¡Ä¢
¸ñ½É¡Ä
¦ºöÂôÀð¼Ð
¿¸ò¾¡Ä ¸¢ûǢɡý
ÀÆò§¾¡¼ Åó¾¡÷
~nagaththAla kiLLinAn
pazhaththOda va~ndhAr
À¼òмý ÅÕ§Åý
padaththudan varuvEn
À¼ò§¾¡¼ ÅÕ§Åý
padaththOda varuvEn
(he) pinched with (his) nails
he/she (respect) came with
fruit
(I) will come with the
picture
°÷ + ¯¼ý = °Õ¼ý
À¡ø + µÎ = À¡§Ä¡Î
Å¡û + ¬ø = Å¡Ç¡ø
Ur + udan = Urudan
pAl + Odu = PAlOdu
vAL + Al = vALAl
°§Ã¡¼
À¡§Ä¡¼
Å¡Ç¡Ä
UrOda
PalOda
vALAla
with the town
with milk
by the sword
°Õ¼ý À¨¸ì¸¡§¾
À¡§Ä¡Î ¾Â¢¨Ãì
¸ÄìÌ
Å¡Ç¡ø ¦ÅðÎ
Urudan pagaikkAdhE
pAlOdu thayiraik kalakku
°§Ã¡¼ À¨¸ì¸¡¾
À¡§Ä¡¼ ¾Â¢Ã ¸ÄìÌ
UrOda pagaikkAdha
pAlOda thayira kalakku
do not fight with the town
mix yogurt with milk
vALAl vettu
Å¡Ç¡Ä ¦ÅðÎ
vALAla vettu
cut with the sword
ÌÈÎ + ¬ø = ÌÈð¼¡ø
kuRadu + Al = kuRattAl
vIdu + Odu = vIttOdu
kuRattAla
vIttOda
by the pliers
with the house
ÌÈð¼¡ø ¬½¢¨Âô
À¢ÎíÌ
ţ𧼡ΠÕ
kuRattAl ANiyaip
pidu~nggu
ÌÈð¼¡Ä
ţ𧼡¼
ÌÈð¼¡Ä ¬½¢Â
À¢ÎíÌ
ţ𧼡¼ Õ
kuRattAla ANiya
pidu~nggu
pull the nail with the pliers
vIttOda iru
stay with the house
¸ò¾¢ + ¬ø = ¸ò¾¢Â¡ø
ÅñÊ + µÎ = Åñʧ¡Î
kaththi + Al = kaththiyAl
vaNdi + Odu = vaNdiyOdu
kaththiyAla
vaNdiyOda
by the knife
with the cart
¸ò¾¢Â¡ø ¦Åð¼
ÓÊÔõ
kaththiyAl vetta mudiyum
¸ò¾¢Â¡Ä
Åñʧ¡¼
¸ò¾¢Â¡Ä ¦Åð¼
ÓÊÔõ
kaththiyAla vetta mudiyum
(one/we) can cut with knife
ţΠ+ µÎ = ţ𧼡Î
Last Updated: 27-May-03
vIttOdu iru
Prepositions_Consolidated.doc
8
±ØÐõ Ó¨È
Åñʧ¡Π¸¡Õõ
Åó¾Ð
Formal
vaNdiyOdu kArum
va~ndhadhu
§ÀîÍ + ¬ø = §Àø
pEccu + Al = pEccAl
thattu + Odu = thattOdu
§ÀîÍ ÅÆìÌ
Åñʧ¡¼ ¸¡Õõ
ÅóòÐ
¦ÅðÊô §Àø
±ýÉ Ä¡Àõ?
¾ð§¼¡Î ¾¡
§ÀÄ
¾ð§¼¡¼
vettip pEccAl enna lAbam? ¦ÅðÊô §ÀÄ
±ýÉ Ä¡Àõ?
thattOdu thA
¾ð§¼¡¼ ¾¡
¸Â¢Ú + ¬ø = ¸Â¢üÈ¡ø
§º¡Ú + µÎ = §º¡ü§È¡Î
kayiRu + Al = kayitRAl
sORu + Odu = sOtROdu
§º¡ü§È¡Î ¯ô¨Àì
¸Ä
¸Â¢üÈ¡ø ¸ðÎ
¸ñ+¬ø = ¸ñ½¡ø
¦ºí¸ø + ¬ø =
¦ºí¸øÄ¡ø
Àø + ¬ø = ÀøÄ¡ø
¸ñ½¡ø
À¡÷츢§È¡õ
¦ºí¸øÄ¡ø Å£Î
¸ðÎ
ÀøÄ¡ø ¸Êì¸
ÓÊÔõ
(«¨¾) ±ýÉ¡ø
àì¸ ÓÊ¡Ð
kaN + Al = kaNNAl
¸ñ½¡Ä
se~nggal+Al = se~nggallAl ¦ºí¸øÄ¡Ä
pal + Al = pallAl
ÀøÄ¡Ä
¾ðÎ + µÎ = ¾ð§¼¡Î
Colloquial
vaNdiyOda kArum
va~nththu
Meaning
the car also came with the
cart
pEccAla
thattOda
by talk
with plate
vettip pEccAla enna
lAbam?
What is the benefit
(obtained) by useless talk?
thattOda thA
(you) give with the plate
kayaththAla
sOtROda
by the rope
with the (cooked) rice
sOtROdu uppaik kala
¸Âò¾¡Ä
§º¡ü§È¡¼
§º¡ò¾ ¯ôÀì ¸Ä
sOththa uppak kala
mix salt with (cooked) rice
kayitRAl kattu
¸Âò¾¡Ä ¸ðÎ
kayaththAla kattu
tie with (the) rope
kaNNAla
se~nggallAla
pallAla
by the eye
by the brick
by the tooth/teeth
kaNNAl pArkkiROm
¸ñ½¡Ä À¡ì¸§È¡õ
kaNNAla pAkkaROm
we see with eyes
se~nggallAl vIdu kattu
¦ºí¸øÄ¡Ä Å£Î ¸ðÎ
se~nggallAla vIdu kattu
build (the) house with
bricks
pallAl kadikka mudiyum
ÀøÄ¡Ä ¸Êì¸
ÓÊÔõ
(«¾) ±ýÉ¡Ä àì¸
ÓÊ¡Ð
pallAla kadikka mudiyum
(one/we) can bite with teeth
(adha) ennAla thUkka
mudiyAdhu
(it) can not be lifted by me.
(i.e. I can not lift (it)).
(adhai) ennAl thUkka
mudiyAdhu
Word List
Last Updated: 27-May-03
Prepositions_Consolidated.doc
9
¿¡ü¸¡Ä¢
¦ºö
¸¢ûÙ
°÷
~nARkAli
sey
kiLLu
Ur
n. chair
v. do; make;
v. pinch
n. town / place where
people live together;
1. v. fight;
2. n. enmity
n. milk
v. mix
ÅñÊ
¦ÅðÊ
§ÀîÍ
±ýÉ
vaNdi
vetti
pEccu
enna
n. cart
adj. useless
n. talk; speech;
what
À¨¸
pagai
Ä¡Àõ
lAbam
n. benefit; profit;
À¡ø
¸ÄìÌ
pAl
kalakku
¸¡Î
¾ðÎ
kAdu
thattu
1. n. sword
2. adj. shiny (archaic)
n. pliers
¾¡
thA
forest
1. n. plate;
2. n. shelf
3. v. tap; knock;
4. v. clap;
v. give
Å¡û
vAL
ÌÈÎ
kuRadu
¯ôÒ
uppu
¬½¢
ANi
¸Ä
kala
pidu~nggu
n. nail (fastener - not
finger nail)
v. pull
À¢ÎíÌ
¸ðÎ
kattu
Õ
¸ò¾¢
iru
kaththi
v. stay; be;
n. knife
¸ñ
À¡÷
kaN
pAr
ÓÊÔõ
ÓÊ¡Ð
mudiyum
mudiyAdhu
adv. can; it is possible
adv. can not be; it is not
possible
¦ºí¸ø
se~nggal
Last Updated: 27-May-03
Prepositions_Consolidated.doc
1. n. salt;
2. v. bloat; become big
v. mix
1. v. build
2. v. tie
3. n. bundle;
4. n. bandage;
n. eye
1. v. see;
2. n. world
n. brick
10
Prepositions - 4th type
vEtRumai - 4 (ku)
§ÅüÚ¨Á - 4 (Ì)
Usage: The 4th vEtRumai is used when you do something to an object/person.
English
Some examples
This is usually 'to'
"Go to Madras"
"A sheath is needed for the sword" = "The sword needs a sheath"
However, in English, there are some instances where 'for' is used.
Also, there are some instances where no preposition is explicitly used in "Water the plant" means "pour water to the plant".
English.
"Paint the wall" means "apply paint to the wall".
"Raman wants a banana"
Note:
5. In Tamil, the preposition is not written separately. It is invariably merged with the associated object/person as a suffix.
6. There are rules and conventions that may cause some additional letters to get inserted before the preposition.
±ØÐõ Ó¨È
Ì
ÁÃõ+Ì = ÁÃòÐìÌ
¿¸õ+Ì = ¿¸òÐìÌ
ÁÃòÐìÌ ¿£÷ Å¢Î
maraththukku ~nIr vidu
§ÀîÍ ÅÆìÌ
Ì
ÁÃòÐìÌ
¿¸òÐìÌ
À¼òÐìÌ
ÁÃòÐìÌ ¾ñ½¢ Å¢Î
¿¸òÐìÌ ¿¢Èõ
⺢ɡû
~nagaththukku ~niRam
pUsinAL
¿¸òÐìÌ ¦¿Èõ
⺢ɡ
~nagaththukku ~neRam
pUsinA
À¼òÐìÌ ºð¼õ
§À¡¼ §ÅñÎõ
padaththukku sattam pOda
vENdum
À¼òÐìÌ ºð¼õ
§À¡¼Ïõ
padaththukku sattam
pOdaNum
À¼õ + Ì = À¼òÐìÌ
Last Updated: 27-May-03
Formal
ku
maram+ku = maraththukku
~nagam+ku = ~nagaththukku
padam + ku = padaththukku
Prepositions_Consolidated.doc
Colloquial
ku
maraththukku
~nagaththukku
padaththukku
maraththukku thaNNi vidu
Meaning
to; for;
to the tree; to wood;
to the (finger) nail
to the picture
pour water to the tree (i.e.
water the tree)
she painted color to the nail
(i.e. she put nail polish on
her nails)
(we) need to put (a) frame
to the picture
(i.e. we need to frame the
picture)
11
±ØÐõ Ó¨È
°÷ + Ì = °ÕìÌ
À¡ø + Ì = À¡ÖìÌ
Å¡û + Ì = Å¡ÙìÌ
Formal
Ur + ku = Urukku
pAl + ku = PAlukku
vAL + ku = vALukku
§ÀîÍ ÅÆìÌ
°ÕìÌ
À¡ÖìÌ
Å¡ÙìÌ
Colloquial
Urukku
PAlukku
vALukku
Meaning
to / for the town
to / for milk
to / for the sword
°ÕìÌô §À¡
À¡ÖìÌî º÷츨Ã
§ÅñÎõ
Å¡ÙìÌ ¯¨È
§¾¨Å
Urukkup pO
pAlukkuc carkkarai
vENdum
°ÕìÌô §À¡
À¡ÖìÌ ºì¸¨Ã
§ÅÏõ
Å¡ÙìÌ ´È §¾Å
Urukkup pO
pAlukku sakkarai vENum
go to town
vALukku oRa thEva
sheath needed for sword
(i.e. sword needs a sheath)
§¾¡Î+Ì = §¾¡ðÎìÌ
thOdu + ku = thOttukku
vIdu + ku = vIttukku
§¾¡ðÎìÌ
Å£ðÎìÌ
§¾¡ðÎìÌò ¾í¸õ
§ÅÏõ
Å£ðÎìÌ Üà ¯ñÎ
thOttukku
vIttukku
to / for the ear ring
to / for the house
thOttukkuth tha~nggam
vENum
need gold for the ear ring
vIttukku kUra uNdu
there is roof to the house
(i.e. the house has roof)
kaththikku
vaNdikku
to / for the knife
to / for the cart
kaththikkuk kUrmai
vENum
vaNdikku mAdu illa
sharpness needed for the
knife. (i.e. the knife needs
sharpness)
there is no bull for the cart
pEccukku
thattukku
to / for talk
to / for plate
en pEccukku ~nalla
kaidhattal
there was great applause for
my speech
ţΠ+ Ì = Å£ðÎìÌ
§¾¡ðÎìÌò ¾í¸õ
§ÅñÎõ
Å£ðÎìÌ Ü¨Ã ¯ñÎ
¸ò¾¢ + Ì = ¸ò¾¢ìÌ
vALukku uRai thEvai
thOttukkuth tha~nggam
vENdum
vIttukku kUrai uNdu
ÅñÊ + Ì = ÅñÊìÌ
kaththi + ku = kaththikku
vaNdi + ku = vaNdikku
¸ò¾¢ìÌì Ü÷¨Á
§ÅñÎõ
kaththikkuk kUrmai
vENdum
¸ò¾¢ìÌ
ÅñÊìÌ
¸ò¾¢ìÌì Ü÷¨Á
§ÅÏõ
ÅñÊìÌ Á¡Î
ø¨Ä
vaNdikku mAdu illai
ÅñÊìÌ Á¡Î
§ÀîÍ + Ì = §ÀîÍìÌ
pEccu + ku = pEccukku
thattu + ku = thattukku
§ÀîÍìÌ
¾ðÎìÌ
±ý §ÀîÍìÌ ¿øÄ
¨¸¾ð¼ø
¾ðÎ + Ì = ¾ðÎìÌ
±ý §ÀîÍìÌ ¿øÄ
¨¸¾ð¼ø
Last Updated: 27-May-03
en pEccukku ~nalla
kaidhattal
Prepositions_Consolidated.doc
øÄ
need sugar for milk
(i.e. milk needs sugar)
12
±ØÐõ Ó¨È
¾ðÎìÌ ±ýÉ
Å¢¨Ä?
Formal
thattukku enna vilai?
§ÀîÍ ÅÆìÌ
¾ðÎìÌ ±ýÉ ¦ÅÄ?
Colloquial
thattukku enna vela?
Meaning
what is the price for the
plate?
¸Â¢Ú + Ì = ¸Â¢üÚìÌ
§º¡Ú + Ì = §º¡üÚìÌ
kayiRu + ku = kayitRukku
sORu + ku = sOtRukku
kayitRukku
sOtRukku
to / for the rope
to / for the (cooked) rice
§º¡üÚìÌô Àïºõ
sOtRukkup pa~njjam
¸Â¢üÚìÌ
§º¡üÚìÌ
§º¡òÐìÌô Àïºõ
sOththukkup pa~njjam
¸Â¢üÚìÌ ±ýÉ
̨È?
kayitRukku enna kuRai?
¸ÂòÐìÌ ±ýÉ
¦¸¡È?
kayaththukku enna koRa?
scarcity exists for food (i.e.
food is scarce)
what shortcoming exists for
the rope? (i.e. what is wrong
with this rope?)
¸ñ + Ì = ¸ñÏìÌ
¸ñÏìÌ ÁÕóÐ
Å¢Î
kaN + ku = kaNNukku
kaNNukku maru~ndhu
vidu
¸ñÏìÌ
¸ñÏìÌ ÁÕóРŢÎ
kaNNukku
kaNNukku maru~ndhu
vidu
Word List
¿£÷
~nIr
Å¢Î
vidu
¸¢ûÙ
kiLLu
¿¢Èõ
âÍ
~niRam
pUsu
ºð¼õ
sattam
Last Updated: 27-May-03
to / for the eye
pour medicine to the eye
1. n. water
2. n. you (respect)
(archaic)
1. v. pour;
2. v. leave;
3. v. release
v. pinch
Ü÷¨Á
kUrmai
n. sharpness
Á¡Î
mAdu
1. n. cattle / cow / bull
2. n. wealth (archaic)
illai
n. color
v. apply by spreading
(paint, etc)
1. n. frame;
2. n. law;
¿øÄ
¨¸
~nalla
kai
v. there is no / it does
not have
adj. good
n. hand
¨¸¾ð¼ø
kaidhattal
n. applause
Prepositions_Consolidated.doc
ø¨Ä
13
§À¡Î
pOdu
§À¡
º÷츨Ã
pO
sarkkarai
¯¨È
uRai
§¾¨Å
§¾¡Î
¾í¸õ
ܨÃ
¯ñÎ
thEvai
thOdu
tha~nggam
kUrai
uNdu
Last Updated: 27-May-03
1. v. put;
2. v. drop;
3. v. to make (noise,
etc.)
v. go
n. sugar
Å¢¨Ä
vilai
n. price
Àïºõ
̨È
pa~njjam
kuRai
1. n. cover; sheath;
2. v. freeze
3. v. live/stay
n. need / want
n. ear ring
n. gold
n. roof
v. there is / it has
ÁÕóÐ
maru~ndhu
n. scarcity; famine;
1. n. shortcoming;
2. n. flaw; defect;
3. v. to reduce /
decrease
1. n. medicine;
2. n. immortal nectar
(archaic)
Prepositions_Consolidated.doc
14
Prepositions - 5th type
vEtRumai - 5 (il, in, ai vida, inindRu, iliru~ndhu)
§ÅüÚ¨Á - 5 ( ø, ý, ³ Å¢¼, É¢ýÚ, Ä¢ÕóÐ)
Usage: The 5th vEtRumai is used when you compare something to another. It is also used when something is separated from another.
English
Some examples
than
from
Note:
7. The preposition for comparison in current usage is "ai vida" (³
³ Å¢¼).
Å¢¼
8. The preposition for 'from' in current usage is "iliru~ndhu" ( Ä¢ÕóÐ).
Ä¢ÕóÐ
±ØÐõ Ó¨È
ø, ý
Ä¢ÕóÐ
³ Å¢¼
¸¢Õ‰½É¢ý
¦ÀâÂÅý áÁý
¸¢Õ‰½¨É Å¢¼ô
¦ÀâÂÅý áÁý
â¨É¢ý ÅÄ¢ÂÐ
¿¡ö
â¨É¨Â Å¢¼ ÅÄ¢ÂÐ
¿¡ö
Formal
il, in
iliru~ndhu
ai vida
kirushNanin periyavan
rAman
ÁÃõ+ Ä¢ÕóÐ =
ÁÃò¾¢Ä¢ÕóÐ
ÁÃò¾¢Ä¢ÕóÐ ¸£§Æ
ÈíÌ
Last Updated: 27-May-03
Colloquial
il, in
ulE~ndhu
a vida
kirushNanin periyavan
rAman
Meaning
than (comparison)
kirushNana vida periyavan
rAman
Raman is older than
Krishnan
pUnaiyin valiyadhu ~nAy
§ÀîÍ ÅÆìÌ
ø, ý
¯§ÄóÐ
« Å¢¼
¸¢Õ‰½É¢ý ¦ÀâÂÅý
áÁý
¸¢Õ‰½É Å¢¼
¦ÀâÂÅý áÁý
â¨É¢ý ÅÄ¢ÂÐ ¿¡ö
pUnaiyin valiyadhu ~nAy
(the) dog is stronger than
(the) cat
pUnaiyai vida valiyadhu
~nAy
â¨É Ţ¼ ÅÄ¢ÂÐ
¿¡ö
pUnaiya vida valiyadhu
~nAy
(the) dog is stronger than
(the) cat
maram+ iliru~ndhu =
maraththiliru~ndhu
ÁÃòЧÄóÐ
maraththulE~ndhu
from the tree
maraththiliru~ndhu kIzhE
iRa~nggu
ÁÃòЧÄóÐ ¸£Æ
±ÈíÌ
maraththulE~ndhu kIzha
eRa~nggu
get down from the tree
kirushNanai vidap
periyavan rAman
Prepositions_Consolidated.doc
from
than (comparison)
Raman is older than
Krishnan
15
±ØÐõ Ó¨È
°÷ + Ä¢ÕóÐ =
°Ã¢Ä¢ÕóÐ
À¡ø + Ä¢ÕóÐ =
À¡Ä¢Ä¢ÕóÐ
°Ã¢Ä¢ÕóÐ À¡ðÊ
Åó¾¡÷
À¡Ä¢Ä¢ÕóÐ
¦Åñ¦½ö
¸¢¨¼ìÌõ
Formal
Ur + iliru~ndhu =
Uriliru~ndhu
pAl + iliru~ndhu =
PAliliru~ndhu
§ÀîÍ ÅÆìÌ
°÷§ÄóÐ
À¡ø§ÄóÐ
Colloquial
UrlE~ndhu
PAllE~ndhu
Meaning
from the town
from milk
Uriliru~ndhu pAtti
va~ndhAr
°÷§ÄóÐ À¡ðÊ
Åó¾¡
À¡ø§ÄóÐ ¦Åñ½
¦¸¨¼ìÌõ
UrlE~ndhu pAtti va~ndhA
Grandma came from (her)
town.
pAllE~ndhu veNNa
kedaikkum
(we) get butter from milk
§¾¡Î + Ä¢ÕóÐ =
§¾¡ðÊÄ¢ÕóÐ
ţΠ+ Ä¢ÕóÐ =
Å£ðÊÄ¢ÕóÐ
§¾¡ðÊÄ¢ÕóÐ Á½¢
Å¢Øó¾Ð
Å£ðÊÄ¢ÕóÐ §¸¡Â¢ø
¬Ú ¨Áø
thOdu + iliru~ndhu =
thOttiliru~ndhu
vIdu + iliru~ndhu =
vIttiliru~ndhu
§¾¡ðΧÄóÐ
Å£ðΧÄóÐ
thOttulE~ndhu
vIttulE~ndhu
from the earring
from the house
thOttiliru~ndhu maNi
vizhu~ndhadhu
§¾¡ðΧÄóÐ Á½¢
Å¢ØóòÐ
Å£ðΧÄóÐ §¸¡Å¢ø
¬Ú ¨Áø
thOttulE~ndhu maNi
vizhu~nththu
the gem fell from the
earring
vIttulE~ndhu kOvil ARu
mail
the temple is six miles from
the house
ÅñÊ + Ä¢ÕóÐ =
ÅñÊ¢ĢÕóÐ
ÅñÊ¢ĢÕóÐ
Á¡ð¨¼ «Å¢ú
vaNdi + iliru~ndhu =
vaNdiyiliru~ndhu
Åñ˧ÄóÐ
vaNdIlE~ndhu
from the cart
vaNdiyiliru~ndhu mAttai
avizh
Åñ˧ÄóÐ Á¡ð¼
«×
vaNdIlE~ndhu mAtta avu
untie the bull from the cart
pEccu + iliru~ndhu =
pEcciliru~ndhu
thattu + iliru~ndhu =
thattiliru~ndhu
§ÀîͧÄóÐ
¾ðΧÄóÐ
pEcculE~ndhu
thattulE~ndhu
from the speech
from the plate
§ÀîÍ + Ä¢ÕóÐ =
§ÀĢÕóÐ
¾ðÎ + Ä¢ÕóÐ =
¾ðÊÄ¢ÕóÐ
Last Updated: 27-May-03
pAliliru~ndhu veNNey
kidaikkum
vIttiliru~ndhu kOyil ARu
mail
Prepositions_Consolidated.doc
16
±ØÐõ Ó¨È
«Å÷ §ÀĢÕóÐ
±ýÉ
¦¾Ã¢óЦ¸¡ñ¼¡ö?
¾ðÊÄ¢ÕóÐ
ÀÕ쨸 ¸£§Æ
Å¢Øó¾Ð
Formal
avar pEcciliru~ndhu enna
theri~ndhukoNdAy?
§ÀîÍ ÅÆìÌ
«Å÷ §ÀîͧÄóÐ
±ýÉ ¦¾Ã¢ïÍñ¼?
Colloquial
avar pEcculE~ndhu enna
theri~njjuNda?
Meaning
What did you learn from
his/her (respect) speech?
thattiliru~ndhu parukkai
kIzhE vizhu~ndhadhu
¾ðΧÄóÐ ÀÕì¸
¸£Æ Å¢ØóòÐ
thattulE~ndhu parukka
kIzha vizhu~nththu
(a) morsel of rice fell down
from the plate
¸¢½Ú + Ä¢ÕóÐ =
¸¢½üȢĢÕóÐ
¸¢½üȢĢÕóÐ
¾ñ½£¨Ã ¨È
kiNaRu + iliru~ndhu =
kiNatRiliru~ndhu
¸¢½òЧÄóÐ
kiNaththulE~ndhu
from the well
kiNatRiliru~ndhu
thaNNIrai iRai
¸¢½òЧÄóÐ
¾ñ½¢Â ±È
kiNaththulE~ndhu
thaNNiya eRa
draw and pour water from
the well
¸ñ + Ä¢ÕóÐ =
¸ñ½¢Ä¢ÕóÐ
¸ñ½¢Ä¢ÕóÐ
¸ñ½£÷ ÅÆ¢¸¢ÈÐ
kaN + iliru~ndhu =
kaNNiliru~ndhu
¸ñϧÄóÐ
kaNNulE~ndhu
from the eye
kaNNiliru~ndhu kaNNIr
vazhigiRadhu
¸ñϧÄóÐ ¸ñ½£÷
ÅÆ¢ÂÈÐ
kaNNulE~ndhu kaNNIr
vazhiyaRadhu
tears flow from the eye
Word List
¸£§Æ
ÈíÌ
kIzhE
iRa~nggu
À¡ðÊ
¦Åñ¦½ö
Á½¢
pAtti
veNNey
maNi
Å¢Ø
vizhu
Last Updated: 27-May-03
below;
v. get down; climb
down
n. grandmother
n. butter
1. n. jewel; gem
2. n. hour / time
§¸¡Â¢ø
«Å¢ú
kOyil
avizh
n. temple
v. untie
ÀÕ쨸
¸¢½Ú
¨È
parukkai
kiNaRu
iRai
v. fall
¸ñ½£÷
kaNNIr
n. morsel of rice
n. (water) well
1. v. draw and pour;
bale out;
2. n. lord / god
n. tears
Prepositions_Consolidated.doc
17
Prepositions - 6th type
vEtRumai - 6 (adhu, Adhu, a, udaiya)
§ÅüÚ¨Á - 6 («Ð,
«Ð, ¬Ð, «, ¯¨¼Â)
¯¨¼Â
th
Usage: The 6 vEtRumai is used to indicate possession / ownership / association.
English
Some examples
of
height of that tree
----'s (mine, his, etc)
that tree's height
Note:
9. The preposition for possession/ownership in current spoken usage is "udaiya" and "inudaiya" (¯¨¼Â,
¯¨¼Â,
Û¨¼Â).
Û¨¼Â
±ØÐõ Ó¨È
«Ð ( ÉÐ)
Formal
adhu (inadhu)
§ÀîÍ ÅÆìÌ
adhu (inadhu)
Colloquial
adhu (inadhu)
«
a
a
a
¯¨¼Â ( Û¨¼Â)
udaiya (inudaiya)
udaiya (inudaiya)
udaiya (inudaiya)
ÁÃõ+ ¯¨¼Â =
ÁÃò¾¢Û¨¼Â
«ó¾ ÁÃò¾¢Û¨¼Â
¯ÂÃõ ±ýÉ?
maram+ udaiya =
maraththinudaiya
a~ndha maraththOda
oyaram enna?
a~ndha maraththOda
oyaram enna?
what is the height of that
tree?
À¡ø+ ¯¨¼Â =
À¡Ä¢Û¨¼Â
À¡Ä¢Û¨¼Â ¿¢Èõ
¦Åñ¨Á
Ð ±ýÛ¨¼Â ¨À
pAl+ udaiya = PAlinudaiya PAlOda
PAlOda
milk's
PAlinudaiya ~niRam
veNmai
PAlOda ~neRam veLLai
PAlOda ~neRam veLLai
milk's color is white
idhu ennudaiya pai
idhu ennOda pai
idhu ennOda pai
this is my bag
Å£Î+¯¨¼Â =
Å£ðÊÛ¨¼Â
vIdu+udaiya = vIttinudaiya
vIttOda
vIttOda
house's
Last Updated: 27-May-03
a~ndha maraththinudaiya
uyaram enna?
Prepositions_Consolidated.doc
Meaning
of (indicates ownership and
possessiveness) - singular
of (indicates ownership and
possessiveness) - plural
of
(indicates ownership and
possessiveness)
tree's
18
±ØÐõ Ó¨È
Å£ðÊÛ¨¼Â ±ñ
±ýÉ?
Formal
vIttinudaiya eN enna?
§ÀîÍ ÅÆìÌ
vIttOda eN enna?
Colloquial
vIttOda eN enna?
Meaning
what is the house's number?
ÅñÊ¢ۨ¼Â «îÍ
ÓÈ¢ó¾Ð
vaNdiyinudaiya accu
muRi~ndhadhu
vaNdiyOda accu
muRi~njjudhu
vaNdiyOda accu
muRi~njjudhu
the cart's axle broke
avanOda pEccu sari illa
avanOda pEccu sari illa
his speech is not proper
ava~nggaLOda vIdu
perusu
ava~nggaLOda vIdu
perusu
their house is large
«ÅÛ¨¼Â §ÀîÍ ºÃ¢ avanudaiya pEccu sari illai
ø¨Ä
avargaLudaiya vIdu
«Å÷¸Ù¨¼Â Å£Î
periyadhu
¦ÀâÂÐ
±ýÛ¨¼Â ¦ÀÂ÷
áÁý
±ÉÐ ¦ÀÂ÷ áÁý
¸¢½üÈ¢Û¨¼Â ¬Æõ
«¾¢¸õ
ennudaiya peyar rAman
ennOda pEr rAman
ennOda pEr rAman
my name is Raman
enadhu peyar rAman
kiNatRinudaiya Azham
adhigam
en pEr rAman
keNaththOda Azham
adhigam
en pEr rAman
keNaththOda Azham
adhigam
my name is Raman
º÷츨âۨ¼Â
Å¢¨Ä ±ýÉ?
sarkkaraiyinudaiya vilai
enna?
sakkarai enna vela?
sakkarai enna vela?
What is the price of sugar?
Word List
«ó¾
¯ÂÃõ
¦Åñ¨Á
¨À
±ñ
ºÃ¢
a~ndha
uyaram
veNmai
pai
eN
sari
Last Updated: 27-May-03
that
n. height
n. white
n. bag
n. number
adv. proper;
appropriate; OK
Prepositions_Consolidated.doc
¦ÀâÂ
¦ÀÂ÷
¬Æõ
«¾¢¸õ
º÷츨Ã
Å¢¨Ä
periya
peyar
Azham
adhigam
sarkkarai
vilai
the depth of the well is
great (i.e. it is a deep
well)
adj. big
n. name
n. depth
big/great/a lot
n. sugar
n. price
19
Prepositions - 7th type
vEtRumai - 7 (il, idaththil, kaN, mEl, kIzh)
§ÅüÚ¨Á - 7 (il, idaththil, kaN, mEl, kIzh)
Usage: The 7th vEtRumai is used to indicate location.
English
Some examples
in
in my house
on
on the table
above / over
above the clouds; over the fence;
below / under / beneath
below the surface; under the table;
among, amongst
inside
±ØÐõ Ó¨È
ø
¼ò¾¢ø
§Áø ( ý§Áø)
¸£ú ( ý¸£ú)
¯û (Ì ¯û = Ìû)
Formal
il
idaththil
mEl (inmEl)
kIzh (inkIzh)
uL (ku uL = kuL)
«Ê¢ø (Ì «Ê¢ø.
ý «Ê¢ø)
adiyil (ku adiyil. in adiyil)
ÁÃõ+ ø = ÁÃò¾¢ø
Á¡ÁÃò¾¢ø ÀÆí¸û
Õ츢ýÈÉ
À¡Ä¢ø º÷츨Ã
§À¡Î
Last Updated: 27-May-03
§ÀîÍ ÅÆìÌ
¯Ä
±¼òÐÄ
§ÁÄ (Ì §ÁÄ)
¸£Æ (Ì ¸£Æ)
¯ûÇ (Ì ¯ûÇ =
ÌûÇ)
Ì «ËÄ
Colloquial
ula
edaththula
mEla (ku mEla)
kIzha (ku kIzha)
uLLa (ku uLLa = kuLLa)
Meaning
in
in
ku adIla
under, beneath
maram+ il = maraththil
mAmaraththil
pazha~nggaL
irukkindRana
Á¡ÁÃòÐÄ ÀÆõ
ÕìÌ
mAmaraththula pazham
irukku
there are fruits on the
mango tree
pAlil sarkkarai pOdu
À¡øÄ ºì¸Ã §À¡Î
pAlla sakkara pOdu
put sugar in the milk
Prepositions_Consolidated.doc
on
below
inside
20
±ØÐõ Ó¨È
ÁÃò¾¢ý¸£ú
¯ð¸¡÷ó¾¡ý
Òò¾¸ò¾¢ý «Ê¢ø
¦Àýº¢ø Õó¾Ð
Formal
maraththinkIzh
utkAr~ndhAn
Colloquial
maraththukku kIzha
okkA~ndhAn
Meaning
(he) sat under the tree
puththagaththin adiyil
pensil iru~ndhadhu
§ÀîÍ ÅÆìÌ
ÁÃòÐìÌ ¸£Æ
´ì¸¡ó¾¡ý
ÒŠ¾¸òÐìÌ «ËÄ
¦Àýº¢ø ÕóòÐ
pusthagaththukku adIla
pensil iru~nththu
(the) pencil is under (the)
book
ÍÅâý§Áø À¼õ
ŨÃó§¾ý
suvarinmEl padam
varai~ndhEn
¦º×òÐ §ÁÄ À¼õ
ÅÃ狀ý
sevuththu mEla padam
vara~njjEn
(I) drew a picture on the
wall
¨¸Â¢ø ¸¡Í
Õ츢ÈÐ
kaiyil kAsu irukkiRadhu
¨¸Ä ¸¡Í
kaila kAsu irukku
(I) have money in (my)
hand
Á¨Ä¢ý§Áø ²È
ÓÊÂÅ¢ø¨Ä
malaiyinmEl ERa
mudiyavillai
Á¨Ä §ÁÄ ²È ÓÊÂÄ
malai mEla ERa mudiyala
(I) could not climb on the
hill
¯í¸Ç¢ø ¡÷
«ñ½ý?
¯í¸ÙìÌû ±ýÉ
ºñ¨¼?
u~nggaLil yAr aNNan?
¯í¸ûÇ Â¡Õ
«ñ½¡?
´í¸ÙìÌûÇ ±ýÉ
ºñ¼?
u~nggaLLa yAru aNNA?
Who amongst you is (the)
older brother?
o~nggaLukkuLLa enna
saNda?
What is (the) fight among
you?
¸¢½üÈ¢ø ÀóÐ
Å¢Øó¾Ð
âÅ¢ø ÅñÎ
¦Á¡öìÌõ
kiNatRil pa~ndhu
vizhu~ndhadhu
¦¸½òÐÄ ÀóÐ
Å¢ØóòÐ
â×Ä ÅñÎ
¦Á¡öìÌõ
keNaththula pa~ndhu
vizhu~nththu
(The) ball fell in the well
pUvula vaNdu moykkum
Bees buzz in (the) flowers
Word List
Á¡ÁÃõ
ÀÆõ
¯ð¸¡÷
u~nggaLukkuL enna
saNdai?
pUvil vaNdu moykkum
mAmaram
pazham
utkAr
Last Updated: 27-May-03
n. mango tree
n. fruit
v. sit
Prepositions_Consolidated.doc
ÕìÌ
«ñ½ý
ºñ¨¼
ÀóÐ
aNNan
saNdai
pa~ndhu
n. older brother
n. fight
n. ball
21
ÍÅ÷
ŨÃ
suvar
varai
¸¡Í
kAsu
笀
malai
²Ú
ERu
Last Updated: 27-May-03
n. wall
v. draw; paint
n. mountain
n. money
â
ÅñÎ
pU
vaNdu
n. flower
n. bee; beetle;
¦Á¡ö
moy
v. to flock in large
number
n. hill; mountain;
v. amaze; shock
v. climb
n. bull; lion;
Prepositions_Consolidated.doc
22
Prepositions - 8th type (calling someone)
vEtRumai - 8 (thani urubu kidaiyAdhu)
§ÅüÚ¨Á - 8 (¾É¢ ¯ÕÒ ¸¢¨¼Â¡Ð)
Usage: The 8th vEtRumai is used when you call someone. Depending on whether the person is near or far, the last vowel in the name may be short
or long. If the name has any masculine suffix like 'an', then the 'n' will be dropped. If the name has respectful ending like 'ar', 'gaL', then a long
vowel 'E' is appended.
English
Some examples
In English, the word 'O' is added before the name.
O lord!
But, normally we just call out the name with some extra stress and
loudness
Note:
10. In Tamil, the preposition is not written separately. It is invariably merged with the associated object/person as a suffix.
11. There are rules and conventions that may cause some additional letters to get inserted before the preposition.
±ØÐõ Ó¨È
áÁ¡, í§¸ Å¡.
ÄŒÁ£! ¿£ ±í§¸
Õ츢ȡö?
ÌÕ츧Ç, í§¸
Å¡Õí¸û
Last Updated: 27-May-03
Formal
rAmA, i~nggE vA.
lakshmI! ~nI e~nggE
irukkiRAy?
gurukkaLE, i~nggE
vAru~nggaL
Prepositions_Consolidated.doc
§ÀîÍ ÅÆìÌ
áÁ¡, í¸ Å¡
ÄŒÁ£! ¿£ ±í¸
Õì¸?
ÌÕ츧Ç, í¸
Å¡í§¸¡ (/ Å¡í¸)
Colloquial
rAmA, i~ngga vA
lakshmI! ~nI e~ngga
irukka?
Meaning
Raman, come here.
gurukkaLE, i~ngga
vA~nggO (/ vA~ngga)
O gurukkaL, come (respect)
here.
O Lakshmi, where are you?
23