Atomic Structure, Chemistry, and Water Practice
Vocabulary. Define on your own paper: acid, adhesion, atom, base, cohesion, compound, covalent bond,
electron, element, hydrogen bond, ion, ionic bond, isotope, molecule, nucleus, pH scale, solute, solution,
solvent
1. The 3 particles of the atom are:
a. ____________________
b. ____________________
c. ____________________
Their charges are:
a. ______________
b. ______________
c. ______________
Where are they found in the atom?
a. ____________________
b. ____________________
c. ____________________
2. The number of protons in one atom of an element determines the atom’s ________ _________, and the
number of electrons determines the_______________ of the element.
3. The atomic number tells you the number of _________ in one atom of an element. It also tells you the
number of ______________ in a neutral atom of that element. The atomic number gives the “identity”of an
element as well as its location on the Periodic Table. No two different elements will have the ___________
atomic number.
4. The ________ _____________ of an element is the total number of protons and neutrons in the
____________ of the atom.
5. The mass number is used to calculate the number of _________ in one atom of an element. In order to
calculate the number of neutrons you must subtract the _____________ from the ____________ .
6. The type of bonds that form based on electrical attraction between oppositely charged particles is a(n)
___________ bond.
7. The type of bond that forms from the sharing of electrons between two atoms is a _____________ bond.
8. Examine the atom to the right and determine the following for each:
a. Atomic number __________
b. Atomic mass_________
c. # of electrons__________
d. # of protons___________
e. # of neutrons__________
f. Is this atom an ion? ___ If so what type?__________
9. Examine the atom to the right and determine the following for each:
a. Atomic number __________
b. Atomic mass_________
c. # of electrons__________
d. # of protons___________
e. # of neutrons__________
f. Is this atom an ion? ___ If so what type?__________
10. A solution that has an excess of ______________ ions is considered an acid and would have a pH in the
range of ___ to ____.
11. A solution that has an excess of ______________ ions is considered a base and would have pH in the range
of ____ to _____.
12. Look at the pH scale below. Which solution(s) would be considered an acid?
_________________________________
13. Which solution(s) above would be considered bases?
______________________________________________
14. In the chart above which solution is the most acidic and has the greatest Hydrogen ion concentration?
___________________
15. In the chart above which solution is the most basic and has the greatest hydroxide ion concentration?
______________________
16. Give the type of bond that holds a water molecule together. ___________________________
17. Give the type of bond that hold water molecules to each other. _________________________
18. List four major characteristics of water and put a star next to the characteristic that makes it a great solvent.
19. Label the hydrogen bonds and the covalent polar bonds in the water molecules below:
A.
B.