MOTIVATIONAL
THEORIES
BY JUDY LAYNE
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC
ABRAHAM MASLOW
MASLOW
HIERARCHY
OF NEEDS
What is Maslow’s theory?

ABRAHAM MASLOW BELIEVED THAT PERSONS ARE
MOTIVATED BY FIVE BASIC CATEGORIES OF NEEDS.

HE BELIEVED THAT:
➢
INDIVIDUAL NEEDS START AT THE LOWEST
LEVEL
➢
ONCE ONE LEVEL OF NEED HAS BEEN
SATISFIED, THE INDIVIDUAL WILL STRIVE TO
ACHIEVE THE NEXT LEVEL
➢
ONCE A NEED IS SATISFIED IT WILL NO
LONGER MOTIVATE INDIVIDUALS TO ACTION
➢
SELF-ACTUALISATION OR SELF-FULFILMENT IS
NOT REACHED BY MANY INDIVIDUALS BUT
EVERYONE IS CAPABLE OF REACHING THEIR
POTENTIAL
➢
REVERSION IS POSSIBLE
WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF MASLOW THEORY TO MANAGERS?

NEEDS DETERMINE ACTIONS

PERSONS ALWAYS TRY TO SATISFY NEEDS AND ARE
MOTIVATED TO DO SO

WORK CAN BE ORGANISED TO SATISFY SOME OR ALL
OF INDIVIDUAL NEEDS AT WORK

ONCE SATISFIED WORK WILL BECOME MORE
PRODUCTIVE
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE HIERARCHY OF
NEEDS TO BUSINESS
LEVEL OF NEED
HOW BUSINESS COULD ALLOW
THESE NEEDS TO BE MET

SELF-ACTUALISATION

OFFER CHALLENGING WORK THAT STRETCHES THE INDIVIDUAL

ESTEEM NEEDS

RECOGNITION FOR WORK WELL DONE

SOCIAL NEEDS

WORKING IN TEAMS OR GROUPS AND ENSURING GOOD
COMMUNITION TO MAKE WORKERS FEEL INVOLVED

SAFETY NEEDS

OFFERING A CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT WITH SOME JOB SECURITY

PHYSICAL NEEDS

INCOME FROM EMPLOYMENT ENOUGH TO MEET ESSENTIAL NEEDS
LIMITATIONS OF MASLOW’S APPROACH
NOT EVERONE HAS THE SAME NEEDS AS IS ASSUMED BY THE HIERARCHY
IT IS VERY DIFFICULT FOR MANAGERS TO IDENTIFY WHCH LEVEL OF NEED HAS
BEEN MET BY THE INDIVIDUAL
MONEY IS NECESSARY TO SATISFY PHYSICAL NEEDS AND ALSO MAY PLAY A
ROLE IN SATISFYING OTHER LEVELS SUCH AS STATUS AND ESTEEM
TO AVOID REGRESSION, JOBS MUST CONTINUALLY OFFER CHALLENGES AND
OPPORTUNITIES FOR FULFILMENT OTHERWISE INDIVIDUALS WILL REGRESS
PLEASE
WATCH SHORT
VIDEO

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O4ithG_07Q
MCGREGOR’S
THEORY X AND
THEORY Y
DOUGLAS MCGREGOR

IN 1960 DOUGLAS McGREGOR PUBLISHED ‘The Human Side of Enterprise.’

IN HIS BOOK HE GIVES DIFFERENT REASONS WHY PEOPLE WORK WHICH HE
TERMED AS THEORY X AND THEORY Y.
THEORY X AND THEORY Y
Thank You!
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