.,
-
rl:!tt'"!N"K'
4.
~i"J!f
B
,ha~
~ ~~"t
D
arm
l
C
.il{Tn
·"
C
-::
!'"I......~,
Harn
"
'Xi
~
~
C
k~t
ca!_Ol:"'
.\ ~"""'CT'U.i
="
dram..1
door
R
0
nlm
rol~-.
-
~
/
Ii.I
11
8
D
,,ou)d
C
3
0
r
- ~(.
sht11UJJ
roU
Before ~ ou read
-
-~t'--
~\ L'I,
.,., ::.:. -
- :..:-a.rJ ,an~ ? OO? lc
J
.1
:J
,
-
:l""il:r- ,,.
~ c!Ji
are un-
' lp
l.~>t: a•o n ;:, to ni:'
:_., ;;. :Ji:T:.-".::r.:- - _ r-.: :o nnd JO°b3'
•
C>1:-~: - :.:-.~ c~ec-.. ,
: _-c:--:- :-
r..:.
; cl-,:- m crea--=mg rate
=,T, o,
:lh: ', o u r:-e
of , ou:-
e
~\E'.zsmg rate of u.a~empJorment
ti-...12tion m wruch
- !.:I ~- tnSkcd · I ~""ln~
in
.., c.r,;gaged
.c:
li r-: ~.31~"G...f. h 25 2 s:· :UZDOJJ in ,,,itich
:..=e:::::: - ~ ref:cTJS ·
w....~
m;o:::i
o1
1
t
c~m - m;. :,ei..~
2
~
his also called
, ~~ l .r.e.n;-Jon:r~: ~voe , olur tan
JC
-
]i"it'c_
-
.
~~ • ~ v , a u is .a ~ation in
•hth the unemployed per.-:m deliberately
t!'Qlll."' lo ..-nd..at die going M: ~ rale. For ex-
ample, a young male gr.Jdualt' frnm a rich family can choose to reject any job offered to him,
preferring to stay idle a nd live tln lhe wea lth of
hi(; parents. A young female school lea ver may
choose to get married and rai~ children rather
than go into the labour mark.et. These are cases
of voluntary unemployment
ln\'oluntary unemployment occurs when
an individual i~ ready to do a job at the presen t wage ratC', but cannot find any job. In other
words, th,~ unempl<Jyed perc;,on i-, read\' tn work
but nobod~• u,i:;es hi:, "ervice.
In general, the term tmt.'1np/0111111.•nt 1c.. m,ed
to d5cribe involuntary unempl;,>'mcnt, <;ince
dus j5 thP k.ind of unemplnyment in \\ hich the
labour force ha~ no land and capital to combine
for production.
~ 0st developing countrie:,, including ,1gena, are passing through a period of high
unemployment rates. The unemployment rate
is calculated as a percentage by dividing the
number of unemployed individuals by all indi-
r -'""": .. ;p}.;r;Jlll!l;-trt :• : ~0~•-· :·-~}
:if...~~~pr~hen~i9n
i:.:~•'-...,.:.. .,..••: .':...... L--,.L,,.• ·
currently in the labour force. The labour
, force is the total nun1ber of people working in
a country.
Unemployment rate= Unemployed workers
1 ~ idua_ls
questions
c0
1
To l,11 lt1bour force
A number of factors have been responsible
for the increasing rate of unemploymen t j 11
Nigeria. Nigeria i~ blessed w ith c1 lot o f raw
materials and hum2rn reso u rces. H owever,
years of corruption and neglect have led to
the under-utilisation o f these resources. So the
resources do n o t y ield maximum economic
benefi t to the people. H e nce, unemployment
increases because the resources a re not used
to create more jobs.
Lack of adequ ate electric power generation is a m ajor cause of unemployment in the
country. Many graduates, artisans and youths
willing and able to work or be self-employed
are unable to use machi nes and other equipment to work. Without adequate electric power,
no jobs can be done. As a result, a lot of youths
roam the streets engaging in socia l evils like
1
2
What is another name for unemployment?
Give a n ins ta nce of voluntary unemployme nt.
3
How is the rate of unemployment calcula ted?
Wha t is the labo ur force?
Descri be two main ca uses of unemployme nt in N igeria .
Which one of the fol lowing is an effect of
une mployment in Nige ria ?
A revolution
B w hite-coll a r jobs
C prostitution
D fo re ig n cu rrcncy
The word nrtisn11s used in the seventh
paragraph means
A
ha ndi craft workers
13 bus condu cto rs
C mus icians
D fire fighters.
Which o ne of the fol lowing is no t responsible for unempl oyment in Nigeria?
A
corruptio n
B
inadequate power s upply
C neglect of agriculture
D inadequate number o f cars on the
road
Which word in the fi rs t paragraph m eans
'inacti ve'?
A
utilised
l3
joblessness
C idle
D engaged
The pronoun it used in the last se ntence
of the firs t paragraph refers to
A
unem ployment
B situa tion
C labour
D involuntary
4
5
6
7
8
I pick-pocketing and prostitu_tion .
.
Another serious cause ot unemployment 1s
neglect of the agricu ltural sector. ~any unemployed people look for white-collar Jobs - ,~ork
in offices, which are limited in number. Bemg a
farmer does not appeal to the youths. Nigeria
has abundant agricultural land to plant and
hat can earn a lot of foreign
expor t pro duce t
currency.
9
(Adapted from New Approach Economics by KV.
JO
Nnadi and A.B. Falodun.)