Prepositions - 2nd type vEtRumai - 2 (ai) §ÅüÚ¨Á - 2 (³) Usage: The 2nd vEtRumai is used when you apply an action on an object or person. (English does not have any explicit preposition that is used in this context. Only some pronouns seem to follow Tamil like pattern. For example, "Call him / Call her" - note that we do not say "Call he / Call she". However, we say "Call Raman / Call it") Note: 1. In Tamil, the preposition is not written separately. It is invariably merged with the associated object as a suffix. 2. There are rules and conventions that may cause some additional letters to get inserted before the preposition. ±ØÐõ Ó¨È ÁÃõ+³ = ÁÃò¨¾ ¿¸õ + ³ = ¿¸ò¨¾ ÀÆõ + ³ = ÀÆò¨¾ À¼õ + ³ = À¼ò¨¾ ÁÃò¨¾ ¿Î ¿¸ò¨¾ ¦ÅðÎ ÀÆò¨¾ ¯Ã¢ À¼ò¨¾ Á¡ðÎ Formal maram+ai = maraththai ~nagam + ai = ~nagaththai pazham + ai = pazhaththai padam + ai = padaththai ¸¡÷ + ³ = ¸¡¨Ã §¾÷ + ³ = §¾¨Ã ¦ÀÂ÷ + ³ = ¦À¨à ¾Â¢÷ + ³ = ¾Â¢¨Ã ¸¡¨Ã µðÎ §¾¨Ã Ø ¦À¨Ãî ¦º¡ø ¾Â¢¨Ãì ÌÊ kAr + ai = kArai thEr + ai = thErai peyar + ai = peyarai thayir + ai = thayirai Last Updated: 27-May-03 maraththai ~nadu ~nagaththai vettu pazhaththai uri padaththai mAttu kArai Ottu thErai izhu peyaraic col thayiraik kudi Prepositions_Consolidated.doc §ÀîÍ ÅÆìÌ ÁÃò¾ ¿¸ò¾ ÀÆò¾ À¼ò¾ ÁÃò¾ ¿Î ¿¸ò¾ ¦ÅðÎ ÀÆò¾ ¯Ã¢ À¼ò¾ Á¡ðÎ Colloquial maraththa ~nagaththa pazhaththa padaththa Meaning maraththa ~nadu ~nagaththa vettu pazhaththa uri padaththa mAttu plant (the) tree cut (the) nail ¸¡Ã §¾Ã §Àà ¾Â¢Ã ¸¡Ã µðÎ §¾Ã Ø §ÀÃî ¦º¡øÖ ¾Â¢Ã ÌÊ kAra thEra pEra thayira kAra Ottu thEra izhu pErac collu thayira kudi peel (the) fruit hang (the) picture drive (the) car pull (the) chariot tell (the) name drink (the) yogurt 1 ±ØÐõ Ó¨È Á¡Î + ³ = Á¡ð¨¼ ÜÎ + ³ = Ü𨼠ţΠ+ ³ = ţ𨼠¸¡Î + ³ = ¸¡ð¨¼ Á¡ð¨¼ì ¸ðÎ Üð¨¼ô À¡÷ Å£ð¨¼ì ¸ðÎ ¸¡ð¨¼ì ¸¡ôÀ¡üÚ Formal mAdu + ai = mAttai kUdu + ai = kUttai vIdu + ai = vIttai kAdu + ai = kAttai ÒÄ¢ + ³ = ÒÄ¢¨Â н¢ + ³ = н¢¨Â Å¢¨Ä + ³ = Å¢¨Ä¨Â ¸¼¨Ä+³= ¸¼¨Ä¨Â Ũ¼ + ³ = Ũ¼¨Â ÒÄ¢¨Âô À¢Ê н¢¨Â ÁÊ Å¢¨Ä¨Âì §¸û ¸¼¨Ä¨Âì ¸Ê Å¨¼¨Âò ¾¢ý puli + ai = puliyai thuNi + ai = thuNiyai vilai + ai = vilaiyai kadalai + ai = kadalaiyai vadai + ai = vadaiyai mAttaik kattu kUttaip pAr vIttaik kattu kAttaik kAppAtRu puliyaip pidi thuNiyai madi vilaiyaik kEL kadalaiyaik kadi vadaiyaith thin §ÀîÍ ÅÆìÌ Á¡ð¼ Üð¼ ţ𼠸¡ð¼ Á¡ð¼ ¸ðÎ Üð¼ À¡÷ ţ𼠸ðÎ ¸¡ð¼ ¸¡ôÀ¡òÐ Colloquial mAtta kUtta vItta kAtta Meaning mAtta kattu kUtta pAr vItta kattu kAtta kAppAththu tie (the) cow ÒĢ н¢Â ¦ÅÄ ¸¼Ä ż ÒĢ À¢Ê н¢Â ÁÊ ¦ÅÄ §¸û ¸¼Ä ¸Ê ż ¾¢ýÛ puliya thuNiya velaya kadalaya vadaya puliya pidi thuNiya madi velaya kEL kadalaya kadi vadaya thinnu §ÀîÍ + ³ = §À À¡ðÎ + ³ = À¡ð¨¼ ÀÕôÒ + ³ = ÀÕô¨À pEccu + ai = pEccai pAttu + ai = pAttai paruppu + ai = paruppai §Àîº À¡ð¼ ÀÕôÀ pEcca pAtta paruppa §À ¿¢ÚòÐ À¡ð¨¼ô À¡Î ÀÕô¨Àî º¡ôÀ¢Î pEccai ~niRuththu pAttaip pAdu paruppaic cAppidu §Àîº ¿¢ÚòÐ À¡ð¼ À¡Î ÀÕôÀ º¡ôÒÎ pEcca ~niRuththu pAtta pAdu paruppa sAppudu Last Updated: 27-May-03 Prepositions_Consolidated.doc look (at the) nest build (the) house save/protect (the) forest catch (the) tiger fold (the) clothes ask (the) price bite (the) peanut eat (the) vadai stop (the) talk sing (the) song eat (the) lentils 2 ±ØÐõ Ó¨È §º¡Ú + ³ = §º¡ü¨È ¸Â¢Ú + ³ = ¸Â¢ü¨È §ºÚ + ³ = §ºü¨È ¸¢½Ú + ³ = ¸¢½ü¨È §º¡ü¨Èô À¢¨º ¸Â¢ü¨È Ø §ºü¨È Á¢¾¢ì¸¡§¾ ¸¢½ü¨È ¦ÅðÎ Formal sORu + ai = sOtRai kayiRu + ai = kayitRai sERu + ai = sEtRai kiNaRu + ai = kiNatRai §ÀîÍ ÅÆìÌ §º¡ò¾ ¸Âò¾ §ºò¾ ¦¸½ò¾ Colloquial sOththa kayaththa sEththa keNaththa Meaning sOtRaip pisai kayitRai izhu sEtRai midhikkAdhE kiNatRai vettu §º¡ò¾ ¦Àº ¸Âò¾ Ø §ºò¾ Á¢¾¢ì¸¡¾ ¦¸½ò¾ ¦ÅðÎ sOththa pesa kayaththa izhu sEththa midhikkAdha keNaththa vettu mix (the) rice 2 ±ØòÐ Å¡÷ò¨¾ ÌÈ¢ø + (ñ, ö, ø, û) ¸ñ + ³ = ¸ñ¨½ ¦Àñ + ³ = ¦Àñ¨½ ¦¿ö + ³ = ¦¿ö¨Â ¸ø + ³ = ¸ø¨Ä ¸û + ³ = ¸û¨Ç ¸ñ¨½ò ¾¢È ¦Àñ¨½ì ÜôÀ¢Î ¦¿ö¨Âì ¸Ä ¸ø¨Ä ¿¸÷òÐ Àø¨Äò §¾ö ¸û¨Çì ÌÊ측§¾ 2 ezhuththu vArththai kuRil + (N, y, l, L) ¸ñ½ ¦Àñ½ ¦¿ö ¸øÄ ¸ûÇ ¸ñ½ ¦¾È ¦Àñ¨½ì ÜôÀ¢Î ¦¿ö ¸Ä ¸øÄ ¿¸òÐ ÀøÄ §¾ö ¸ûÇ ÌÊ측§¾ kaNNa peNNa ~neyya kalla kaLLa (3+ ±ØòÐ Å¡÷ò¨¾ / 2 ±ØòÐ Å¡÷ò¨¾ ¦¿Êø) + (ñ, ö, ø, û) (3+ ezhuththu vArththai / 2 ezhuththu vArththai ~nedil) + (N, y, l, L) Last Updated: 27-May-03 Prepositions_Consolidated.doc kaN + ai = kaNNai peN + ai = peNNai ~ney + ai = ~neyyai kal + ai = kallai kaL + ai = kaLLai kaNNaith thiRa peNNaik kUppidu ~neyyaik kala kallai ~nagarththu pallaith thEy kaLLaik kudikkAdhE kaNNa theRa peNNaik kUppidu ~neyya kala kalla ~nagaththu palla thEy kaLLa kudikkAdhE pull (the) rope do not step on the mud dig (the) well open (the) eye call (the) woman mix (the) ghee move (the) stone brush (the) teeth do not drink wine 3 ±ØÐõ Ó¨È «Ãñ + ³ = «Ã¨½ Á¸û + ³ = Á¸¨Ç ¯Ãø + ³ = ¯Ã¨Ä ¸¡ö + ³ = ¸¡¨Â À¡ø + ³ = À¡¨Ä ¸¡ø + ³ = ¸¡¨Ä áÁý + ³ = áÁ¨É «Ã¨½ì ¸ðÎ Á¸¨Çì ÜôÀ¢Î ¯Ã¨Äò àìÌ ¸¡¨Â ¿ÚìÌ À¡¨Äì ÌÊ ¸¡¨Ä Á¼ìÌ Ã¡Á¨Éì ÜôÀ¢Î Formal araN + ai = araNai magaL + ai = magaLai ural + ai = uralai kAy + ai = kAyai pAl + ai = pAlai kAl + ai = kAlai rAman + ai = rAmanai araNaik kattu magaLaik kUppidu uralaith thUkku kAyai ~naRukku pAlaik kudi kAlai madakku rAmanaik kUppidu Word List ÁÃõ maram ¿Î ~nadu ¿¸õ ¦ÅðÎ ~nagam vettu ÀÆõ ¯Ã¢ pazham uri À¼õ Á¡ðÎ padam mAttu Last Updated: 27-May-03 §ÀîÍ ÅÆìÌ «Ã½ Á¸Ç ¯ÃÄ ¸¡Â À¡Ä ¸¡Ä áÁÉ «Ã½ ¸ðÎ Á¸Ç ÜôÒÎ ¯ÃÄ àìÌ ¸¡Â ¿ÚìÌ À¡Ä ÌÊ ¸¡Ä Á¼ìÌ Ã¡ÁÉ ÜôÒÎ 1. n. tree 2. n. wood 1. v. plant (a tree) 2. adj. center; middle n. (finger/toe) nail 1. v. cut; 2. dig (i.e. 'cut' the earth) n. fruit 1. v. peel 2. n. skin (archaic) n. picture 1. v. hang (a picture); 2. v. hook up Prepositions_Consolidated.doc Colloquial araNa magaLa urala kAya pAla kAla rAmana Meaning araNa kattu magaLa kUppudu urala thUkku kAya ~naRukku pAla kudi kAla madakku rAmana kUppudu build (the) fort call (the) daughter lift (the) mortar cut (the) vegetable drink (the) milk bend (the) leg call Raman À¡ðÎ pAttu n. song/poem À¡Î pAdu v. sing ÀÕôÒ º¡ôÀ¢Î paruppu sAppidu n. lentils v. eat §º¡Ú À¢¨º sORu pisai n. cooked rice v. knead; mix ¸Â¢Ú §ºÚ kayiRu sERu n. rope n. mud 4 µðÎ Ottu §¾÷ Ø ¦ÀÂ÷ ¦º¡ø thEr izhu peyar sol ¾Â¢÷ ÌÊ thayir kudi Á¡Î ¸ðÎ mAdu kattu ÜÎ kUdu À¡÷ pAr ţΠvIdu ¸¡Î ¸¡ôÀ¡üÚ kAdu kAppAtRu ÒÄ¢ À¢Ê puli pidi Last Updated: 27-May-03 1. v. drive 2. v. shoo away n. chariot v. pull n. name 1. v. say 2. n. word n. yogurt 1. v. drink 2. n. citizen/subject n. cow/cattle 1. v. tie (rope, etc.); 2. v. build 3. n. bundle 1. n. nest 2. v. assemble together 1. v. see; look 2. n. world 1. n. house 2. n. nirvana/mOksham n. forest v. save; protect Á¢¾¢ midhi v. step on ¸¢½Ú ¦ÅðÎ À¡ø ÜôÀ¢Î kiNaRu vettu pAl kUppidu n. (open) well v. cut; dig n. milk v. call ¸ñ ¾¢È kaN thiRa n. eye v. open ¦Àñ ¦¿ö peN ~ney n. woman; girl n. ghee ¸Ä kala v. mix ¸ø kal ¿¸÷òÐ ~nagarththu 1. n. stone 2. v. learn v. move; shift Àø §¾ö pal thEy n. tiger 1. v. catch 2. v. like 3. n. a measure of quantity (handful) 4. n. female elephant (archaic) ¸û ÌÊ측§¾ kaL kudikkAdhE Prepositions_Consolidated.doc n. tooth 1. v. brush; rub 2. v. diminish / wear out n. wine v. do not drink 5 н¢ thuNi 1. n. clothes 2. n. cloth 3. v. act bravely; act decisively 4. v. cut (archaic) 1. n. fold 2. v. die «Ãñ araN n. fort ÁÊ madi ¸ðÎ kattu Á¸û ¯Ãø magaL ural kadalai n. price 1. v. ask 2. v. listen n. peanut 1. v. build 2. v. tie 3. n. bundle; 4. n. bandage; n. daughter n. mortar Å¢¨Ä §¸û vilai kEL ¸¼¨Ä àìÌ thUkku ¸Ê kadi v. bite ¸¡ö kAy Ũ¼ vadai n. vadai ¸¡ø kAl ¾¢ý §ÀîÍ thin pEccu v. eat n. talk/speech Á¼ìÌ madakku Last Updated: 27-May-03 Prepositions_Consolidated.doc 1. v. lift; raise 2. n. a vessel with a carrying handle 3. n. hanging noose 1. n. vegetable 2. n. game piece 1. n. leg; foot 2. n. quarter v. bend; fold 6 Prepositions - 3rd type (by, with) vEtRumai - 3 (Al, Odu, udan) §ÅüÚ¨Á - 3 (¬ø, µÎ, ¯¼ý) Usage: The 3rd vEtRumai is used when you do something using or with an object / person. English Some examples This is usually 'by / using' Sometimes, "with" is used in English. "Eat with a spoon" = "eat using a spoon". "Eat with us" = "eat together". Note: 3. In Tamil, the preposition is not written separately. It is invariably merged with the associated object/person as a suffix. 4. There are rules and conventions that may cause some additional letters to get inserted before the preposition. ±ØÐõ Ó¨È ¬ø µÎ ¯¼ý Formal Al Odu udan ÁÃõ + ¬ø = ÁÃò¾¡ø maram + Al = maraththAl ¿¸õ+¬ø = ¿¸ò¾¡ø ~nagam+Al = ~nagaththAl ÀÆõ+µÎ = ÀÆò§¾¡Î À¼õ + ¯¼ý = À¼òмý ÁÃò¾¡ø ¿¡ü¸¡Ä¢ ¦ºö Last Updated: 27-May-03 pazham+Odu = pazhaththOdu padam + udan = padaththudan maraththAl ~nARkAli sey Prepositions_Consolidated.doc §ÀîÍ ÅÆìÌ ¬Ä µ¼ µ¼ ÁÃò¾¡Ä ¿¸ò¾¡Ä ÀÆò§¾¡¼ À¼ò§¾¡¼ ÁÃò¾¡Ä ¿¡ü¸¡Ä¢ ¦ºö Colloquial Ala Meaning by (i.e. by using something) Oda (Sometimes in English, we use 'with' in this context) with (i.e. together); Oda (other meanings: run; roof tile, etc) along with; together; maraththAla ~nagaththAla pazhaththOda padaththOda (other meanings: as soon as; immediately; etc) by the tree; by wood; by the (finger) nail with the fruit with the picture maraththAla ~nARkAli sey make (the) chair with wood 7 ±ØÐõ Ó¨È ó¾ ¿¡ü¸¡Ä¢ ¸ñ½É¡ø ¦ºöÂôÀð¼Ð ¿¸ò¾¡ø ¸¢ûǢɡý ÀÆò§¾¡Î Åó¾¡÷ Formal i~ndha ~nARkAli kaNNanAl seyyappattadhu Colloquial i~ndha ~nARkAli kaNNanAla seyyappattadhu Meaning this chair was made by Kannan ~nagaththAl kiLLinAn pazhaththOdu va~ndhAr §ÀîÍ ÅÆìÌ ó¾ ¿¡ü¸¡Ä¢ ¸ñ½É¡Ä ¦ºöÂôÀð¼Ð ¿¸ò¾¡Ä ¸¢ûǢɡý ÀÆò§¾¡¼ Åó¾¡÷ ~nagaththAla kiLLinAn pazhaththOda va~ndhAr À¼òмý ÅÕ§Åý padaththudan varuvEn À¼ò§¾¡¼ ÅÕ§Åý padaththOda varuvEn (he) pinched with (his) nails he/she (respect) came with fruit (I) will come with the picture °÷ + ¯¼ý = °Õ¼ý À¡ø + µÎ = À¡§Ä¡Î Å¡û + ¬ø = Å¡Ç¡ø Ur + udan = Urudan pAl + Odu = PAlOdu vAL + Al = vALAl °§Ã¡¼ À¡§Ä¡¼ Å¡Ç¡Ä UrOda PalOda vALAla with the town with milk by the sword °Õ¼ý À¨¸ì¸¡§¾ À¡§Ä¡Î ¾Â¢¨Ãì ¸ÄìÌ Å¡Ç¡ø ¦ÅðÎ Urudan pagaikkAdhE pAlOdu thayiraik kalakku °§Ã¡¼ À¨¸ì¸¡¾ À¡§Ä¡¼ ¾Â¢Ã ¸ÄìÌ UrOda pagaikkAdha pAlOda thayira kalakku do not fight with the town mix yogurt with milk vALAl vettu Å¡Ç¡Ä ¦ÅðÎ vALAla vettu cut with the sword ÌÈÎ + ¬ø = ÌÈð¼¡ø kuRadu + Al = kuRattAl vIdu + Odu = vIttOdu kuRattAla vIttOda by the pliers with the house ÌÈð¼¡ø ¬½¢¨Âô À¢ÎíÌ Å£ð§¼¡Î Õ kuRattAl ANiyaip pidu~nggu ÌÈð¼¡Ä ţ𧼡¼ ÌÈð¼¡Ä ¬½¢Â À¢ÎíÌ Å£ð§¼¡¼ Õ kuRattAla ANiya pidu~nggu pull the nail with the pliers vIttOda iru stay with the house ¸ò¾¢ + ¬ø = ¸ò¾¢Â¡ø ÅñÊ + µÎ = Åñʧ¡Πkaththi + Al = kaththiyAl vaNdi + Odu = vaNdiyOdu kaththiyAla vaNdiyOda by the knife with the cart ¸ò¾¢Â¡ø ¦Åð¼ ÓÊÔõ kaththiyAl vetta mudiyum ¸ò¾¢Â¡Ä Åñʧ¡¼ ¸ò¾¢Â¡Ä ¦Åð¼ ÓÊÔõ kaththiyAla vetta mudiyum (one/we) can cut with knife ţΠ+ µÎ = ţ𧼡ΠLast Updated: 27-May-03 vIttOdu iru Prepositions_Consolidated.doc 8 ±ØÐõ Ó¨È Åñʧ¡Π¸¡Õõ Åó¾Ð Formal vaNdiyOdu kArum va~ndhadhu §ÀîÍ + ¬ø = §Àø pEccu + Al = pEccAl thattu + Odu = thattOdu §ÀîÍ ÅÆìÌ Åñʧ¡¼ ¸¡Õõ ÅóòÐ ¦ÅðÊô §Àø ±ýÉ Ä¡Àõ? ¾ð§¼¡Î ¾¡ §Àîº¡Ä ¾ð§¼¡¼ vettip pEccAl enna lAbam? ¦ÅðÊô §Àîº¡Ä ±ýÉ Ä¡Àõ? thattOdu thA ¾ð§¼¡¼ ¾¡ ¸Â¢Ú + ¬ø = ¸Â¢üÈ¡ø §º¡Ú + µÎ = §º¡ü§È¡Î kayiRu + Al = kayitRAl sORu + Odu = sOtROdu §º¡ü§È¡Î ¯ô¨Àì ¸Ä ¸Â¢üÈ¡ø ¸ðÎ ¸ñ+¬ø = ¸ñ½¡ø ¦ºí¸ø + ¬ø = ¦ºí¸øÄ¡ø Àø + ¬ø = ÀøÄ¡ø ¸ñ½¡ø À¡÷츢§È¡õ ¦ºí¸øÄ¡ø ţΠ¸ðÎ ÀøÄ¡ø ¸Êì¸ ÓÊÔõ («¨¾) ±ýÉ¡ø àì¸ ÓÊ¡РkaN + Al = kaNNAl ¸ñ½¡Ä se~nggal+Al = se~nggallAl ¦ºí¸øÄ¡Ä pal + Al = pallAl ÀøÄ¡Ä ¾ðÎ + µÎ = ¾ð§¼¡Î Colloquial vaNdiyOda kArum va~nththu Meaning the car also came with the cart pEccAla thattOda by talk with plate vettip pEccAla enna lAbam? What is the benefit (obtained) by useless talk? thattOda thA (you) give with the plate kayaththAla sOtROda by the rope with the (cooked) rice sOtROdu uppaik kala ¸Âò¾¡Ä §º¡ü§È¡¼ §º¡ò¾ ¯ôÀì ¸Ä sOththa uppak kala mix salt with (cooked) rice kayitRAl kattu ¸Âò¾¡Ä ¸ðÎ kayaththAla kattu tie with (the) rope kaNNAla se~nggallAla pallAla by the eye by the brick by the tooth/teeth kaNNAl pArkkiROm ¸ñ½¡Ä À¡ì¸§È¡õ kaNNAla pAkkaROm we see with eyes se~nggallAl vIdu kattu ¦ºí¸øÄ¡Ä Å£Î ¸ðÎ se~nggallAla vIdu kattu build (the) house with bricks pallAl kadikka mudiyum ÀøÄ¡Ä ¸Êì¸ ÓÊÔõ («¾) ±ýÉ¡Ä àì¸ ÓÊ¡РpallAla kadikka mudiyum (one/we) can bite with teeth (adha) ennAla thUkka mudiyAdhu (it) can not be lifted by me. (i.e. I can not lift (it)). (adhai) ennAl thUkka mudiyAdhu Word List Last Updated: 27-May-03 Prepositions_Consolidated.doc 9 ¿¡ü¸¡Ä¢ ¦ºö ¸¢ûÙ °÷ ~nARkAli sey kiLLu Ur n. chair v. do; make; v. pinch n. town / place where people live together; 1. v. fight; 2. n. enmity n. milk v. mix ÅñÊ ¦ÅðÊ §ÀîÍ ±ýÉ vaNdi vetti pEccu enna n. cart adj. useless n. talk; speech; what À¨¸ pagai Ä¡Àõ lAbam n. benefit; profit; À¡ø ¸ÄìÌ pAl kalakku ¸¡Î ¾ðÎ kAdu thattu 1. n. sword 2. adj. shiny (archaic) n. pliers ¾¡ thA forest 1. n. plate; 2. n. shelf 3. v. tap; knock; 4. v. clap; v. give Å¡û vAL ÌÈÎ kuRadu ¯ôÒ uppu ¬½¢ ANi ¸Ä kala pidu~nggu n. nail (fastener - not finger nail) v. pull À¢ÎíÌ ¸ðÎ kattu Õ ¸ò¾¢ iru kaththi v. stay; be; n. knife ¸ñ À¡÷ kaN pAr ÓÊÔõ ÓÊ¡Рmudiyum mudiyAdhu adv. can; it is possible adv. can not be; it is not possible ¦ºí¸ø se~nggal Last Updated: 27-May-03 Prepositions_Consolidated.doc 1. n. salt; 2. v. bloat; become big v. mix 1. v. build 2. v. tie 3. n. bundle; 4. n. bandage; n. eye 1. v. see; 2. n. world n. brick 10 Prepositions - 4th type vEtRumai - 4 (ku) §ÅüÚ¨Á - 4 (Ì) Usage: The 4th vEtRumai is used when you do something to an object/person. English Some examples This is usually 'to' "Go to Madras" "A sheath is needed for the sword" = "The sword needs a sheath" However, in English, there are some instances where 'for' is used. Also, there are some instances where no preposition is explicitly used in "Water the plant" means "pour water to the plant". English. "Paint the wall" means "apply paint to the wall". "Raman wants a banana" Note: 5. In Tamil, the preposition is not written separately. It is invariably merged with the associated object/person as a suffix. 6. There are rules and conventions that may cause some additional letters to get inserted before the preposition. ±ØÐõ Ó¨È Ì ÁÃõ+Ì = ÁÃòÐìÌ ¿¸õ+Ì = ¿¸òÐìÌ ÁÃòÐìÌ ¿£÷ ŢΠmaraththukku ~nIr vidu §ÀîÍ ÅÆìÌ Ì ÁÃòÐìÌ ¿¸òÐìÌ À¼òÐìÌ ÁÃòÐìÌ ¾ñ½¢ ŢΠ¿¸òÐìÌ ¿¢Èõ ⺢ɡû ~nagaththukku ~niRam pUsinAL ¿¸òÐìÌ ¦¿Èõ ⺢ɡ ~nagaththukku ~neRam pUsinA À¼òÐìÌ ºð¼õ §À¡¼ §ÅñÎõ padaththukku sattam pOda vENdum À¼òÐìÌ ºð¼õ §À¡¼Ïõ padaththukku sattam pOdaNum À¼õ + Ì = À¼òÐìÌ Last Updated: 27-May-03 Formal ku maram+ku = maraththukku ~nagam+ku = ~nagaththukku padam + ku = padaththukku Prepositions_Consolidated.doc Colloquial ku maraththukku ~nagaththukku padaththukku maraththukku thaNNi vidu Meaning to; for; to the tree; to wood; to the (finger) nail to the picture pour water to the tree (i.e. water the tree) she painted color to the nail (i.e. she put nail polish on her nails) (we) need to put (a) frame to the picture (i.e. we need to frame the picture) 11 ±ØÐõ Ó¨È °÷ + Ì = °ÕìÌ À¡ø + Ì = À¡ÖìÌ Å¡û + Ì = Å¡ÙìÌ Formal Ur + ku = Urukku pAl + ku = PAlukku vAL + ku = vALukku §ÀîÍ ÅÆìÌ °ÕìÌ À¡ÖìÌ Å¡ÙìÌ Colloquial Urukku PAlukku vALukku Meaning to / for the town to / for milk to / for the sword °ÕìÌô §À¡ À¡ÖìÌî º÷츨à §ÅñÎõ Å¡ÙìÌ ¯¨È §¾¨Å Urukkup pO pAlukkuc carkkarai vENdum °ÕìÌô §À¡ À¡ÖìÌ ºì¸¨Ã §ÅÏõ Å¡ÙìÌ ´È §¾Å Urukkup pO pAlukku sakkarai vENum go to town vALukku oRa thEva sheath needed for sword (i.e. sword needs a sheath) §¾¡Î+Ì = §¾¡ðÎìÌ thOdu + ku = thOttukku vIdu + ku = vIttukku §¾¡ðÎìÌ Å£ðÎìÌ §¾¡ðÎìÌò ¾í¸õ §ÅÏõ Å£ðÎìÌ Üà ¯ñÎ thOttukku vIttukku to / for the ear ring to / for the house thOttukkuth tha~nggam vENum need gold for the ear ring vIttukku kUra uNdu there is roof to the house (i.e. the house has roof) kaththikku vaNdikku to / for the knife to / for the cart kaththikkuk kUrmai vENum vaNdikku mAdu illa sharpness needed for the knife. (i.e. the knife needs sharpness) there is no bull for the cart pEccukku thattukku to / for talk to / for plate en pEccukku ~nalla kaidhattal there was great applause for my speech ţΠ+ Ì = Å£ðÎìÌ §¾¡ðÎìÌò ¾í¸õ §ÅñÎõ Å£ðÎìÌ Ü¨Ã ¯ñÎ ¸ò¾¢ + Ì = ¸ò¾¢ìÌ vALukku uRai thEvai thOttukkuth tha~nggam vENdum vIttukku kUrai uNdu ÅñÊ + Ì = ÅñÊìÌ kaththi + ku = kaththikku vaNdi + ku = vaNdikku ¸ò¾¢ìÌì Ü÷¨Á §ÅñÎõ kaththikkuk kUrmai vENdum ¸ò¾¢ìÌ ÅñÊìÌ ¸ò¾¢ìÌì Ü÷¨Á §ÅÏõ ÅñÊìÌ Á¡Î ø¨Ä vaNdikku mAdu illai ÅñÊìÌ Á¡Î §ÀîÍ + Ì = §ÀîÍìÌ pEccu + ku = pEccukku thattu + ku = thattukku §ÀîÍìÌ ¾ðÎìÌ ±ý §ÀîÍìÌ ¿øÄ ¨¸¾ð¼ø ¾ðÎ + Ì = ¾ðÎìÌ ±ý §ÀîÍìÌ ¿øÄ ¨¸¾ð¼ø Last Updated: 27-May-03 en pEccukku ~nalla kaidhattal Prepositions_Consolidated.doc øÄ need sugar for milk (i.e. milk needs sugar) 12 ±ØÐõ Ó¨È ¾ðÎìÌ ±ýÉ Å¢¨Ä? Formal thattukku enna vilai? §ÀîÍ ÅÆìÌ ¾ðÎìÌ ±ýÉ ¦ÅÄ? Colloquial thattukku enna vela? Meaning what is the price for the plate? ¸Â¢Ú + Ì = ¸Â¢üÚìÌ §º¡Ú + Ì = §º¡üÚìÌ kayiRu + ku = kayitRukku sORu + ku = sOtRukku kayitRukku sOtRukku to / for the rope to / for the (cooked) rice §º¡üÚìÌô Àïºõ sOtRukkup pa~njjam ¸Â¢üÚìÌ §º¡üÚìÌ §º¡òÐìÌô Àïºõ sOththukkup pa~njjam ¸Â¢üÚìÌ ±ýÉ Ì¨È? kayitRukku enna kuRai? ¸ÂòÐìÌ ±ýÉ ¦¸¡È? kayaththukku enna koRa? scarcity exists for food (i.e. food is scarce) what shortcoming exists for the rope? (i.e. what is wrong with this rope?) ¸ñ + Ì = ¸ñÏìÌ ¸ñÏìÌ ÁÕóРŢΠkaN + ku = kaNNukku kaNNukku maru~ndhu vidu ¸ñÏìÌ ¸ñÏìÌ ÁÕóРŢΠkaNNukku kaNNukku maru~ndhu vidu Word List ¿£÷ ~nIr ŢΠvidu ¸¢ûÙ kiLLu ¿¢Èõ âÍ ~niRam pUsu ºð¼õ sattam Last Updated: 27-May-03 to / for the eye pour medicine to the eye 1. n. water 2. n. you (respect) (archaic) 1. v. pour; 2. v. leave; 3. v. release v. pinch Ü÷¨Á kUrmai n. sharpness Á¡Î mAdu 1. n. cattle / cow / bull 2. n. wealth (archaic) illai n. color v. apply by spreading (paint, etc) 1. n. frame; 2. n. law; ¿øÄ ¨¸ ~nalla kai v. there is no / it does not have adj. good n. hand ¨¸¾ð¼ø kaidhattal n. applause Prepositions_Consolidated.doc ø¨Ä 13 §À¡Î pOdu §À¡ º÷츨à pO sarkkarai ¯¨È uRai §¾¨Å §¾¡Î ¾í¸õ ܨà ¯ñÎ thEvai thOdu tha~nggam kUrai uNdu Last Updated: 27-May-03 1. v. put; 2. v. drop; 3. v. to make (noise, etc.) v. go n. sugar Å¢¨Ä vilai n. price Àïºõ Ì¨È pa~njjam kuRai 1. n. cover; sheath; 2. v. freeze 3. v. live/stay n. need / want n. ear ring n. gold n. roof v. there is / it has ÁÕóÐ maru~ndhu n. scarcity; famine; 1. n. shortcoming; 2. n. flaw; defect; 3. v. to reduce / decrease 1. n. medicine; 2. n. immortal nectar (archaic) Prepositions_Consolidated.doc 14 Prepositions - 5th type vEtRumai - 5 (il, in, ai vida, inindRu, iliru~ndhu) §ÅüÚ¨Á - 5 ( ø, ý, ³ Å¢¼, É¢ýÚ, Ä¢ÕóÐ) Usage: The 5th vEtRumai is used when you compare something to another. It is also used when something is separated from another. English Some examples than from Note: 7. The preposition for comparison in current usage is "ai vida" (³ ³ Å¢¼). Å¢¼ 8. The preposition for 'from' in current usage is "iliru~ndhu" ( Ä¢ÕóÐ). Ä¢ÕóÐ ±ØÐõ Ó¨È ø, ý Ä¢ÕóÐ ³ Å¢¼ ¸¢Õ‰½É¢ý ¦ÀâÂÅý áÁý ¸¢Õ‰½¨É Å¢¼ô ¦ÀâÂÅý áÁý â¨É¢ý ÅÄ¢ÂÐ ¿¡ö â¨É¨Â Å¢¼ ÅÄ¢ÂÐ ¿¡ö Formal il, in iliru~ndhu ai vida kirushNanin periyavan rAman ÁÃõ+ Ä¢ÕóÐ = ÁÃò¾¢Ä¢ÕóÐ ÁÃò¾¢Ä¢ÕóÐ ¸£§Æ ÈíÌ Last Updated: 27-May-03 Colloquial il, in ulE~ndhu a vida kirushNanin periyavan rAman Meaning than (comparison) kirushNana vida periyavan rAman Raman is older than Krishnan pUnaiyin valiyadhu ~nAy §ÀîÍ ÅÆìÌ ø, ý ¯§ÄóÐ « Å¢¼ ¸¢Õ‰½É¢ý ¦ÀâÂÅý áÁý ¸¢Õ‰½É Å¢¼ ¦ÀâÂÅý áÁý â¨É¢ý ÅÄ¢ÂÐ ¿¡ö pUnaiyin valiyadhu ~nAy (the) dog is stronger than (the) cat pUnaiyai vida valiyadhu ~nAy â¨É Ţ¼ ÅÄ¢ÂÐ ¿¡ö pUnaiya vida valiyadhu ~nAy (the) dog is stronger than (the) cat maram+ iliru~ndhu = maraththiliru~ndhu ÁÃòЧÄóÐ maraththulE~ndhu from the tree maraththiliru~ndhu kIzhE iRa~nggu ÁÃòЧÄóÐ ¸£Æ ±ÈíÌ maraththulE~ndhu kIzha eRa~nggu get down from the tree kirushNanai vidap periyavan rAman Prepositions_Consolidated.doc from than (comparison) Raman is older than Krishnan 15 ±ØÐõ Ó¨È °÷ + Ä¢ÕóÐ = °Ã¢Ä¢ÕóÐ À¡ø + Ä¢ÕóÐ = À¡Ä¢Ä¢ÕóÐ °Ã¢Ä¢ÕóÐ À¡ðÊ Åó¾¡÷ À¡Ä¢Ä¢ÕóÐ ¦Åñ¦½ö ¸¢¨¼ìÌõ Formal Ur + iliru~ndhu = Uriliru~ndhu pAl + iliru~ndhu = PAliliru~ndhu §ÀîÍ ÅÆìÌ °÷§ÄóÐ À¡ø§ÄóÐ Colloquial UrlE~ndhu PAllE~ndhu Meaning from the town from milk Uriliru~ndhu pAtti va~ndhAr °÷§ÄóÐ À¡ðÊ Åó¾¡ À¡ø§ÄóÐ ¦Åñ½ ¦¸¨¼ìÌõ UrlE~ndhu pAtti va~ndhA Grandma came from (her) town. pAllE~ndhu veNNa kedaikkum (we) get butter from milk §¾¡Î + Ä¢ÕóÐ = §¾¡ðÊÄ¢ÕóРţΠ+ Ä¢ÕóÐ = Å£ðÊÄ¢ÕóÐ §¾¡ðÊÄ¢ÕóÐ Á½¢ Å¢Øó¾Ð Å£ðÊÄ¢ÕóÐ §¸¡Â¢ø ¬Ú ¨Áø thOdu + iliru~ndhu = thOttiliru~ndhu vIdu + iliru~ndhu = vIttiliru~ndhu §¾¡ðΧÄóРţðΧÄóÐ thOttulE~ndhu vIttulE~ndhu from the earring from the house thOttiliru~ndhu maNi vizhu~ndhadhu §¾¡ðΧÄóÐ Á½¢ Å¢ØóòРţðΧÄóÐ §¸¡Å¢ø ¬Ú ¨Áø thOttulE~ndhu maNi vizhu~nththu the gem fell from the earring vIttulE~ndhu kOvil ARu mail the temple is six miles from the house ÅñÊ + Ä¢ÕóÐ = ÅñÊ¢ĢÕóÐ ÅñÊ¢ĢÕóÐ Á¡ð¨¼ «Å¢ú vaNdi + iliru~ndhu = vaNdiyiliru~ndhu Åñ˧ÄóÐ vaNdIlE~ndhu from the cart vaNdiyiliru~ndhu mAttai avizh Åñ˧ÄóÐ Á¡ð¼ «× vaNdIlE~ndhu mAtta avu untie the bull from the cart pEccu + iliru~ndhu = pEcciliru~ndhu thattu + iliru~ndhu = thattiliru~ndhu §ÀîͧÄóÐ ¾ðΧÄóÐ pEcculE~ndhu thattulE~ndhu from the speech from the plate §ÀîÍ + Ä¢ÕóÐ = §ÀĢÕóÐ ¾ðÎ + Ä¢ÕóÐ = ¾ðÊÄ¢ÕóÐ Last Updated: 27-May-03 pAliliru~ndhu veNNey kidaikkum vIttiliru~ndhu kOyil ARu mail Prepositions_Consolidated.doc 16 ±ØÐõ Ó¨È «Å÷ §ÀĢÕóÐ ±ýÉ ¦¾Ã¢óЦ¸¡ñ¼¡ö? ¾ðÊÄ¢ÕóÐ ÀÕ쨸 ¸£§Æ Å¢Øó¾Ð Formal avar pEcciliru~ndhu enna theri~ndhukoNdAy? §ÀîÍ ÅÆìÌ «Å÷ §ÀîͧÄóÐ ±ýÉ ¦¾Ã¢ïÍñ¼? Colloquial avar pEcculE~ndhu enna theri~njjuNda? Meaning What did you learn from his/her (respect) speech? thattiliru~ndhu parukkai kIzhE vizhu~ndhadhu ¾ðΧÄóÐ ÀÕì¸ ¸£Æ Å¢ØóòÐ thattulE~ndhu parukka kIzha vizhu~nththu (a) morsel of rice fell down from the plate ¸¢½Ú + Ä¢ÕóÐ = ¸¢½üȢĢÕóÐ ¸¢½üȢĢÕóÐ ¾ñ½£¨Ã ¨È kiNaRu + iliru~ndhu = kiNatRiliru~ndhu ¸¢½òЧÄóÐ kiNaththulE~ndhu from the well kiNatRiliru~ndhu thaNNIrai iRai ¸¢½òЧÄóÐ ¾ñ½¢Â ±È kiNaththulE~ndhu thaNNiya eRa draw and pour water from the well ¸ñ + Ä¢ÕóÐ = ¸ñ½¢Ä¢ÕóÐ ¸ñ½¢Ä¢ÕóÐ ¸ñ½£÷ ÅÆ¢¸¢ÈÐ kaN + iliru~ndhu = kaNNiliru~ndhu ¸ñϧÄóÐ kaNNulE~ndhu from the eye kaNNiliru~ndhu kaNNIr vazhigiRadhu ¸ñϧÄóÐ ¸ñ½£÷ ÅÆ¢ÂÈÐ kaNNulE~ndhu kaNNIr vazhiyaRadhu tears flow from the eye Word List ¸£§Æ ÈíÌ kIzhE iRa~nggu À¡ðÊ ¦Åñ¦½ö Á½¢ pAtti veNNey maNi Å¢Ø vizhu Last Updated: 27-May-03 below; v. get down; climb down n. grandmother n. butter 1. n. jewel; gem 2. n. hour / time §¸¡Â¢ø «Å¢ú kOyil avizh n. temple v. untie ÀÕ쨸 ¸¢½Ú ¨È parukkai kiNaRu iRai v. fall ¸ñ½£÷ kaNNIr n. morsel of rice n. (water) well 1. v. draw and pour; bale out; 2. n. lord / god n. tears Prepositions_Consolidated.doc 17 Prepositions - 6th type vEtRumai - 6 (adhu, Adhu, a, udaiya) §ÅüÚ¨Á - 6 («Ð, «Ð, ¬Ð, «, ¯¨¼Â) ¯¨¼Â th Usage: The 6 vEtRumai is used to indicate possession / ownership / association. English Some examples of height of that tree ----'s (mine, his, etc) that tree's height Note: 9. The preposition for possession/ownership in current spoken usage is "udaiya" and "inudaiya" (¯¨¼Â, ¯¨¼Â, Û¨¼Â). Û¨¼Â ±ØÐõ Ó¨È «Ð ( ÉÐ) Formal adhu (inadhu) §ÀîÍ ÅÆìÌ adhu (inadhu) Colloquial adhu (inadhu) « a a a ¯¨¼Â ( Û¨¼Â) udaiya (inudaiya) udaiya (inudaiya) udaiya (inudaiya) ÁÃõ+ ¯¨¼Â = ÁÃò¾¢Û¨¼Â «ó¾ ÁÃò¾¢Û¨¼Â ¯ÂÃõ ±ýÉ? maram+ udaiya = maraththinudaiya a~ndha maraththOda oyaram enna? a~ndha maraththOda oyaram enna? what is the height of that tree? À¡ø+ ¯¨¼Â = À¡Ä¢Û¨¼Â À¡Ä¢Û¨¼Â ¿¢Èõ ¦Åñ¨Á Ð ±ýÛ¨¼Â ¨À pAl+ udaiya = PAlinudaiya PAlOda PAlOda milk's PAlinudaiya ~niRam veNmai PAlOda ~neRam veLLai PAlOda ~neRam veLLai milk's color is white idhu ennudaiya pai idhu ennOda pai idhu ennOda pai this is my bag Å£Î+¯¨¼Â = Å£ðÊÛ¨¼Â vIdu+udaiya = vIttinudaiya vIttOda vIttOda house's Last Updated: 27-May-03 a~ndha maraththinudaiya uyaram enna? Prepositions_Consolidated.doc Meaning of (indicates ownership and possessiveness) - singular of (indicates ownership and possessiveness) - plural of (indicates ownership and possessiveness) tree's 18 ±ØÐõ Ó¨È Å£ðÊÛ¨¼Â ±ñ ±ýÉ? Formal vIttinudaiya eN enna? §ÀîÍ ÅÆìÌ vIttOda eN enna? Colloquial vIttOda eN enna? Meaning what is the house's number? ÅñÊ¢ۨ¼Â «îÍ ÓÈ¢ó¾Ð vaNdiyinudaiya accu muRi~ndhadhu vaNdiyOda accu muRi~njjudhu vaNdiyOda accu muRi~njjudhu the cart's axle broke avanOda pEccu sari illa avanOda pEccu sari illa his speech is not proper ava~nggaLOda vIdu perusu ava~nggaLOda vIdu perusu their house is large «ÅÛ¨¼Â §ÀîÍ ºÃ¢ avanudaiya pEccu sari illai ø¨Ä avargaLudaiya vIdu «Å÷¸Ù¨¼Â ţΠperiyadhu ¦ÀâÂÐ ±ýÛ¨¼Â ¦ÀÂ÷ áÁý ±ÉÐ ¦ÀÂ÷ áÁý ¸¢½üÈ¢Û¨¼Â ¬Æõ «¾¢¸õ ennudaiya peyar rAman ennOda pEr rAman ennOda pEr rAman my name is Raman enadhu peyar rAman kiNatRinudaiya Azham adhigam en pEr rAman keNaththOda Azham adhigam en pEr rAman keNaththOda Azham adhigam my name is Raman º÷츨âۨ¼Â Å¢¨Ä ±ýÉ? sarkkaraiyinudaiya vilai enna? sakkarai enna vela? sakkarai enna vela? What is the price of sugar? Word List «ó¾ ¯ÂÃõ ¦Åñ¨Á ¨À ±ñ ºÃ¢ a~ndha uyaram veNmai pai eN sari Last Updated: 27-May-03 that n. height n. white n. bag n. number adv. proper; appropriate; OK Prepositions_Consolidated.doc ¦Àâ ¦ÀÂ÷ ¬Æõ «¾¢¸õ º÷츨à Ţ¨Ä periya peyar Azham adhigam sarkkarai vilai the depth of the well is great (i.e. it is a deep well) adj. big n. name n. depth big/great/a lot n. sugar n. price 19 Prepositions - 7th type vEtRumai - 7 (il, idaththil, kaN, mEl, kIzh) §ÅüÚ¨Á - 7 (il, idaththil, kaN, mEl, kIzh) Usage: The 7th vEtRumai is used to indicate location. English Some examples in in my house on on the table above / over above the clouds; over the fence; below / under / beneath below the surface; under the table; among, amongst inside ±ØÐõ Ó¨È ø ¼ò¾¢ø §Áø ( ý§Áø) ¸£ú ( ý¸£ú) ¯û (Ì ¯û = Ìû) Formal il idaththil mEl (inmEl) kIzh (inkIzh) uL (ku uL = kuL) «Ê¢ø (Ì «Ê¢ø. ý «Ê¢ø) adiyil (ku adiyil. in adiyil) ÁÃõ+ ø = ÁÃò¾¢ø Á¡ÁÃò¾¢ø ÀÆí¸û Õ츢ýÈÉ À¡Ä¢ø º÷츨à §À¡Î Last Updated: 27-May-03 §ÀîÍ ÅÆìÌ ¯Ä ±¼òÐÄ §ÁÄ (Ì §ÁÄ) ¸£Æ (Ì ¸£Æ) ¯ûÇ (Ì ¯ûÇ = ÌûÇ) Ì «ËÄ Colloquial ula edaththula mEla (ku mEla) kIzha (ku kIzha) uLLa (ku uLLa = kuLLa) Meaning in in ku adIla under, beneath maram+ il = maraththil mAmaraththil pazha~nggaL irukkindRana Á¡ÁÃòÐÄ ÀÆõ ÕìÌ mAmaraththula pazham irukku there are fruits on the mango tree pAlil sarkkarai pOdu À¡øÄ ºì¸Ã §À¡Î pAlla sakkara pOdu put sugar in the milk Prepositions_Consolidated.doc on below inside 20 ±ØÐõ Ó¨È ÁÃò¾¢ý¸£ú ¯ð¸¡÷ó¾¡ý Òò¾¸ò¾¢ý «Ê¢ø ¦Àýº¢ø Õó¾Ð Formal maraththinkIzh utkAr~ndhAn Colloquial maraththukku kIzha okkA~ndhAn Meaning (he) sat under the tree puththagaththin adiyil pensil iru~ndhadhu §ÀîÍ ÅÆìÌ ÁÃòÐìÌ ¸£Æ ´ì¸¡ó¾¡ý ÒŠ¾¸òÐìÌ «ËÄ ¦Àýº¢ø ÕóòÐ pusthagaththukku adIla pensil iru~nththu (the) pencil is under (the) book ÍÅâý§Áø À¼õ ŨÃó§¾ý suvarinmEl padam varai~ndhEn ¦º×òÐ §ÁÄ À¼õ ÅÃ狀ý sevuththu mEla padam vara~njjEn (I) drew a picture on the wall ¨¸Â¢ø ¸¡Í Õ츢ÈÐ kaiyil kAsu irukkiRadhu ¨¸Ä ¸¡Í kaila kAsu irukku (I) have money in (my) hand Á¨Ä¢ý§Áø ²È ÓÊÂÅ¢ø¨Ä malaiyinmEl ERa mudiyavillai Á¨Ä §ÁÄ ²È ÓÊÂÄ malai mEla ERa mudiyala (I) could not climb on the hill ¯í¸Ç¢ø ¡÷ «ñ½ý? ¯í¸ÙìÌû ±ýÉ ºñ¨¼? u~nggaLil yAr aNNan? ¯í¸ûÇ Â¡Õ «ñ½¡? ´í¸ÙìÌûÇ ±ýÉ ºñ¼? u~nggaLLa yAru aNNA? Who amongst you is (the) older brother? o~nggaLukkuLLa enna saNda? What is (the) fight among you? ¸¢½üÈ¢ø ÀóРŢØó¾Ð âÅ¢ø ÅñÎ ¦Á¡öìÌõ kiNatRil pa~ndhu vizhu~ndhadhu ¦¸½òÐÄ ÀóРŢØóòÐ â×Ä ÅñÎ ¦Á¡öìÌõ keNaththula pa~ndhu vizhu~nththu (The) ball fell in the well pUvula vaNdu moykkum Bees buzz in (the) flowers Word List Á¡ÁÃõ ÀÆõ ¯ð¸¡÷ u~nggaLukkuL enna saNdai? pUvil vaNdu moykkum mAmaram pazham utkAr Last Updated: 27-May-03 n. mango tree n. fruit v. sit Prepositions_Consolidated.doc ÕìÌ «ñ½ý ºñ¨¼ ÀóÐ aNNan saNdai pa~ndhu n. older brother n. fight n. ball 21 ÍÅ÷ Ũà suvar varai ¸¡Í kAsu Á¨Ä malai ²Ú ERu Last Updated: 27-May-03 n. wall v. draw; paint n. mountain n. money â ÅñÎ pU vaNdu n. flower n. bee; beetle; ¦Á¡ö moy v. to flock in large number n. hill; mountain; v. amaze; shock v. climb n. bull; lion; Prepositions_Consolidated.doc 22 Prepositions - 8th type (calling someone) vEtRumai - 8 (thani urubu kidaiyAdhu) §ÅüÚ¨Á - 8 (¾É¢ ¯ÕÒ ¸¢¨¼Â¡Ð) Usage: The 8th vEtRumai is used when you call someone. Depending on whether the person is near or far, the last vowel in the name may be short or long. If the name has any masculine suffix like 'an', then the 'n' will be dropped. If the name has respectful ending like 'ar', 'gaL', then a long vowel 'E' is appended. English Some examples In English, the word 'O' is added before the name. O lord! But, normally we just call out the name with some extra stress and loudness Note: 10. In Tamil, the preposition is not written separately. It is invariably merged with the associated object/person as a suffix. 11. There are rules and conventions that may cause some additional letters to get inserted before the preposition. ±ØÐõ Ó¨È Ã¡Á¡, í§¸ Å¡. ÄŒÁ£! ¿£ ±í§¸ Õ츢ȡö? ÌÕ츧Ç, í§¸ Å¡Õí¸û Last Updated: 27-May-03 Formal rAmA, i~nggE vA. lakshmI! ~nI e~nggE irukkiRAy? gurukkaLE, i~nggE vAru~nggaL Prepositions_Consolidated.doc §ÀîÍ ÅÆìÌ Ã¡Á¡, í¸ Å¡ ÄŒÁ£! ¿£ ±í¸ Õì¸? ÌÕ츧Ç, í¸ Å¡í§¸¡ (/ Å¡í¸) Colloquial rAmA, i~ngga vA lakshmI! ~nI e~ngga irukka? Meaning Raman, come here. gurukkaLE, i~ngga vA~nggO (/ vA~ngga) O gurukkaL, come (respect) here. O Lakshmi, where are you? 23