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A simulation assessment of the height of light shelves to enhance daylighting
quality in tropical office buildings under overcast sky conditions in Dhaka,
Banlgadesh
Article · July 2009
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Building
Simulation
2009
University of Strathclyde,
Glasgow
27th — 30th July
Proceedings of the 11th International
Building Performance Simulation
Association Conference
Editors:
Paul A. Strachan
Nick J. Kelly
Michaël Kummert
11th International Building Performance Simulation Association conference
BUILDING SIMULATION 2009
27th – 30th July, 2009
University of Strathclyde, Glasgow
Proceedings
Edited by:
Paul A. Strachan, Nick J. Kelly, and Michaël Kummert
Published by:
Building Simulation 2009 Organising committee
Copyright © 2009
International Building Performance Simulation Association
ISBN: 978-0-947649-40-1
Published by the Organizing Committee of
The 11th IBPSA Conference
Building Simulation 2009
For ordering information see: http://www.ibpsa.org
Preface
The biennial conference and exhibition of the International Building Performance Simulation Association
(IBPSA) is the premier event in the field. It covers all topics related to building performance simulation,
from building physics to human factors and HVAC systems, and from software development issues to
application of simulation in design practice, commissioning and post-occupancy performance assessment.
IBPSA was founded in 1986 to advance and promote the science of building performance simulation in order
to improve the design, construction, operation and maintenance of new and existing buildings worldwide.
Previous conferences in Vancouver, Canada (1989); Nice, France (1991); Adelaide, Australia (1993);
Madison, USA (1995); Prague, Czech Republic (1997); Kyoto, Japan (1999); Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2001);
Eindhoven, The Netherlands (2003); Montréal, Canada (2005); and Beijing, China (2007) have contributed
to this goal.
Computer simulation has become an increasingly popular tool to predict the environmental performance of
buildings in all stages of the building life cycle: from design through commissioning, to operation and
management. The capabilities and usability of computer simulation programs have much improved since
their early development in the 1960's and 1970's. From these early experimental days, building modelling
and simulation have evolved to such an extent that today they are in many situations a required step in the
design process, as well as securing a role in the energy certification processes resulting from legislative
initiatives to limit carbon emissions and energy demand from buildings.
As practitioner use of modelling and simulation tools has permeated the building design professions, the
organisers of Building Simulation 2009 felt that it was appropriate to provide a forum for interaction
between developers and users of performance simulation tools. For the first time, one day of the conference
was devoted to Applications, with papers and discussions focused on case studies, design process
development, vendor initiatives, and the needs of the industry.
An international Scientific Committee of 160 experts from the private sector, academia, and government
research communities was assembled to review abstracts and papers submitted to Building Simulation 2009.
Each abstract and each paper was reviewed by at least two members of the Scientific Committee in a doubleblind review process.
Over 300 papers were accepted by the Scientific Committee to be presented at Building Simulation 2009 and
appear in these proceedings. Papers submitted for the conference were sent in by authors from 41 countries,
reflecting the truly international nature of the conference. Accepted papers address the following topic areas:
Advances in building physics
Human aspects of the indoor environment
Building services
Commissioning and operation
Energy capture and conversion
Advances in applications
Validation and calibration
Software issues
Simulation in design practice
Regulation/code compliance
Application day case studies
IBPSA gratefully acknowledges the financial and other support of the Building Simulation 2009 sponsoring
organisations which are mentioned in these proceedings.
Lori McElroy, Organising Committee Chair
Paul Strachan, Organising Committee Co-Chair and Scientific Committee Chair
Nick Kelly, Scientific Committee Co-Chair
Scientific Executive Committee
Paul Strachan, ESRU, University of Strathclyde, UK – Chair
Nick Kelly, ESRU, University of Strathclyde, UK – Co-Chair
Godfried Augenbroe, Georgia Institute of Technology, United States
Ian Beausoleil-Morrison, Carleton University, Canada
Michael Donn Victoria University, New Zealand
Jan Hensen, TU/e, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Netherlands
Roberto Lamberts, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil
Jeffrey Spitler, Oklahoma State University, United States
Terry Williamson, University of Adelaide, Australia
Harunori Yoshida, Kyoto University, Japan
Yingxin Zhu, Tsinghua University, China
Scientific Committee
Marc Olivier Abadie Univ La Rochelle FRANCE
Minu Agarwal Buro Happold UNITED STATES
Don Alexander Cardiff University UNITED KINGDOM
Khaled Al-Sallal UAE University UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Philippe Andre University of Liège BELGIUM
Mahdavi Ardeshir Vienna University of Technology AUSTRIA
Athanasios Argiriou Patras University GREECE
Andreas Athienitis Concordia University CANADA
Constantinos Balaras NOA GREECE
Paul Bannister Exergy Australia Pty Ltd AUSTRALIA
Chip Barnaby Wrightsoft Corp UNITED STATES
Martin Bartak CTU in Prague CZECH REPUBLIC
Marco Beccali università di palermo - dept. DREAM ITALY
Michel Bernier Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal CANADA
Fabio Bisegna SAPIENZA University of Rome ITALY
Jeff Blake Natural Resources Canada CANADA
Milorad Bojic University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering at Kragujevac SERBIA
Denis Bourgeois Université Laval CANADA
Richard Buswell Loughborough University UNITED KINGDOM
Guedi Capeluto Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning-Technion ISRAEL
Joyce Carlo UFSC BRAZIL
Antonio Carrillo-Andres University of Malaga SPAIN
Pavel Charvat Brno University of Technology CZECH REPUBLIC
qingyan Chen Purdue University UNITED STATES
Tintai Chow City University HONG KONG
Stephane Citherlet University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland SWITZERLAND
Joe Clarke ESRU, Univ Strathclyde UNITED KINGDOM
Jeremy Cockroft ESRU, Univ Strathclyde UNITED KINGDOM
Drury Crawley U S Department of Energy UNITED STATES
Paul Cropper De Montfort University UNITED KINGDOM
Michael Crowley Dublin Institute of Technology IRELAND
Stanislav Darula Slovak Academy of Sciences SLOVAKIA
Michael Davies UCL UNITED KINGDOM
Pieter de Wilde Plymouth University UNITED KINGDOM
Larry Degelman Texas A&M University UNITED STATES
Bill Dempster Mech Eng, Univ Strathclyde UNITED KINGDOM
Jordan Denev Univ Karlsruhr GERMANY
Qi-Hong Deng Central South University, Hunan CHINA
Johan Desmedt Vito BELGIUM
Ery Djunaedy Arup SINGAPORE
Frantisek Drkal CTU in Prague CZECH REPUBLIC
Clemens Felsmann Univ of Dresden GERMANY
Alex Ferguson CETC, Natural Resources Canada CANADA
Dusan Fiala University of Stuttgart GERMANY
Alan Fung Ryerson University CANADA
Enedir Ghisi Federal University of Santa Catarina BRAZIL
Louis Gosselin Laval University CANADA
Karl Grau Danish Building Research Institute, Aalborg University DENMARK
Jeff Haberl Texas A&M UNITED STATES
Kamel Haddad CANMET Energy Technology Centre CANADA
Neveen Hamza Newcastle University UNITED KINGDOM
Victor Hanby De Montfort University UNITED KINGDOM
Jon Hand ESRU, Univ Strathclyde UNITED KINGDOM
Yukihiro Hashimoto Polytechnic University JAPAN
Dariusz Heim Technical University of Lodz POLAND
Per Heiselberg Aalborg University DENMARK
Hugo Hens KU Leuven BELGIUM
Jozef Hraska Slovak University of Technolog SLOVAKIA
Atsushi Iwamae Kinki University JAPAN
Milan Janak Slovak University of Technology SLOVAKIA
Soren Jensen Danish Technological Institute DENMARK
Yingchun Ji De Montfort University UNITED KINGDOM
Yi Jiang Tsinghua University CHINA
Christopher Jones EnerSave Analytics Inc. CANADA
Karel Kabele CTU in Prague CZECH REPUBLIC
Nick Kelly ESRU, Univ Strathclyde UNITED KINGDOM
Essam E. Khalil Cairo University EGYPT
Katarzyna Klemm Technical University of Lodz POLAND
Georgios Kokogiannakis ESRU, Univ Strathclyde UNITED KINGDOM
Hisashi Kotani Osaka University JAPAN
Mikkel Kragh Arup UNITED KINGDOM
Michaël Kummert ESRU, Univ Strathclyde UNITED KINGDOM
Milos Lain CTU in Prague CZECH REPUBLIC
Simon Lannon Welsh School of Architecture UNITED KINGDOM
Aziz Laouadi NRC CANADA
Xianting Li Tsinghua University CHINA
Marcel Loomans TU/e NETHERLANDS
Phylroy Lopez Natural Resources Canada CANADA
James Love University of Calgary CANADA
Iain Macdonald NRC CANADA
Heinrich Manz EMPA SWITZERLAND
John Mardaljevic DeMonfort University UNITED KINGDOM
Peter Matiasovsky Slovak Academy of Sciences SLOVAKIA
Timothy McDowell Thermal Energy System Specialists UNITED STATES
Lori McElroy Sust UNITED KINGDOM
Arjen Meijer Univ Delft NETHERLANDS
Nathan Mendes PUCPR BRAZIL
Jocelyn Millette LTE Hydro-Québec CANADA
Hyeun Jun Moon Dankook University KOREA
Sven Moosberger HSLU - Technik&Architektur, ZIG SWITZERLAND
Laurent Mora TREFLE - UMR CNRS, ENSAM FRANCE
Christoph Morbitzer Fulcrum SWEDEN
Monjur Mourshed Loughborough University UNITED KINGDOM
Dejan Mumovic UCL UNITED KINGDOM
Tatsuo Nagai Tokyo University of Science JAPAN
Piotr Narowski Warsaw University of Technology POLAND
Alberto Neto University of Sao Paulo BRAZIL
Joel Neymark J. Neymark & Associates UNITED STATES
Fergus Nicol London Metropolitan University UNITED KINGDOM
Jianlei Niu Hong Kong Polytechnic HONG KONG
Martin Ordenes UFSC BRAZIL
Jessen Page Arup UNITED KINGDOM
Elena Palomo del Barrio TREFLE-ENSAM FRANCE
Cheol-Soo Park SungKyunKwan University KOREA
Linda Pearce Russell and Yelland Architects AUSTRALIA
Leen Peeters KU Leuven BELGIUM
Bruno Peuportier Ecole des Mines de Paris FRANCE
Patrice Pinel Carleton University CANADA
Wim Plokker Vabi NETHERLANDS
Julia Purdy CETC-NRCan CANADA
Roman Rabenseifer Slovak University of Technology SLOVAKIA
Simon Rees De Montfort University UNITED KINGDOM
Christoph Reinhart Harvard University UNITED STATES
Peter Riederer CSTB FRANCE
Julian Rimmer E.H.Price Ltd CANADA
Darren Robinson Swiss Federal Institute of Technology SWITZERLAND
Carsten Rode DTU DENMARK
Aizaz Samuel ESRU, Univ Strathclyde UNITED KINGDOM
Yoshiyuki Shimoda Osaka University JAPAN
Veronica Soebarto University of Adelaide AUSTRALIA
Jelena Srebric The Penn State University UNITED STATES
Paul Strachan ESRU, Univ Strathclyde UNITED KINGDOM
Lukas Swan Dalhousie University CANADA
Dechao Tang Owens Corning CHINA
Jun Tanimoto Kyushu University JAPAN
Didier Thevenard Numerical Logics Inc. CANADA
Marija Todorovic University of Belgrade SERBIA
Paul Tuohy ESRU, Univ Strathclyde UNITED KINGDOM
Pekka Tuomaala VTT FINLAND
Mitsuhiro Udagawa Kogakuin University JAPAN
Chris Underwood Northumbria University UNITED KINGDOM
Yasuo Utsumi Miyagi National College of Technology JAPAN
Christoph van Treeck TU Munich, LS Bauinformatik GERMANY
Baolong Wang Tsinghua University CHINA
Michael Wetter Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory UNITED STATES
Jan Wienold Fraunhofer ISE GERMANY
Andrew Wright De Montfort University UNITED KINGDOM
Jonathan Wright Loughborough University UNITED KINGDOM
Etienne Wurtz University of La Rochelle FRANCE
Jianjun Xia Tsinghua University CHINA
Da Yan Tsinghua University CHINA
Xudong Yang Tsinghua University CHINA
Akashi Yasunori Kyushu University JAPAN
Bing Yu Royal Haskoning NETHERLANDS
John Zhai University of Colorado UNITED STATES
Tengfei (Tim) Zhang Dalian University of Technology (DUT) CHINA
Jianing Zhao Harbin University CHINA
Gerhard Zimmermann University of Kaiserslautern GERMANY
Radu Zmeureanu Concordia University CANADA
Gerhard Zweifel HSLU - Technik&Architektur, ZIG SWITZERLAND
Table of Contents
Technical Session Papers
Zero Carbon Housing
INVESTIGATING THE POTENTIAL FOR ACHIEVING LOW AND ZERO CARBON HOMES IN
THE UK USING AN INTERACTIVE CODE FOR SUSTAINABLE HOMES BASED TOOLKIT
Rajat Gupta; Smita Chandiwala
lll
USING EXISTING WHOLE BUILDING ENERGY TOOLS FOR DESIGNING NET-ZERO
ENERGY BUILDINGS – CHALLENGES AND WORKAROUNDS
Rohini Brahme; Zheng O’Neill; William Sisson; Kevin Otto
RIGHT SIZING AN OFF-GRID SOLAR HOUSE
Huafen Hu; Godfried Augenbroe
lll
lll
1
9
17
Low Carbon Heating, Cooling and Electricity
DYNAMIC SIMULATION OF A COMPLETE SOLAR ASSISTED CONDITIONING SYSTEM IN
AN OFFICE BUILDING USING TRNSYS
Sébastien Thomas; Philippe André
IMPLEMENTATION AND VALIDATION OF COMBUSTION ENGINE MICROCOGENERATION
ROUTINE FOR THE SIMULATION PROGRAM IDA-ICE
Kari Alanne; Niklas Söderholm; Kai Sirén
MODELLING SPACE HEATING SYSTEMS CONNECTED TO DISTRICT HEATING IN CASE OF
ELECTRIC POWER FAILURE
Patrick Lauenburg; Per-Olof Johansson; Janusz Wollerstrand
NUMERICAL MODELLING OF MULTIPLE STANDING COLUMN WELLS FOR HEATING AND
COOLING BUILDINGS
Bobo Mingsum Ng; Chris Underwood; Sara Walker
POTENTIAL FOR THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY ADVANCEMENT IN DISTRICT HEATING AND
COOLING PLANT BY RENOVATION
Yoshiyuki Shimoda; Yoshitaka Uno; Yoshie Togano; Ryo Sunagawa; Yutaka Shoji
lll
lll
lll
lll
lll
25
33
41
49
56
Modelling of Controllers
APPLICATION OF ANN (ARTIFICIAL-NEURAL-NETWORK) IN RESIDENTIAL THERMAL
CONTROL
Jin Woo Moon; Sung Kwon Jung; Jong-Jin Kim
REAL CONTROLLERS IN THE CONTEXT OF FULL-BUILDING, WHOLE-YEAR SIMULATION
Per Sahlin; Axel Bring; Lars Eriksson
SELF-CALIBRATION AND OPTIMAL CONTROL OF A DOUBLE-SKIN SYSTEM
Seong-Hwan Yoon; Cheol-Soo Park; Godfried Augenbroe; Deuk-Woo Kim
lll
lll
lll
64
72
80
EVALUATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF AIR-CONDITIONER ENERGY SAVING CONTROL
CONSIDERING INDOOR THERMAL COMFORT
Fulin Wang; Harunori Yoshida; Bo Li; Noriko Umemiya; Satoshi Hashimoto; Takaaki Matsuda; Hideo
Shinbayashi
lll
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF DETAILED BUILDING, PLANT AND CONTROLLER
MODELLING TO DEMONSTRATE INTERACTIVE BEHAVIOUR OF SYSTEM COMPONENTS
Jeremy Cockroft; David Kennedy; Martin O’Hara; Aizaz Samuel; Paul Strachan; Paul Tuohy
lll
88
96
Modelling Future Energy Demand
EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS IN HOTELS IN 2030
Simon Taylor; Thomas Achtmanis; Li Shao
ESTIMATION OF HEATING ENERGY USE OF EXISTING HOUSES IN A FUTURE CLIMATE:
2050 VS 2007
Radu Zmeureanu; Guillaume Renaud; Camille Julien; Jean Brau
MODELING THE GLOBAL WARMING EFFECT ON INDOOR TEMPERATURE PEAKS AND
COOLING SYSTEMS CONSUMPTION
Tímea Dénes-Béjat; Emmanuel Bozonnet; Isabelle Calmet
lll
lll
lll
104
112
117
Energy Demands
IMPACT OF ADOPTING THE TIME-OF-USE RATE PLANS ON THE ELECTRICITY COST IN
THE CANADIAN RESIDENTIAL SECTOR
Ali M. Syed
WHOLE BUILDING ENERGY SIMULATION AND ENERGY SAVING POTENTIAL ANALYSIS
OF A LARGE PUBLIC BUILDING
Yiqun Pan
THE INFLUENCE OF DESIGN DECISIONS ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND THERMAL
PERFORMANCE: THE CASE OF UFRN CAMPUS, BRAZIL
Raoni Venâncio; Aldomar Pedrini
SIMULATING ENERGY USE IN MULTI-FAMILY DWELLINGS WITH MEASURED, NON
CONSTANT HEAT GAINS FROM HOUSEHOLD ELECTRICITY
Dennis Johansson; Hans Bagge
DERIVING U.S. HOUSEHOLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION PROFILES FROM AMERICAN TIME
USE SURVEY DATA – A BOOTSTRAP APPROACH
Yun-Shang Chiou
lll
lll
lll
lll
lll
123
129
137
144
151
Optimisation
A GENETIC ALGORITHM FOR OPTIMIZATION OF BUILDING ENVELOPE AND HVAC
SYSTEM PARAMETERS
Matti Palonen; Ala Hasan; Kai Siren
APPLICATION MULTI-OBJECTIVE GENETIC ALGORITHM FOR OPTIMAL DESIGN METHOD
OF DISTRIBUTED ENERGY SYSTEM
Genku Kayo; Ryozo Ooka
lll
lll
159
167
COMBINATION OF OPTIMISATION ALGORITHMS FOR A MULTI-OBJECTIVE BUILDING
DESIGN PROBLEM
Mohamed Hamdy; Ala Hasan; Kai Siren
GENETIC OPTIMIZATION OF EXTERNAL SHADING DEVICES
Marco Manzan; Francesco Pinto
USE OF GENETIC ALGORITHMS FOR MULTICRITERIA OPTIMIZATION OF BUILDING
REFURBISHMENT
Fanny Pernodet; Hicham Lahmidi; Pierre Michel
lll
lll
lll
173
180
188
Software Focusing on the User
DAYLIGHT FACTOR SIMULATIONS: HOW CLOSE DO SIMULATION BEGINNERS 'REALLY'
GET?
Diego I. Ibarra; Christoph F. Reinhart
ARCHITECT FRIENDLY: A COMPARISON OF TEN DIFFERENT BUILDING PERFORMANCE
SIMULATION TOOLS
Shady Attia; Liliana Beltrán; André De Herde; Jan Hensen
BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION IN UNDERGRADUATE MULTIDISCIPLINARY
EDUCATION: LEARNING FROM AN ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING
COLLABORATION
Patrick P. Charles; Charles R. Thomas
lll
lll
lll
196
204
212
Indoor Air Flow and Natural Ventilation
SURVEY OF THE EXISTING APPROACHES TO ASSESS AND DESIGN NATURAL
VENTILATION AND NEED FOR FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS
Marcello Caciolo; Dominique Marchio; Pascal Stabat
O-ZONE: AUTOMATIC GENERATOR OF ZONAL MODEL DEDICATED TO DYNAMIC
SIMULATIONS OF AIR FLOWS AND HEAT TRANSFERS IN A ROOM
Sihem Tasca-Guernouti; Marjorie Musy; Gérard Hégron
CURRENT AND LIKELY FUTURE PERFORMANCE OF ADVANCED NATURAL
VENTILATION
Yingchun Ji; Kevin J. Lomas
HIGH-PERFORMACNE AND LOW-COST COMPUTING FOR INDOOR AIRFLOW
Wangda Zuo; Qingyan Chen
STUDY ON ENERGY MODELING METHODS OF ATRIUM BUILDINGS
Yiqun Pan
lll
lll
lll
lll
lll
220
228
236
244
250
Glazing and Lighting
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF PV VENTILATED GLAZING
Tin-tai Chow; Zhongzhu Qiu; Chunying Li
APPLICATIONS OF IMAGE BASED RENDERING IN LIGHTING SIMULATION:
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF IMAGE BASED SKY MODELS
Mehlika Inanici
lll
lll
258
264
COMPUTATIONAL SIMULATIONS FOR PREDICTING VERTICAL DAYLIGHT LEVELS IN
ATRIUM BUILDINGS
Jiangtao Du; Steve Sharples
PRACTICAL METHOD TO MODEL TREES FOR DAYLIGHTING SIMULATION USING
HEMISPHERICAL PHOTOGRAPHY
Khaled A. Al-Sallal
IMPACT OF WINDOW DESIGN VARIANTS ON LIGHTING AND COOLING LOADS: CLUES
FOR REVISITING LOCAL BUILDING REGULATIONS
Sanyogita Manu; Rajan Rawal
lll
lll
lll
272
280
286
Residential Demands
STUDY ON SIMULATION MODELLING STRATEGY FOR PREDICTING THERMAL ENERGY
DEMAND PROFILES OF RESIDENTIAL COMPLEX
Minhwan Kim; Insoo Yook; Dongho Kim; Laehyun Kim; Jaemin Kim
ON PREDICTING THE MAGNITUDE AND TEMPORAL VARIATION OF COOLING LOADS IN
DETACHED RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
Ian Beausoleil-Morrison
THE EFFECTIVENES OF INTRODUCING EFFECTIVE ENERGY SAVINGS MEASURES FOR
HOUSEHOLDS IN JAPAN’S RESIDENTIAL SECTOR
Tomo Okamura; Yoshiyuki Shimoda; Yohei Yamaguchi; Yukio Yamaguchi
lll
lll
lll
294
300
308
Heat and Moisture Modelling
EXTERNAL COUPLING BETWEEN BES AND HAM PROGRAMS FOR WHOLE-BUILDING
SIMULATION
Daniel Cóstola; Bert Blocken; Jan Hensen
APPLICATION OF EXTERNALLY-COUPLED BES-CFD IN HAM ENGINEERING OF THE
INDOOR ENVIRONMENT
Mohammad Mirsadeghi; Bert Blocken; Jan Hensen
AN ONSET TO WHOLE BUILDING HYGROTHERMAL MODELLING UNDER WIND-DRIVEN
RAIN LOADS
Masaru Abuku; Hans Janssen; Staf Roels
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF HEAT AND MOISTURE TRANSFER IN HISTORICAL CERAMIC
MASONRY WALL
Dariusz Heim; Sebastian Krawczynski; John Grunewald
COMMON EXERCISES IN WHOLE BUILDING HAM MODELLING
Carsten Rode; Monika Woloszyn
lll
lll
lll
lll
lll
316
324
332
340
346
Performance Analysis
MODELLING OF HYDRAULIC CIRCUITS FOR DIFFERENT HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS IN LOW
ENERGY BUILDING
Joachim Seifert
lll
354
MODELING AND EXPERIMENT ANALYSIS OF VARIABLE REFRIGERANT FLOW AIRCONDITIONING SYSTEMS
Xuhui Wang; Jianjun Xia; Xiaoliang Zhang; Sumio Shiochi; Chen Peng; Yi Jiang
SIMULATION OF PASSIVE DOWN-DRAUGHT EVAPORATIVE COOLING (PDEC) SYSTEMS
IN ENERGYPLUS
Daeho Kang; Richard K. Strand
MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR IMPROVING THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF A GROUND
COUPLED HVAC SYSTEM
N. Pardo; Á. Montero; A. Sala; J. Martos; J.F. Urchueguía
PERFORMANCE PREDICTION ON THE FINNED-TUBE DRY COOLER IN WINTER PERIOD
Bing Yu; Xichun Wang; Peter Luscuere
lll
lll
lll
lll
361
369
377
385
Cooling and Phase Change
A REVISED RADIANT TIME SERIES (RTS) METHOD FOR INTERMITTENT COOLING LOAD
CALCULATION
Mingxian Cui; Tingyao Chen
NUMERICAL METHOD FOR CALCULATING LATENT HEAT STORAGE IN CONSTRUCTIONS
CONTAINING PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL
Jorgen Rose; Andreas Lahme; Niels Uhre Christensen; Per Heiselberg; Magne Hansen; Karl Grau
NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE THICKNESS AND MELTING POINT ON
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS: APPLICATION TO THE
RENOVATION OF A LOW INERTIA SCHOOL
Joseph Virgone; Jean Noël; Raymond Reisdorf
lll
lll
lll
392
400
408
Modelling Prerequisites and Simple Models
PRECONDITIONS FOR THE USE OF SIMULATION IN M&E ENGINEERING
P. de Wilde; D. Prickett
A SIMPLE CHILLER MODEL FOR HOURLY TIME STEP APPLICATIONS
Gerhard Zweifel
SIMPLE, FULLY FEATURED BOILER LOOP MODELLING
Erica Kenna; Paul Bannister
A TWO-NODE HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER NETWORK MODEL FOR LONG-TERM
SIMULATION OF VOID SPACE OF HIGH-RISE APARTMENT HOUSES EQUIPPED WITH GASFIRED BOILERS
Tatsuo Nagai; Takashi Kurabuchi
COMBINING DIFFERENT LEVELS OF DETAIL IN MODELLING FOR AN IMPROVED
PRECISION OF HVAC PLANT SIMULATION
Manuel Ljubijanki; Christoph Nytsch-Geusen
lll
lll
lll
lll
lll
414
420
428
434
442
CFD
SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF PREDICTED CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER AT INTERNAL
BUILDING SURFACES TO DIFFUSER MODELLING IN CFD
Kim Goethals; Arnold Janssens
RESULTS FROM A CFD REFERENCE STUDY INTO THE MODELLING OF HEAT AND SMOKE
TRANSPORT BY DIFFERENT CFD-PRACTITIONERS
Marcel Loomans; Tony Lemaire; Mirjam van der Plas
A PROTOTYPE MESH GENERATION TOOL DEVELOPMENT FOR CFD SIMULATIONS IN
ARCHITECTURE DOMAIN
Rui Zhang; Yongjie Zhang; Khee Poh Lam; David H. Archer
BUILDING SIMULATION OF THERMAL ENVIRONMENT USING RESPONSE FACTOR
ANALYSED BY THREE-DIMENSIONAL CFD FACTOR
Kyosuke Hiyama; Yoshihiro Ishida; Shinsuke Kato
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF COLD AIR JET ATTACHMENT TO NON ADIABATIC WALLS
Nikola Mirkov; Zana Stevanovic; Zarko Stevanovic
lll
lll
lll
lll
lll
450
458
466
474
481
Climate and Microclimate
APPLICATION OF CFD IN BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION FOR THE OUTDOOR
ENVIRONMENT
Bert Blocken; Ted Stathopoulos; Jan Carmeliet; Jan Hensen
ASSESSING THE ERROR FROM FAILURE TO ACCOUNT FOR URBAN MICROCLIMATE IN
COMPUTER SIMULATION OF BUILDING ENERGY PERFORMANCE
T. J. Williamson; Evyatar Erell; Veronica Soebarto
MULTISCALE MODELLING OF URBAN CLIMATE
Adil Rasheed; Darren Robinson
ON SELECTING WEATHER DATA SETS TO ESTIMATE A BUILDING DESIGN’S
ROBUSTNESS TO CLIMATE VARIATIONS
Christian Struck; Pieter de Wilde; Janneke Evers; Jan Hensen; Wim Plokker
lll
lll
lll
lll
489
497
505
513
Occupant Data Collection and Behavioural Modelling
TOTAL UTILITY DEMAND PREDICTION BASED ON PROBABILISTICALLY GENERATED
BEHAVIROAL SCHEDULES OF ACTURAL INHABITANTS
Jun Tanimoto; Aya Hagishima
A COMPREHENSIVE STOCHASTIC MODEL OF BLIND USAGE: THEORY AND VALIDATION
Frédéric Haldi; Darren Robinson
TOWARD EMPIRICALLY-BASED MODELS OF PEOPLE'S PRESENCE AND ACTIONS IN
BUILDINGS
Ardeshir Mahdavi; Claus Pröglhöf
A COMPREHENSIVE STOCHASTIC MODEL OF WINDOW USAGE: THEORY AND
VALIDATION
Frédéric Haldi; Darren Robinson
lll
lll
lll
lll
521
529
537
545
Issues in Compliance
UK BUILDING ENERGY CALCULATION SOFTWARE APPROVAL SCHEME
Michael Chin Nam Lim
AN ANALYSIS OF RESULTS VARIABILITY IN ENERGY PERFORMANCE COMPLIANCE
VERIFICATION TOOLS
Rokia Raslan; Michael Davies; Nick Doylend
ASSET RATING: DISAGREEMENT BETWEEN THE RESULTS OBTAINED FROM SOFTWARE
FOR ENERGY CERTIFICATION
Angelo Milone; Daniele Milone; Salvatore Pitruzzella
METHODOLOGY TO ENHANCE THE PORTUGUESE THERMAL REGULATION ACCURACY
FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS
Pedro Silva
COMPARISON OF STANDARD AND CASE-BASED USER PROFILES IN BUILDING’S
ENERGY PERFORMANCE SIMULATION
Sergio Cantos Gaceo; Félix Iglesias Vázquez; Jordina Vidal Moreno
lll
lll
lll
lll
lll
553
561
569
576
584
Heat Pumps and Ground Heat Exchange
COMPARISON OF A GROUND-COUPLING REFERENCE STANDARD MODEL TO SIMPLIFIED
APPROACHES
Timothy P. McDowell; Jeff W. Thornton; Matthew J. Duffy
SEASONAL STORAGE OF SOLAR ENERGY IN BOREHOLE HEAT EXCHANGERS
Simon Chapuis; Michel Bernier
SIMULATION OF A DOMESTIC GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP SYSTEM USING A
TRANSIENT NUMERICAL BORSEHOLE HEAT EXCHANGER MODEL
Miaomiao He; Simon Rees; Li Shao
USE OF RESPONSE FACTOR METHOD TO MODEL EARTH-TO-AIR HEAT EXCHANGER
BEHAVIOUR: INTEGRATION IN A WHOLE BUILDING SIMULATION INTO SIMSPARK
PLATFORM
Pierre Tittelein; Etienne Wurtz; Gilbert Achard
INFLUENCE OF GROUND HEAT EXCHANGER MODELLING ON THE PREDICTED
EFFICIENCY OF THE HEAT PUMP SYSTEM
Wojciech Kozak; Joachim Seifert; Wolfgang Richter
lll
lll
lll
lll
lll
591
599
607
615
623
Software Environments and Paradigms
METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING REUSABLE SCHEDULER CLASSES APPLICABLE FOR
LONG TERM BUILDING ENERGY SIMULATION
Eisuke Togashi; Shin-ichi Tanabe
BUILDING ENERGY SIMULATION AND OBJECT-ORIENTED MODELLING: REVIEW AND
REFLECTIONS UPON ACHIEVED RESULTS AND FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS
Livio Mazzarella; Martina Pasini
lll
lll
631
638
COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS IN AN EQUATION-BASED MODELING
ENVIRONMENT
Jason Brown
A MODELICA-BASED MODEL LIBRARY FOR BUILDING ENERGY AND CONTROL
SYSTEMS
Michael Wetter
lll
lll
646
652
Demand Modelling and Optimisation
ANALYZING THE ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF PERMUTATIONS OF ENERGY-SAVING
MEASURES WITH BATCH SIMULATIONS AND PARETO OPTIMIZATION
Kristien Achten; Roel De Coninck; Griet Verbeeck; Jeroen Van der Veken
OPTIMISATION OF URBAN ENERGY DEMAND USING AN EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHM
Jérôme Henri Kämpf; Darren Robinson
IMPACT OF INSULATION ON BUILDING ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Jong-Jin Kim; Jin Woo Moon
IMPACT OF GREY WATER HEAT RECOVERY ON THE ELECTRICAL DEMAND OF
DOMESTIC HOT WATER HEATERS
Parham Eslami-nejad; Michel Bernier
lll
lll
lll
lll
660
668
674
681
Modelling of Heat Transfer Processes
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A VERSATILE METHOD FOR THE CALCULATION
OF HEAT TRANSFER IN WATER-BASED RADIANT SYSTEMSq
Massimiliano Scarpa; Karl Grau; Bjarne W. Olesen
ENERGY MODELLING OF ETFE MEMBRANES IN BUILDING APPLICATIONS
Harris Poirazis; Mikkel Kragh; Charlie Hogg
A FUNDAMENTAL APPROACH TO COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS FOR UFADS AND
STRATIFIED SPACES
Curtis O. Pedersen
APPROXIMATE ANALYTICAL SOLUTION FOR THE HEAT TRANSFER IN PACKED BEDS
FOR SOLAR THERMAL STORAGE IN BUILDING SIMULATORS
F. R. Villatoro; J. Pérez; F. Domínguez-Muñoz; J. M. Cejudo-López
ENERGY CAPTURE USING URBAN SURFACE WATER: MODELLING AND IN-SITU
MEASUREMENTS
Evelyn Aparicio Medrano; Kees Wisse; Rob Uittenbogaard
lll
lll
lll
lll
lll
688
696
704
709
716
Advanced Systems Modelling
AN IMPLEMENTATION OF CO-SIMULATION FOR PERFORMANCE PREDICTION OF
INNOVATIVE INTEGRATED HVAC SYSTEMS IN BUILDINGS
Marija Trcka; Michael Wetter; Jan L.M. Hensen
COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT APPROACHES FOR THE SIMULATION OF BOILERS USING
OIL, GAS, PELLETS OR WOOD CHIPS
Michel Haller; Lars Konersmann; Robert Haberl; Angela Dröscher; Elimar Frank
lll
lll
724
732
COMPUTER SIMULATION FOR BETTER DESIGN AND OPERATION OF LARGE OFFICE
BUILDING AIR-CONDITIONING
Milos Lain; Jan Hensen; Vladimir Zmrhal
DYNAMIC MODELLING OF SHIP ENVIRONMENTS WITH ESP-R
Andrew Pennycott; Aizaz Samuel
DYNAMIC TEST METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE GLOBAL SEASONAL
PERFORMANCE FACTOR OF HEAT PUMPS USED FOR HEATING, COOLING AND
DOMESTIC HOT WATER PREPARATION
P. Riederer; V. Partenay; O. Raguideau
lll
lll
lll
740
746
752
Simulation Assisted Control and Control Strategy Development
RECENT ADVANCES IN SIMULATION-POWERED BUILDING SYSTEMS CONTROL
Ardeshir Mahdavi; Mathias Schuss; Georg Suter; Susanne Metzger; Sergio Camara; Sokol Dervishi
CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR MANAGING ENERGY IN A BUILDING MOCK-UP
Julien Eynard; Benjamin Paris; Stéphane Grieu; Thierry Talbert; Frédérik Thiery
KEY FACTORS: METHODOLOGY FOR ENHANCEMENT AND SUPPORT OF BUILDING
ENERGY PERFORMANCE
Andrea Costa; Marcus Keane; Paul Raftery; James O’Donnell
A SIMULATION-SUPPORTED CONTROL SCHEME FOR NATURAL VENTILATION IN
BUILDINGS
Ardeshir Mahdavi; Kristina Orehounig; Claus Pröglhöf
lll
lll
lll
lll
760
767
775
783
Photovoltaics and Solar Thermal
A SIMPLE MODEL OF DOMESTIC PV SYSTEMS AND THEIR INTEGRATION WITH
BUILDING LOADS
Steven K. Firth; Richard A. Buswell; Kevin J. Lomas
DEVELOPMENT OF AN AIR-BASED OPEN LOOP BUILDING-INTEGRATED
PHOTOVOLTAIC/THERMAL SYSTEM MODEL
Luis Candanedo; William O'Brien; Andreas Athienitis
A COMPARATIVE SIMULATION STUDY OF SOLAR FLAT-PLATE COLLECTORS DIRECTLY
AND INDIRECTLY INTEGRATED INTO THE BUILDING ENVELOPE
J. Metzger; T. Matuska; H. Schranzhofer
DESIGN METHODOLOGY FOR OPTIMIZATION OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION AND
DAYLIGHT UTILIZATION FOR FAÇADE WITH SEMITRANSPARENT PHOTOVOLTAICS
Leanne Robinson; Andreas Athienitis
lll
lll
lll
lll
789
797
805
811
Buffering and Materials
ON MODELLING MOISTURE BUFFERING WHEN EVALUATING HUMIDITY CONTROLLED
HVAC SYSTEMS
Marijke Steeman; Kim Goethals; Jelle Laverge; Arnold Janssens; Michel De Paepe
QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF INTERIOR MOISTURE BUFFERING
Hans Janssen
lll
lll
819
827
IN SITU DETERMINATION OF THE MOISTURE BUFFERING POTENTIAL OF ROOM
ENCLOSURES
Evy Vereecken; Staf Roels; Hans Janssen
STUDY OF THE TRANSIENT BEHAVIOUR OF A HEMP CONCRETE BUILDING ENVELOPE
A. D. Tran Le; C. Maalouf; T. H. Mai; E. Wurtz
lll
lll
835
843
Compliance Exemplars
DEVELOPMENT OF A WEB-BASED, CODE-COMPLIANT 2001 IECC RESIDENTIAL
SIMULATOR FOR TEXAS
Jeff Haberl; Charles Culp; Bahman Yazdani
EVALUATION OF A PRESCRIPTIVE VENTILATION STANDARD WITH REGARD TO 3
DIFFERENT PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
Jelle Laverge; Arnold Janssens
DEVELOPMENT OF A WEB-BASED, CODE-COMPLIANT ASHRAE 90.1-1999 COMMERCIAL
SIMULATION FOR TEXAS
Jeff Haberl; Charles Culp; Bahman Yazdani
INTEGRATED CALCULATIONS OF THERMAL BEHAVIOUR OF BUILDINGS AND
PROCESSES IN AHU - THE TOOL FOR ASSESSMENT OF ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF
COMPLEX BUILDINGS
Maciej Mijakowski; Piotr Narowski; Jerzy Sowa
THE APPLICATION OF SIMULATION IN THE PREDICTION AND ACHIEVEMENT OF
ABSOLUTE BUILDING ENERGY PERFORMANCE
Paul Bannister
lll
lll
lll
lll
lll
851
859
867
875
883
Validation
VALIDATION OF THE INDOOR EXPOSURE MODEL FOR DWELLING LIFE CYCLE
ASSESSMENT
Arjen Meijer
THREE CASE STUDIES USING BUILDING SIMULATION TO PREDICT ENERGY
PERFORMANCE OF AUSTRALIAN OFFICE BUILDINGS
Aileen Marie Egan
AUTOMATICALLY CALIBRATING A PROBABILISTIC GRAPHICAL MODEL OF BUILDING
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Daniel Tarlow; Andrew Peterman; Benedict R. Schwegler; Christopher Trigg
VALIDATION OF THE ZONAL METHOD FOR THE CASE OF ISOTHERMAL AIRFLOW IN A
RECTANGULAR CAVITY
Tiago Czelusniak; Kátia Cordeiro Mendonça; Marc Olivier Abadie
lll
lll
lll
lll
890
896
904
912
Glazing, Solar Processes and Glare
GEOMETRIC OPTIMIZATION OF FENESTRATION
Jonathan Wright
lll
920
IMPLEMENTATION AND APPLICATION OF A NEW BI-DIRECTIONAL SOLAR MODELLING
METHOD FOR COMPLEX FACADES WITHIN THE ESP-R BUILDING SIMULATION
PROGRAM
Francesco Frontini; Tilmann E. Kuhn; Sebastian Herkel; Paul Strachan; Georgios Kokogiannakis
lll
GOAL-BASED DAYLIGHTING DESIGN USING AN INTERACTIVE SIMULATION METHOD
Jaime Lee; Marilyne Andersen; Yu Sheng; Barbara Cutler
lll
DYNAMIC DAYLIGHT GLARE EVALUATION
Jan Wienold
lll
928
936
944
Shading and Facades
ACTIVE SOLAR SHADING
Dennis Johansson
lll
CALIBRATION OF MODELS WITH MICROSHADE
Soren Ostergaard Jensen
lll
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF STATIC VS. DYNAMIC CONTROLS OF DOUBLE-SKIN SYSTEMS
Seong-Hwan Yoon; Cheol-Soo Park; Joon-Woo Lee
lll
MODELING FENESTRATION WITH SHADING DEVICES IN BUILDING ENERGY
SIMULATION: A PRACTICAL APPROACH
Bartosz A. Lomanowski; John L. Wright
lll
METHOD FOR EVALUATING EXTERNAL SHADING DEVICE INFLUENCES ON ZONE GAINS
BY ENERGYPLUS SIMULATION PROGRAMME
Neslihan Türkmenoglu Bayraktar; Vildan Ok
lll
952
960
968
976
984
Uncertainty … or is it?
COMPARISON OF SAMPLING TECHNIQUES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF MONTECARLO
BASED SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS
Iain A. Macdonald
IMPACTS OF ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN CHOICES ON BUILDING ENERGY PERFORMANCE
APPLICATIONS OF UNCERTAINTY AND SENSITIVITY TECHNIQUES
Alfonso Capozzoli; Houcem eddine Mechri; Vincenzo Corrado
UNCERTAINTY IN THE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF INSULATION MATERIALS
F. Domínguez-Muñoz; B. Anderson; J. M. Cejudo-López; A. Carrillo-Andrés
APPLICATION OF PARTIAL SAFETY FACTORS IN BUILDING ENERGY PERFORMANCE
ASSESSMENT
H. Brohus; P. Heiselberg; A. Hesselholt; H. Rasmussen
UNCERTAINTY OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION ASSESSMENT OF DOMESTIC BUILDINGS
H. Brohus; P. Heiselberg; A. Simonsen, K. C. Sorensen
lll
lll
lll
lll
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992
1000
1008
1014
1022
Modelling Air Flow
A NEW UNDER-AISLE DISPLACEMENT AIR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM FOR WIDE-BODY
AIRCRAFT CABINS
Shi Yin; Tengfei Zhang
INTEGRATION OF NATURAL VENTILATION MODELS IN THE HYGROTHERMAL AND
ENERGY SIMULATION PROGRAM POWERDOMUS
Roberto Z. Freire; Marc O. Abadie; Nathan Mendes
NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF A CEILING HEIGHT FOR DISPLACEMENT
VENTILATION
Yukihiro Hashimoto; Hiroko Yoneda
PERFORMANCE OF MIXED-MODE COOLING STRATEGIES FOR OFFICE BUILDINGS IN
ARID CLIMATES
Sherif Ezzeldin; Simon Rees; Malcolm Cook
lll
lll
lll
lll
1030
1037
1045
1053
Stock Modelling
A GIS-BASED BOTTOM-UP SPACE HEATING DEMAND MODEL OF THE LONDON
DOMESTIC STOCK
A. Mavrogianni; M. Davies; M. Kolokotroni; I. Hamilton
ENERGY MODELLING OF CITY HOUSING STOCK AND ITS TEMPORAL EVOLUTION
Natalia Filchakova; Urs Wilke; Darren Robinson
A FRAMEWORK FOR COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BELGRADE HOUSING STOCK:
DETERMINANTS OF CARBON REDUCTION STRATEGY
Miroslava Kavgic; Dejan Mumovic; Mike Davies; Zarko Stevanovic; Maja Djurovic-Petrovic
CITYSIM: COMPREHENSIVE MICRO-SIMULATION OF RESOURCE FLOWS FOR
SUSTAINABLE URBAN PLANNING
Darren Robinson; F. Haldi; J. Kämpf; P. Leroux; D. Perez; A. Rasheed; U. Wilke
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lll
lll
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1061
1068
1075
1083
IEA Validation
WHAT DID THEY DO IN IEA 34/43? OR HOW TO DIAGNOSE AND REPAIR BUGS IN 500,000
LINES OF CODE
Ron Judkoff; Joel Neymark
IEA BESTEST IN-DEPTH DIAGNOSTIC CASES FOR GROUND COUPLED HEAT TRANSFER
RELATED TO SLAB-ON-GRADE CONSTRUCTION
J. Neymark; R. Judkoff; I. Beausoleil-Morrison; A. Ben-Nakhi; M. Crowley; M. Deru; R. Henninger; H.
Ribberink; J. Thornton; A. Wijsman; M. Witte
AN EMPIRICAL VALIDATION OF BUILDING SIMULATION SOFTWARE FOR MODELLING
OF DOUBLE-SKIN FACADE (DSF)
Olena Kalyanova; Per Heiselberg; Clemens Felsmann; Harris Poirazis; Paul Strachan; Aad Wijsman
TESTING AND VALIDATION OF SIMULATION TOOLS OF HVAC MECHANICAL
EQUIPMENT INCLUDING THEIR CONTROL STRATEGIES PART II: VALIDATION OF
COOLING AND HEATING COIL MODELS
Clemens Felsmann; Jean Lebrun; Vincent Lemort; Aad Wijsman
lll
lll
lll
lll
1091
1099
1107
1115
TESTING AND VALIDATION OF SIMULATION TOOLS OF HVAC MECHANICAL
EQUIPMENT INCLUDING THEIR CONTROL STRATEGIES PART III: VALIDATION OF AN
AIR-COOLED CHILLER MODEL
Vincent Lemort; Jean Lebrun; Clemens Felsmann
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1121
Comfort and Health
ENERGY CONSERVATION VS HEALTH: THE AIR QUALITY PICTURE
Aizaz Samuel
PRODUCTIVITY AND SICK LEAVE INTEGRATED INTO BUILDING PERFORMANCE
SIMULATION
Wim Plokker; Aad Wijsman
IMPACT OF OCCUPANT BEHAVIOUR ON LIGHTING ENERGY USE
Wout Parys; Dirk Saelens; Hugo Hens
ANNUAL SIMULATION OF IN-DUCT ULTRAVIOLET GERMICIDAL IRRADIATION SYSTEM
PERFORMANCE
William Bahnfleth
LIFE-CYCLE COST SIMULATION OF IN-DUCT ULTRAVIOLET GERMICIDAL IRRADIATION
SYSTEMS
Bruno Lee
lll
lll
lll
lll
lll
1129
1135
1143
1151
1159
Performance Assessment Comparisons
COMPARISON OF ENERGY PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT BETWEEN LEED, BREEAM AND
GREEN STAR
Ya Roderick; David McEwan; Craig Wheatley; Carlos Alonso
A COMPARISON OF THE UK STANDARD ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE (SAP) AND
DETAILED SIMULATION OF BUILDING-INTEGRATED RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS
G. B. Murphy
lll
lll
1167
1177
Performance Assessment Tools and Analysis
BEHAVIOURAL COMPARISON OF SOME PREDICTIVE TOOLS USED IN A LOW-ENERGY
BUILDING
Adrien Brun; Clara Spitz; Etienne Wurtz; Laurent Mora
BUILDING SIMULATION AS AN ASSISTING TOOL IN DESIGNING AN ENERGY EFFICIENT
BUILDING: A CASE STUDY
Michael Pollock; Ya Roderick; David McEwan; Craig Wheatley
lll
lll
1185
1191
Tool Calibration
CALIBRATION OF A DETAILED SIMULATION MODEL TO ENERGY MONITORING SYSTEM
DATA: A METHODOLOGY AND CASE STUDY
Paul Raftery; Marcus Keane; Andrea Costa
POST OCCUPANCY CALIBRATION AND REASSESSMENT OF DESIGN PHASE ENERGY
MODELING
David E. Bradley; D. Michael Utzinger
lll
lll
1199
1207
Simulation within the Design Process
INTEGRATING ENERGY SIMULATION INTO THE DESIGN PROCESS OF HIGH
PERFORMANCE BUILDINGS: A CASE STUDY OF THE ALDO LEOPOLD LEGACY CENTER
D. Michael Utzinger; David E. Bradley
SIMULATION OF A MULTI-FAMILY BUILDING IN MADRID, SPAIN
Francesc Bonvehí; Mónica Bobrovsky; Sergi Cantos; Marco Massetti
lll
lll
1214
1222
CFD and Air Flow in Design Practice
CFD ANALYSIS OF NATURAL VENTILATION IN LARGE SEMI-ENCLOSED BUILDINGS –
CASE STUDY: AMSTERDAM ARENA FOOTBALL STADIUM
Twan van Hooff; Bert Blocken
DYNAMIC THERMAL MODELLING AND PHYSICAL WIND TUNNEL TESTING: AN
IMPORTANT PARTNERSHIP FOR BUILDING SIMULATION 2009 CONFERENCE
Catherine Simpson; Michael Whalley
lll
lll
1228
1236
Design Process and Data Quality Assurance
IMPROVING COMMUNICATION IN BUILDING SIMULATION SUPPORTED PROJECTS
L. Prazeres; J. Kim; J. Hand
MODELLING AN EXISTING BUILDING IN DESIGNBUILDER/ENERGYPLUS: CUSTOM
VERSUS DEFAULT INPUTS
Holly A. Wasilowski; Christoph F. Reinhart
lll
lll
1244
1252
Lighting and Daylighting
LIGHTING POWERS IN SHOPS AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF A
SHOPPING MALL
Sofia Stensson; Monica Axell; Per Fahlén; Jörgen Eriksson; Simon Roos
DEVELOPMENT OF SUPPORT TOOL FOR THERMAL AND LUMINOUS ENVIRONMENTAL
DESIGN IN OUTDOOR AND SEMI-OUTDOOR LIVING SPACE USING NUMERICAL
ANALYSIS
Kazuaki Nakaohkubo; Akira Hoyano
lll
lll
1260
1268
Dealing with Climate Change
MODELLING CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION MEASURES TO REDUCE OVERHEATING
RISK IN EXISTING DWELLINGS
Rachel Capon; Jake Hacker
FIRST EXPERIENCES USING CLIMATE SCENARIOS FOR THE NETHERLANDS IN BUILDING
PERFORMANCE SIMULATION
Wim Plokker; Janneke Evers; Christiaan Struck; Aad Wijsman; Jan Hensen
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lll
1276
1284
Design Case Studies 2
DEVELOPMENT OF A THERMALLY ROBUST SCHOOL OUTLINE DESIGN FOR THE
DIFFERENT CLIMATE REGIONS OF TURKIYE
Gülsu Ulukavak Harputlugil; Pieter de Wilde; Jan Hensen; Gülser Çelebi
THERMAL ANALYSIS OF A DATA CENTRE COOLING SYSTEM UNDER FAULT
CONDITIONS
Michaël Kummert; William Dempster; Ken McLean
lll
lll
1292
1299
Simulation and the User
THE ARCHITECT AS PERFORMER OF ENERGY SIMULATION IN THE EARLY DESIGN
STAGE
Suhas Bambardekar; Ute Poerschke
SIMULATION IN THE SERVICE OF DESIGN: ASKING THE RIGHT QUESTIONS
Michael Donn; Steve Selkowitz; Bill Bordass
lll
lll
1306
1314
Design Case Sudies 1
VENTILATION OPERATION IN HOSPITAL ISOLATION ROOM: A MULTI-CRITERION
ASSESSMENT CONSIDERING ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
Sean Hay Kim; Godfried Augenbroe
DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGH-PERFORMANCE OFFICE BUILDING SIMULATION MODEL FOR
A HOT AND HUMID CLIMATE
Soolyeon Cho; Jeff S. Haberl
lll
lll
1322
1330
Environmental Impact and LZC Assessment
EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF BUILDINGS WITH LESOSAI 6
Didier Favre; Stéphane Citherlet
A METHODOLOGY AND TOOLKIT FOR THE ASSESSMENT AND SELECTION OF LZC
TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BUILDING DESIGN PROCESS
Yaseen Waseem; Nick Kelly; Tom Scanlon; Neil Hall
lll
lll
1338
1344
Modelling
COUPLING OUTER-BODY AIRFLOW AND INNER-BODY THERMOREGULATION MODELS
TO PREDICT THERMAL COMFORT IN NONUNIFORM ENVIRONMENTS
Gao Naiping; Niu Jianlei; Zhang Hui
HEAT AND MOISTURE TRANSFER THROUGH CLOTHING
Conrad Voelker; Sabine Hoffmann; Oliver Kornadt; Edward Arens; Hui Zhang; Charlie Huizenga
SIMULATING THE EFFECT OF COMPLEX INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON
HUMAN THERMAL COMFORT
Paul C. Cropper; Tong Yang; Malcolm J. Cook; Dusan Fiala; Rehan Yousaf
MODEL-ADAPTIVE ANALYSIS OF INDOOR THERMAL COMFORT
Christoph van Treeck; Jérôme Frisch; Martin Egger; Ernst Rank
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lll
lll
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1352
1360
1367
1374
Tools, Databases and Interfaces
PARALLEL: ENERGYPLUS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS TOOL
Yi Zhang
LIVE ENERGY TRNSYS: TRNSYS SIMULATION WITHIN GOOGLE SKETCHUP
Malcolm C. Murray; Neil Finlayson; Michaël Kummert; John Macbeth
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SOLAR HOUSE DESIGN TOOL
William O'Brien; Andreas Athienitis; Ted Kesik
THE PROVENANCES OF YOUR SIMULATION DATA
Michael Donn; Drury Crawley; Jon Hand; Andrew Marsh
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lll
lll
lll
1382
1389
1397
1405
Tools and Techniques
DEVELOPMENT OF A SIMULATOR FOR THE URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL LOAD
PREDICTION USING SYSTEM DYNAMICS
Tomohiro Takai; Toshiyuki Watanabe; Yasunori Akashi; Masato Miyata; Tadahide Sugita; Ayu Terachi
THE IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL BUILDING STOCK
CHARACTERISTICS USING MAP BASED DATA
D. K. Alexander; S. Lannon; O. Linovski
IMPLEMENTATION OF A CANADIAN RESIDENTIAL ENERGY END-USE MODEL FOR
ASSESSING NEW TECHNOLOGY IMPACTS
Lukas Swan; V. Ismet Ugursal; Ian Beasuoleil-Morrison
DEVELOPMENT OF A FUNCTIONALITY GENERATING SIMULATIONS OF COMMERCIAL
AND INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS HAVING REPRESENTATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF A
REAL ESTATE STOCK IN QUÉBEC (CANADA)
Simon Sansregret; Jocelyn Millette
lll
lll
lll
lll
1413
1421
1429
1437
Occupant Data Collection and Modelling 2
SENSOR-BASED OCCUPANCY BEHAVIORAL PATTERN RECOGNITION FOR ENERGY AND
COMFORT MANAGEMENT IN INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS
Bing Dong; Burton Andrews
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1444
OCCUPANCY DETECTION THROUGH AN EXTENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL SENSOR
1452
NETWORK IN AN OPEN-PLAN OFFICE BUILDING
Khee Poh Lam; Michael Höynck; Bing Dong; Burton Andrews; Yun-Shang Chiou; Rui Zhang; Diego Benitez;
Joonho Choi
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INFORMATION-THEORETIC ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES SELECTION FOR OCCUPANCY
1460
DETECTION IN OPEN OFFICES
Khee Poh Lam; Michael Höynck; Rui Zhang; Burton Andrews; Yun-Shang Chiou; Bing Dong; Diego Benitez
lll
NEW ENERGY-EFFICIENT BUILDING CONCEPTS AFFECTING HUMAN THERMAL
COMFORT AND SENSATION
Pekka Tuomaala; Kalevi Piira; Jouko Piippo; Riikka Holopainen; Miimu Airaksinen
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1468
Inverse Modelling and Calibration
USING AN INVERSE METHOD TO EVALUATE ENVELOPE THERMAL PROPERTIES
Layal Chahwane; Pierre Tittelein; Etienne Wurtz; Bruno Zuber
DATABASE AND SIMULATION MODEL DEVELOPMENT FOR MODELLING THE ENERGY
USE OF NON-RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
Yohei Yamaguchi; Yoshiyuki Shimoda
CALIBRATION OF A COMPUTER MODEL OF A NATURALLY-VENTILATED HOUSE
LOCATED IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL
Cláudia Donald Pereira; Enedir Ghisi
ASSISTED CALIBRATION IN BUILDING SIMULATION–ALGORITHM DESCRIPTION AND
CASE STUDIES
Karine Lavigne
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lll
lll
lll
1476
1482
1490
1498
Validation in Action
VALIDATION OF VELUX DAYLIGHT VISUALIZER 2 AGAINST CIE 171:2006 TEST CASES
Raphaël Labayrade; Henrik Wann Jensen; Claus Jensen
EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION OF 3DS MAX DESIGN 2009 AND DAYSIM 3.0
Christoph Reinhart; Pierre-Felix Breton
A REFERENCE MODEL FOR GROUND COUPLED HEAT TRANSFER
Michael Crowley
ANALYSIS OF INDOOR PERFORMANCE OF HOUSES USING RAMMED EARTH WALLS
Veronica Soebarto
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lll
lll
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1506
1514
1522
1530
Commissioning
SIMULATION AND BIM FOR BUILDING DESIGN, COMMISSIONING AND OPERATION: A
COMPARISON WITH THE MICROELECTRONICS INDUSTRY
Paul Tuohy
RETRO-COMMISSIONING OF A HEAT SOURCE SYSTEM IN A DISTRICT HEATING AND
COOLING SYSTEM
Eikichi Ono; Harunori Yoshida; Fulin Wang
VERIFICATION OF OPTIMUM OPERATION METHOD BY SIMULATION FOR THE HVAC
SYSTEM WITH A THERMAL STORAGE TANK IN AN ACTUAL BUILDING
Hiromasa Yamaguchi; Harunori Yoshida; Naoki Matsushita; Hisataka Kitora
SIMULATION BASED PREDICTIVE CONTROL OF LOW-ENERGY BUILDING SYSTEM
USING TWO-STAGE OPTIMIZATION
Zhen Yu
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1546
1554
1562
Technical Session Posters
Software developments 1
A NEW APPROACH TO INTER-ZONAL ADJACENCIES ANALYSIS FOR BUILDING ENERGY
SIMULATION PROGRAMS
Piotr Narowski
COMPUTATIONAL ASPECTS OF MODELING DIFFERENT STRATEGIES FOR KITCHEN
VENTILATION: A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE MULTI-ZONE APPROACH AND CFD
MODELLING WITH REFERENCE TO PREDICTED INDOOR POLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONS
Giacomo Villi; Wilmer Pasut; Michele De Carli
SOLVING DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS IN TRNSYS WITHOUT PROGRAMMING
Werner Paul Keilholz; Peter Riederer; Vanessa Ducreux
APPLICATION OF THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL GENERATION OF RESPONSE
FACTORS (NGRF) METHOD OF MULTI-YEAR BASED CONDUCTIVE TEMPERATURES IN
SOIL AND PASSIVE COOLING EARTH-CONTACT COMPONENTS
Stamatis Zoras
DEVELOPMENT OF A SIMULATION TOOL FOR CALCULATING MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE
COOLING TIME IN CLOSED TYPE COOLING TOWER
Mingjie Zheng; Song Pan
APPLICATION OF SPECIFIC MODELS IN A GENERAL SIMULATION TOOL
Sven Moosberger
COMPUTATIONAL SIMULATION OF INDOORS TEMPERATURE FIELD: COMPARATIVE
STUDY BETWEEN THE APLICATION OF SHORT AND LONG WIND-CATCH
Patricia R. C. Drach
A SIMPLE METHOD OF DETERMINING THE INFLUENCE OF THE OVERHANG ON WINDOW
SOLAR GAINS
Dominik Wodarczyk; Henryk Nowak
MORE EFFICIENT ESP-R MODELLING BY AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF INPUT FILES
Simon Taylor
COUPLING OF TRNSYS WITH SIMULINK: A METHOD TO AUTOMATICALLY EXPORT AND
USE TRNSYS MODELS WITHIN SIMULINK AND VICE VERSA
P. Riederer; W. Keilholz; V. Ducreux
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1569
1574
1582
1588
1596
1603
1609
1617
1623
1628
Glazing and lighting
THE THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF THE BUILDING ENVELOPE ELEMENTS HAVING
GLAZING SURFACES
Ioan Moga; Ligia Moga
FIELD SUMMER PERFORMANCE OF INTERIOR REFLECTIVE SCREEN SHADES FOR
RESIDENTIAL WINDOWS
A. D. Galasiu; A. Laouadi; M. M. Armstong; M. C. Swinton; F. Szadkowski
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1634
1642
INFLUENCES OF LIGHTING CONTROL AND NATURAL VENTILATION ON ENERGY USE
AND OVERHEATING FOR A DAY-LIT INDUSTRIAL BUILDING
Xiaoxin Wang; Chris Kendrick; Ray Ogden
ENERGY-EFFICIENT WINDOW FOR CLASSROOM IN WARM TROPICAL AREA
Floriberta Binarti
MANUAL VS. OPTIMAL CONTROL OF EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR BLIND SYSTEMS
Deuk-Woo Kim; Cheol-Soo Park
INTEGRATED BUILDING ENERGY AND LIGHTING SIMULATION IN THE FRAMEWORK OF
EU PV–LIGHT PROJECT
Milan Janak; Reinhard Kainberger
THE IMPACT OF GLAZING SELECTION ON DAYLIGHTING AND ENERGY PERFORMANCE
FOR AN OFFICE BUILDING IN CANBERRA
Peter Taylor; Hélène Duponchel; Paul Bannister
ANALYSIS OF DAYLIGHTING DEVICES FOR TYPICAL OFFICE BUILDINGS OF NEW DELHI,
INDIA
Neha Singhal; Tanmay Tathagat; Rajan Rawal
THERMAL EFFICIENCY OF THE WINDOW SHADE
Yun Kyu Yi; Ali M. Malkawi
ANALYSIS OF ENERGYPLUS DAYLIGHTING MODULE RESULTS: A BRAZILIAN CASE
Rejane Magiag Loura; Eleonora Sad de Assis; Roberta Vieira Gonçalves de Souza
A SIMULATION ASSESSMENT OF THE HEIGHT OF LIGHT SHELVES TO ENHANCE
DAYLIGHTING QUALITY IN TROPICAL OFFICE BUILDINGS UNDER OVERCAST SKY
CONDITIONS IN DHAKA, BANGLADESH
Ashikur Rahman Joarder; Zebun Nasreen Ahmed; Andrew Price; Monjur Mourshed
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1650
1655
1663
1671
1678
1685
1693
1699
1706
Advances in building physics, microclimate
PROGRESS IN SIMULATION OF A THERMAL PROBE: MODELLING THE PROBE TO SAMPLE
CONDUCTANCE
P. de Wilde; R. Griffiths; S. Grove; S. Goodhew
RECURRENT NEURAL NETWORKS AND NEURO-INVERSE APPROACH FOR ESTIMATING
THE THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY OF BUILDING MATERIALS
Stéphane Grieu; Adama Traoré; Olivier Faugeroux; Bernard Claudet; Frédérik Thiery; Jean-Luc Bodnar
DUAL STAGE SIMULATIONS TO STUDY THE MICROCLIMATIC EFFECTS OF TREES ON
THERMAL COMFORT IN A RESIDENTIAL BUILDING, CAIRO, EGYPT
Mohamad Fahmy; Stephen Sharples; Ali Eltrapolsi
RESEARCH ON MEASUREMENT AND SIMULATION OF THE WIND ENVIRONMENT
AROUND BUILDINGS IN CAMPUS
Bing Wang; Borong Lin
LOCAL WIND AND RAIN CONDITIONS IN SEMI-CLOSED NARROW CORRIDORS BETWEEN
BUILDINGS
Katarzyna Klemm; Dariusz Heim
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1714
1722
1730
1737
1745
INVESTIGATING CHANGES IN FAÇADES’ ENERGY BALANCE ACCORDING TO COATING
OPTICAL PROPERTIES
Maxime Doya; Emmanuel Bozonnet; Francis Allard
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF LOCAL LOSS COEFFICIENTS OF VENTILATION DUCT
FITTINGS
Vladimir Zmrhal; Jan Schwarzer
POSSIBLE IMPACT ON TEMPERATURE BY DIFFERENCES IN URBAN DISTRICT
CONFIGURATIONS
N. Umemiya; S. Sakurai; M. Kawamoto; R. Okura
PREDICTING THE TEMPERATURE PROFILE OF INDOOR BUILDINGS BY USING
ORTHONORMAL BASIS FUNCTIONS
Bruno C. Reginato; Roberto Z. Freire; Gustavo H. C. Oliveira; Nathan Mendes; Marc O. Abadie
ESTABLISHING A SIMPLIFIED CORRELATION BETWEEN A PROPOSED DOUBLE SKIN
FAÇADE AND A THERMALLY EQUIVALENT SINGLE SKIN FAÇADE FOR DYNAMIC
BUILDING ENERGY MODELLING
Harris Poirazis; Mikkel Kragh
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1753
1761
1767
1773
1781
Advances in applications: design optimisation
MODELLING TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL BENEFITS OF THREE LOW ENERGY
TECHNIQUES APPLIED TO A COMMERCIAL OFFICE BUILDING
Yixing Chai; Jianjun Ye; Fan Wang
OPTIMIZATION OF DAYLIGHT IN BUILDINGS TO SAVE ENERGY AND TO IMPROVE
VISUAL COMFORT: ANALYSIS IN DIFFERENT LATITUDES
Michele De Carli
MULTI-CRITERIA OPTIMAL DESIGN OF RESIDENTIAL VENTILATION SYSTEMS
Young-Jin Kim; Cheol-Soo Park
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF VENTILATION STRATEGIES IN RESIDENTIAL APARTMENT
BUILDINGS UNDER UNCERTAINTY
Young-Jin Kim; Cheol-Soo Park
THE EFFECT OF PCM INTERIOR FINISHING MATERIAL WITH MOISTURE SORPTION AND
DESORPTION CHARACTERISTICS ON HYGROTHERMAL CONTROLL OF ROOMS
Akihito Ozaki; Yuki Satou; Myonghyang Lee; Chisato Matsuda
STUDY ON OPTIMAL ENERGY SYSTEM DESIGN FOR APARTMENT HOUSE USING
GENETIC ALGORITHMS
Janghoo Seo; Ryozo Ooka; Genku Kayo
SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR IMPROVEMENT AND PREDICTION OF THE ENERGY
PERFORMANCE OF AN APARTMENT ENVELOPE IN SCHEMATIC DESIGN
Yu Young-Dong; Woo Sae-Jin; Suh Hye-Soo
ANALYSIS OF LIFE CYCLE ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL LOAD OF
INSULATION DESIGN FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN CHINA
Lijing Gu; Borong Lin; Xiaoru Zhou; Yingxin Zhu
FINITE ELEMENT MODELLING OF COUPLED HEAT AND MOISTURE TRANSFER IN
TYPICAL EARTH-SHELTERED BUILDING ENVELOPE
Xibin Ma; Baoyi Cheng; Jinfeng Mao; Wenjie Liu; Dongyi Zi
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1789
1797
1806
1814
1822
1830
1835
1842
1850
SIMULATION OF ENERGY-EFFICIENT OFFICE BUILDINGS IN NORWAY
Matthias Haase; Igor Sartori; Natasa Djuric; Rasmus Hoseggen
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1857
Advances in applications: case studies
CFD APPLICATIONS FOR THE PRESERVATION OF THE TOMBS OF THE VALLEY OF
KINGS, LUXOR
Essam E Khalil
DESIGN AND FUTURE OF ENERGY-EFFICIENT OFFICE BUILDINGS IN NORWAY
Matthias Haase; Inger Andresen; Berit Time; Anne Grete Hestnes
THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF OFFICE BUILDINGS IN GHANA
Christian Koranteng; Ardeshir Mahdavi ;Kristina Orehounig; Claus Pröglhöf
THERMAL SIMULATION AND COOLING ENERGY SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF A TYPICAL
SHOPHOUSE IN JAKARTA, INDONESIA
Rahmi Andarini; H.Schranzhofer; W.Streicher; A.K. Pratiwi
NUMERICAL EVALUATION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND INDOOR ENVIRONMENT IN
SUBWAY ISLAND PLATFORM WITH DCV SYSTEM
Jing Liu; Xiao-chi Deng; Yin Wang
SIMULATION OF A LARGE CENTRAL COOLING AND HEATING PLANT USING TRNSYS
AND CALIBRATION WITH MONITORED DATA
Danielle Monfet; Radu Zmeureanu
ANALYSIS OF THE ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF EARTH-SHELTERED HOUSES WITH
SOUTHERN ELEVATION EXPOSED
Maja Staniec; Henryk Nowak
NUMERICAL SIMULATION ON TRANSIENT ACCESSIBILITY OF SUPPLY AIR AND
CONTAMINANT SOURCE IN VENTILATED ROOM
Xiaojun Ma; Jiujiu Chen; Fenfei Zhu; Xiaoliang Shao; Xianting Li
COURTHOUSE ENERGY EVALUATION: BIM AND SIMULATION MODEL
INTEROPERABILITY IN CONCEPT DESIGN
Paola Sanguinetti; Charles Eastman; Godfried Augenbroe
THE USE OF CFD APPLIED TO STUDIES OF VENTILATION IN URBAN AREAS IN
CAMPINAS, BRAZIL
M. C. A. Oliveira; L. C. Labaki; P. Vatavuk
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1865
1872
1880
1887
1894
1899
1907
1914
1922
1930
Software developments 2
PRODUCT RELATED DEDICATED SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT BASED ON TRNSYS AND
TRNSED
Bertrand Labedan; Roel De Coninck
A REVIEW AND COMPARISON OF DATA VISUALIZATION TECHNIQUES USED IN
BUILDING DESIGN AND IN BUILDING SIMULATION
Shweta Srivastav; Simon Lannon; Donald K. Alexander; Phil Jones
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lll
1935
1942
TRNSYS – FEATURES AND FUNCTIONALITITY FOR BUILDING SIMULATION 2009
CONFERENCE
Matthew J. Duffy; Marion Hiller; David E. Bradley; Werner Keilholz; Jeff W. Thornton
DOCUMENTATION OF OPEN-SOURCE SIMULATION-ADDRESSING MULTIPLE POINTS OF
INTEREST
Jon W. Hand
COMPLEX ENERGY SIMULATION USING SIMPLIFIED USER INTERACTION MECHANISMS
Jeremy Cockroft; Sabeeta Ghauri; Aizaz Samuel; Paul Tuohy
ADVANCED SIMULATION APPLICATIONS USING ROOM
Andrew White; Michael Holmes
EXPERIENCES TESTING ENHANCED BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION
PROTOTYPES ON POTENTIAL USER GROUP
Christina Hopfe
TRNSYS17: NEW FEATURES OF THE MULTIZONE BUILDING MODEL
Johannes Aschaber; Marion Hiller; Robert Weber
DEVELOPMENT OF A SOLAR RADIATION AND BIPV DESIGN TOOL AS ENERGYPLUS
PLUGIN FOR GOOGLE SKETCHUP
Stephen K. Wittkopf; Ashwin Kambadkone; He Quanhui; Ng Poh Khai
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lll
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1950
1955
1962
1968
1976
1983
1989
Commissioning and validation
THERMAL MODELING OF THE COOLING CEILING SYSTEMS AS COMMISSIONING TOOL
Nestor Fonseca Diaz; Jean Lebrun; Philippe André
COMMISSIONING CASE STUDY OF A COOLING CEILING SYSTEM
Nestor Fonseca Diaz; Philippe André; Cristian Cuevas
ON-LINE MONITORING STATION FOR ENERGY DIAGNOSIS IN BUILDINGS
Benjamin Paris; Thierry Talbert; Julien Eynard; Stéphane Grieu; Adama Traoré; Monique Polit
VALIDATION OF THE BUILDING THERMAL SIMULATION TOOL FOCUSED ON EFFECT OF
EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
Yoshiki Higuchi; Mitsuhiro Udagawa
DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF EQUATION BASED SIMULATION TOOLS TO SUPPORT
AUDIT OF COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
Stephane Bertagnolio; Jean Lebrun; Philippe André
COMMISSIONING OF A COUPLED EARTH TUBE AND NATURAL VENTILATION SYSTEM
AT THE POST-ACCEPTANCE STEP
Song Pan; Mingjie Zheng; Harunori Yoshida
CALIBRATION OF AN ENERGYPLUS SIMULATION MODEL BY THE STEMPSTAR METHOD
Antonio Carrillo; Fernando Dominguez; Jose M. Cejudo
CASE STUDY OF ENERGY DIAGNOSIS SIMULATION OF VAV AHU SYSTEM CONTROLS
Bin Yan; Ali M. Malkawi; Yongning Zhang; Jianjun Xia
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1997
2005
2013
2020
2027
2035
2043
2051
TESTING AND VALIDATION OF SIMULATION TOOLS OF HVAC MECHANICAL
EQUIPMENT INCLUDING THEIR CONTROL STRATEGIES PART I: DESCRIPTION OF THE
VALIDATION TEST CASES
Clemens Felsmann; Jean Lebrun; Vincent Lemort; Aad Wijsman
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2059
Policy, code compliance and stock modelling
THE ENERGY PERFORMANCE BUILDING AND EPBD: A ROUND ROBIN TEST
Kristian Fabbri; Lamberto Tronchin
ADOPTION OF DYNAMIC SIMULATION FOR AN ENERGY PERFORMANCE RATING TOOL
FOR KOREAN RESIDETNTIAL BUILDINGS:EDEM-SAMSUNG
Sabeeta Ghauri; Jon Hand; Cameron Johnstone; Jaemin Kim;
Georgios Kokogiannakis; Paul Tuohy; Kyung-hun Woo
PRELIMINARY APPLICATION OF A METHODOLOGY FOR RISK ASSESSMENT OF
THERMAL FAILURES IN BUILDINGS SUBJECT TO CLIMATE CHANGE
P. de Wilde; W. Tian
EFFICIENCY OF SOLAR RADIATION ON HEATING ENERGY CONSERVATION OF
RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
Seiji Nakano; Akihito Ozaki; Toshiyuki Watanabe
THE DYNAMIC MODEL OF THE INFLUENCE OF ENERGY PRICE CHANGES ON ENERGY
SAVING INVESTMENTS IN BUILDINGS
Dalibor Vytlacil
INVESTIGATING CO2 EMISSION REDUCTIONS IN EXISTING URBAN HOUSING USING A
COMMUNITY DOMESTIC ENERGY MODEL
Steven K. Firth
ACCURACY OF THE PORTUGUESE EPBD IMPLEMENTED THERMAL PERFORMANCE
CALCULATION PROCEDURES - RCCTE
Pedro Silva
A NEW GEOGRAHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM-BASED APPROACH TO MAP AND
REDUCE ENERGY-RELATED CO2 EMISSIONS FROM UK DWELLINGS
Rajat Gupta
DEVELOPMENT OF RIBA SUB-PROCESS TO ASSIST REDUCTION OF BUILDING LIFE
CYCLE IMPACT: INTEGRATION OF RIBA WORKSTAGE WITH EU EIA LEGISLATION AND
ISO14040
Eugene Loh; Nashwan Dawood; John Dean
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2064
2070
2077
2085
2092
2098
2106
2114
2122
Human aspects of indoor environment
UTILIZATION OF THERMAL MASS IN THE TORONTO NET ZERO ENERGY HOUSE FOR
THERMAL COMFORT AND ENERGY SAVINGS
Omar Siddiqui; Alan Fung
RESEARCH ON INDOOR ENVIRONMENT FOR THE TERMINAL 1 OF CHENGDU
SHUANGLIU INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
Jiying Liu; Nanyang Yu; Bo Lei; Xiangyang Rong; Ling Yang
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lll
2131
2138
JUDGMENT ON THE PRESENCE OF DIRECT SUNLIGHT FOR BLIND SLAT ANGLE
CONTROL SYSTEMS
Mutsuo Honma; Takaharu kawase; Satsuki Yoneda
CROWD NOISE MEASUREMENTS AND SIMULATION IN LARGE STADIUM USING
BEAMFORMING
Mojtaba Navvab
HUMAN ENVIRONMENTAL HEAT TRANSFER SIMULATION WITH CFD: THE ADVANCES
AND CHALLENGES
Yi Zhang; Divine Novieto; Yingchun Ji
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lll
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2146
2154
2162
Advances in applications: HVAC and control
RAISING EVAPORATIVE COOLING POTENTIALS USING COMBINED COOLED CEILING
AND HIGH TEMPERATURE COOLING STORAGE
Jianlei Niu; Xichun Wang; A.H.C. van Paassen
PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY INDEPENDENT
CONTROL AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM AND THE CONVENTIONAL AIR-CONDITIONING
SYSTEM
Haiqiang Zhang; Xiaohua Liu; Yi Jiang
EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF PREDICTIVE AND OPTIMUM HVAC CONTROL
SYSTEM APPLYING THE OPEN PLATFORM TO THE SCHOOL BUILDING
Yasuo Utsumi; Kazuyuki Kamikura; Syuzo Kishima; Utarou Taira; Ryushi Kimura; Tsuyoshi Fujita
ENERGY SAVING POTENTIAL OF COOPERATIVE OPERATION BETWEEN DISTRICT
HEATING AND COOLING PLANT AND BUILDING HVAC SYSTEMS
Yoshitaka Uno; Reiko Kubara; Yoshiyuki Shimoda
HVAC DESIGN INFORMED BY ORGANIZATIONAL SIMULATION
Zhengwei Li; Yeonsook Heo; Godfried Augenbroe
APPLICATION OF WATER MIST PRE-COOLING ON THE AIR-COOLED CHILLERS
Jia Yang; K. T. Chan; Xiangsheng Wu
ENERGY SAVING EFFECT OF HIGH-EFFICIENCY TECHNOLOGIES IN INDUSTRIAL
COOLING PLANT SYSTEM
Tatsuya Fukuzaki; Yasunori Akashi; Masato Miyata; Shohei Sueyoshi
APPLICATION OF RADIANT COOLING IN DIFFERENT CLIMATES: ASSESSMENT OF
OFFICE BUILDINGS THROUGH SIMULATION
Zhen Tian; James A. Love
THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF EARTH-AIR HEAT EXCHANGER FOR REDUCING COOLING
ENERGY DEMAND OF OFFICE BUILDINGS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
Abdullahi Ahmed; Kenneth Ip; Andrew Miller; Kassim Gidado
INDOOR THERMAL COMFORT AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF VARIOUS AIRCONDITIONING SCHEMES FOR MUSEUM BUILDINGS
Gaoming Ge; Fu Xiao; Shengwei Wang
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2169
2177
2184
2190
2198
2204
2212
2220
2228
2236
Advances in applications: renewables, passive designs, demand reduction
ENVELOPE INSULATION AND HEAT BALANCE IN COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
Ana Paula Melo; Roberto Lamberts
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF THE PHOTOVOLTAIC DOUBLE-SKIN FACADE
Zhongzhu Qiu; Tintai Chow; Peng Li; Chunying Li; Jianxing Ren; Wenhuan Wang
MODELLING BUOYANCY INDUCED FLOWS OF PASSIVE COOLING SYSTEMS
Pedro Correia da Silva; Vítor Leal; J. Correia da Silva
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF AN AIR-TO-AIR HEAT PUMP COUPLED WITH
TEMPERATE AIR-SOURCES INTEGRATED INTO A DWELLING
Bruno Filliard; Alain Guiavarch; Bruno Peuportier
ENERGY AND THERMAL COMFORT EVALUATION FOR DIFFERENT PASSIVE SOLUTIONS
IN A KINDERGARTEN IN SUMMER CONDITIONS
Eusébio. Z. E. Conceição; Margarida C. Lopes; Maria Manuela J. R. Lúcio
ENSURING DESIRED NATURAL VENTILATION RATE BY MEANS OF OPTIMIZED
OPENINGS
Louis Stephan; Alain Bastide; Etienne Wurtz; Bernard Souyri
DETAILED MODELING OF SOLAR FLAT-PLATE COLLECTORS WITH DESIGN TOOL
KOLEKTOR 2.2
Tomas Matuska; Vladimir Zmrhal; Juliane Metzger
COMBINED SOLAR THERMAL AND GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP SYSTEM
Farzin M. Rad; Alan S. Fung; Wey H. Leong
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2297
Eleventh International IBPSA Conference
Glasgow, Scotland
July 27-30, 2009
A SIMULATION ASSESSMENT OF THE HEIGHT OF LIGHT SHELVES TO
ENHANCE DAYLIGHTING QUALITY IN TROPICAL OFFICE BUILDINGS
UNDER OVERCAST SKY CONDITIONS IN DHAKA, BANGLADESH
Md. Ashikur Rahman Joarder1, 2, Zebun Nasreen Ahmed1, Andrew Price 2 and
Monjur Mourshed2
1
Dept. of Architecture, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET),
Dhaka, Bangladesh.
2
HaCIRIC, Dept. of Civil and Bldg. Engg., Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
ABSTRACT
The objective of this paper is to highlight the
effectiveness of light shelves in tropical office
buildings to enhance interior daylighting quality.
Daylight simulation was performed for custom light
shelves for a typical office floor of Dhaka City in
Bangladesh, to determine the best possible location
under overcast sky conditions. Six alternative models
of a 3m high study space were created with varying
heights of light shelves. The 3D models were first
generated in the Ecotect to study the distribution and
uniformity of daylight in the interior space with splitflux method. These models were then exported to a
physically-based backward raytracer, Radiance
Synthetic Imaging software to generate realistic
lighting levels for validating and crosschecking the
Ecotect results. The results showed that for achieving
light levels closest to specified standards, light
shelves at a height of 2m above floor level perform
better among the seven alternatives studied including
the alternative where no light shelves are present.
Finally, the decisions were verified with DAYSIM
simulation program to ensure the compliance of the
decisions with dynamic annual climate-based
daylight performance metrics.
KEYWORDS
Daylight Simulation, Light Shelves, Overcast Sky,
Tropical Region.
INTRODUCTION
Light shelves are typically placed just above eye
level to reflect daylight into the interior ceiling and to
use the ceiling as a light-reflector for deeper parts of
the room. However, it is believed by many that light
shelves and overhangs are not efficient in terms of
light penetration under overcast sky conditions and
reduce the amount of daylight reaching the interior
space (Eagan et al., 2002; Littlefair, 1996;
Christoffersen, 1995; Aizlewood, 1993). Standing on
a neutral position, daylight simulation was performed
in this study for custom light shelves for a typical
office floor of Dhaka City, Bangladesh, a tropical
location, with predominantly overcast skies, to
determine the validity of this opinion. The findings of
the computer simulation have been evaluated based
on average daylight level on the work-plane height,
number of points within standard illumination levels,
rate of fluctuation of the daylight levels from the
window towards deeper spaces, comparison of
rendered images of the study space for luminance
levels on specific surfaces and lastly varified with
different annual performance metrics. Comparing all
the findings, the best possible location of light
shelves under the given conditions has been
suggested.
LIGHT SHELVES AND SHADING
Architectural shading solutions are typically part of
the exterior facade. Light shelves, overhangs, fins,
shade screens, venetian blinds, vertical blinds,
miniature louvers, and roller shades are commonly
used shading systems. One drawback of using
shading devices is the risk of reduced daylight level,
as all shading devices reduce the view of sky, which
is a potential source of daylight. This can increase the
use of artificial lighting for interior task.
One of the effective forms of shading devices is the
light shelf. Light shelves are horizontal projections
placed below a window lintel to reflect sunlight
further into the interior. Typically placed just above
eye level, the light shelf reflects daylight onto the
deeper part of the room using the interior ceiling as a
reflector instead of a typical shaded interior ceiling
(A.G.S., 2000). At the same time, the light shelf
shades the lower portion of any window, reducing the
amount of light near the window, which normally has
much higher illumination than the deeper parts of
spaces and projects the light towards the back. The
result is a balanced luminous environment, with less
contrast and glare.
A light shelf divides a window into a view area
below and a clerestory area above. Literature survey
shows that light shelves and overhangs are not
effective for redistributing light under overcast sky
conditions and may reduce the amount of daylight
reaching the interior space (Eagan et al., 2002). Both
full-scale and scale model measurements have shown
that windows with internal light shelves produce an
overall reduced daylight factor on the work plane
throughout the interior space compared to a nonshaded window of equal size (Littlefair, 1996;
Christoffersen, 1995; Aizlewood, 1993). To reach a
clearer idea about this impact, daylight simulation
was performed in this study for custom light shelves
with different height levels.
- 1706 -
a)
SKY CONDITIONS OF DHAKA CITY
The climate of Dhaka is tropical and has mainly three
distinct seasons – the hot dry (March-May), the hot
humid (June-November) and the cool dry season
(December-February) (Ahmed, 1995). The sky can
be clear or overcast in different parts of the various
seasons. During summer (Hot Dry) the sky remains
both clear (sunny with sun) and overcast. However,
during the warm-humid (March-November) period,
which includes the monsoons, the sky remains
considerably overcast most of the time. It is only
during the winter (December-February) that the sky
mostly remains clear. Figure 1 shows sky condition
of Dhaka city with respect to cloud cover for Test
Reference Years (TRY).
The site should be within the urban boundary
and should have characteristics typical of the
general urban fabric of Dhaka city (Figure 2);
b) The example office building should represent the
trend of typical office design in Dhaka;
c) The building should be built in accordance with
the Building Construction Regulations of the
City Authority;
d) Internal layout of the example office space
should be such that, there should be provision
for daylight inclusion and distribution; and
e) The scale and volume of the building should be
representative within the conurbation.
OPSONIN BUILDING
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
Figure 1: Cloud cover for Test Reference Years,
Dhaka. (Source: U.S. Department of Energy, 2008)
In composite climates like Dhaka, where both
overcast as well as clear conditions are observed
during the course of each year, designers face
difficulties to choose the condition, based on which
they should take the design decisions. The ways and
means of tackling the two conditions are quite
contrasting to each other (Ahmed, 1987). Windows
with fixed horizontal overhead is suitable for
overcast sky condition, on the other hand vertical and
movable devices are recommended for clear sky. In
such cases, it is the overcast sky with steep
luminance gradation towards zenith and azimuthal
uniformity (CIE, 2004) that presents the more critical
situation and hence, design for daylight should
satisfy good lighting criteria under overcast
conditions (Evans, 1987).
METHODOLOGY
Selection of Site and Building for simulation
The climatic characteristics of Dhaka City differ
from other cities of the country due to its location
and rapid physical development in last few decades.
Physical and environmental characteristics are further
modified in different locations within the city. This is
due to the density of built environment, building
types, building heights and orientations, surface
quality of the area – whether hard or soft depending
on vegetal cover and presence of water bodies and
ponds - materials used for construction, and other
related factors.
The criteria for site and building selection to
determine the typical example office space was based
on the following factors:
Figure 2: Location of nine storied Opsonin Building
in urban setting
After a survey of 50 office buildings in the city,
based on the above criteria, the nine-storey Opsonin
Building (corporate office of Opsonin Pharma
Limited) was selected for the study (Joarder, 2007).
The 2nd floor of the building was chosen as the
example space for simulation. This floor is one of the
typical floors of the building, the plan of which is
repeated on the rest of its six upper floors, and it has
different exterior conditions on four different sides.
The building has a 7m wide road on the west, some
single-storey semi-permanent establishments and a
two storey building opposite the lift core on the east,
another under-construction nine-storey building 2.5m
from the northern edge and a three-storey building
2.5m from the south edge. There is a four-storey
building and some greenery just opposite the road in
front of the office building (Figure 3).
- 1707 -
Figure 3: Site and surroundings of nine storied
Opsonin Building
Simulation Study
The amount of daylight penetration and its quality in
office interiors due to the changes in the height of
light shelves can be assessed by simulation study. In
reality, due to the simultaneous influence of many
different factors, it is difficult to isolate the exclusive
effect of one single aspect, or the changes due to it.
Daylight simulation allows the study of the effect of
changes in any one aspect, keeping other aspects
constant. The observation of simulated behaviour
related to changing parameters allows the
identification of elements, the reduction or
introduction of which in design, contributes to
increased daylight penetration into the interior.
Another significant advantage of simulation study is
that it is possible to analyze the lighting situation for
any period of the year simply by assigning simulation
parameters (like location, date, time, sky condition
etc). In this paper, three PC version simulation
programs were used to investigate and analyse the
impact of the different heights of light shelves on
daylight level at work plane height, aiming to find
out the better light shelf height. The first program is a
comprehensive building analysis software Ecotect
v5.20 which is a highly visual, architectural and
analysis tool ( Crawley et al, 2005) with lighting,
thermal, energy, shading and acoustic performance
analysis functions ( Osaji et al, 2009). The second a
more focused and accurate daylighting simulation
tool, Desktop Radiance 1.02 (Baker, N. et al., 2002;
Ward, 1994). The last one is DAYSIM 2.1.P4
simulation program based on the concept of dynamic
annual daylight performance metrics (Reinhart et al.,
2006).
Simulation Parameters
The quantitative and qualitative assessments for the
design strategies were based on the following
parameters:
Location : Dhaka, Bangladesh.(90.40 E, 23.80 N)
Time : 15 April, 12.30 pm (Time of physical daylight
measurements by a light meter to compare with
simulation outputs)
Calculation Settings
: Full Daylight Analysis
Precision
: High
Local Terrain
: Urban
Window (dirt on glass)
: Average
Sky Illumination Model : CIE Overcast
Design sky Illuminance : 16,500 Lux (Khan, 2005)
Study space
The second floor of the building was chosen for the
simulation study (Figure 4). All indoor and outdoor
conditions were kept constant as found in a physical
survey (Joarder, 2007). The models were created
assuming unshaded peripheral glazing wall, as
shading obstructs a major part of daylight
penetration. The interior space was also modelled as
vacant, devoid of any partitions or furniture, to avoid
the effects of such surfaces, which both block and
reflect daylight, and may hide the actual impacts of
light shelves. The other parameters of the model of
the example space, which were incorporated from
values found in a physical survey, are as follows.
2nd floor dimensions
: 25m x 28.5m
Total floor area
: 692 sqm
Usable office space
: 577 sqm
Service area
: 115 sqm
Clear height of office space
: 3m
Window to floor ratio
: 0.36
Work Plane height
: 0.75m
The following parameters of existing internal finish
materials (as found in the field survey) were used in
the model for simulations.
Ceiling/ Roof of 2nd floor : White painted plaster
(reflectance: 0.7).
Internal wall
:
White
painted
brickwork
(reflectance: 0.7).
Floor :
Reddish
ceramic
tiles
finishes
(reflectance: 0.6).
Glazing : Single pane of glass with aluminium frame
(reflectance: 0.92, U value: 6W/m2K).
The upper and lower floors of the study space were
hided during simulation, as it was found during trial
simulation study that these floors had no contribution
to simulation output but prolong the simulation
processing time unnecessarily (Figure 4).
SECOND FLOOR
Figure 4: View of model used for the simulation.
Performance Evaluation Process
For the purpose of the simulation, the entire office
space was divided into grids with reference to
column-structural grid (Figure 5). Then 83 points in
the open office space were selected for generation of
daylight levels at 0.75m above floor level,
representing the work plane height for offices in
Dhaka (Joarder, 2007). Each intersection point of the
grid was coded according to the number-letter system
shown in Figure 5, which is then transferred to
Tables later (see Figure 13 & Table 2).
- 1708 -
The findings of the computer simulation were
evaluated based on the following criteria:
a) Average daylight level on the work-plane height.
b) Number of points within acceptable illumination
levels.
c) Fluctuation of daylight levels from the window
towards deeper parts of the space.
d) Comparison of rendered images of the example
space generated by Radiance for luminance
levels on specific surface.
e) Different performance metrics with DAYSIM to
verify the compliance of the decisions with
annual performance.
Figure 5: Plan showing the column/structural grid
with node references
Daylight simulation was done by Ecotect for these
grid points to find predicted daylight levels first
(Figure 13). The simulated illumination values were
then plotted into Tables with the codes coinciding
with intersection of letters (rows) and numbers
(columns) (Table 2). These values were then
compared for different situations. Two additional
axes XX’ & YY’ (Figure 5) were created across the
plan to show the fluctuation of the daylight levels
from the window towards the opposite face of the
space (Figures 5 & 6). The calculations consider the
Daylight Factor Concept, which is considered valid
(the ratio remains constant) only under overcast sky
conditions, i.e. when there is no direct sunlight
(Koenigsberger et al., 1997). This is the assumed
characteristic of Dhaka’s skies during much of the
year.
Figure 6: Conceptual building section thru XX’ &
YY’
The 3D models were first generated for computer
simulation in the Ecotect program to calculate the
amount of daylight incident on each grid point on the
work-plane. The models were then exported to
Radiance Synthetic Imaging software to generate
realistic predictions of lighting levels. For Desktop
Radiance an additional imaginary horizontal plane
0.75m above floor level was created to show daylight
contour map on work plane height (Figure 12).
Finally a performance metrics was done with
DAYSIM to get a complete annual picture.
Simulation of Light shelves
Daylight simulation was done for custom light
shelves (metal deck, reflectance: 0.88, U value: 7.14
W/m2K) provided in Ecotect software of varying
heights for the space under study. According to the
Dhaka Metropolitan Building Construction Rule
2006, a maximum overhang of 0.5m is allowed over
mandatory open spaces (clause no. 50.6G). Six
alternative models of the same space were created for
varying heights of light shelves by limiting the
projection of the light shelves to a maximum of 0.5m
on the exterior, and extending it to the same depth in
opposite direction to the interior above eye levels.
The varying heights investigated for the fixed light
shelves were 1.50m, 1.75m, 2.00m, 2.25m, 2.50m
and 2.75m above floor level (Figure 7).
Figure 7: Section showing varying light shelf heights
investigated in this study
COMPARISON
Table 1 summarizes the simulation results for
daylight illumination level on the 83 visible nodes of
the grid with no light shelves and light shelves at
heights of 1.50m, 1.75m, 2.00m, 2.25m, 2.50m and
2.75m above floor level. Figure 12 is an output of
Radiance Synthetic Imaging software, shows the
daylight contour distribution of the same spaces at
work plane level for the different heights of light
shelves mentioned.
- 1709 -
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
83
83
83
83
83
83
83
Minimum
illumination value
(lux)
Maximum
illumination value
(lux)
Average
illumination value
(lux)
No. of points with
values higher than
300 lux
No. of points with
values within
300-900 lux
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2600
1700
1400
1300
1500
1700
2000
650
466
370
315
367
422
478
40
39
39
37
34
31
30
22
22
26
35
22
15
13
Illumination values in Lux
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
39
39
37
35
34
31
30
26
22
22
15
1.50m
1.75m
2.00m
2.25m
2.5m
13
2.75m
Light shelf hight
300 < Lux
300 - 900 Lux
Figure 9: Number of points with an illuminance level
value above 300 lux and within the acceptable range
(300-900 lux) against different light shelf heights
Table 1 shows an average of 650 lux daylight level
for the case of without any light shelf where contour
range varies from 0 to 2600 lux. Even though the
average illumination is greater without light shelves,
the distribution is worst because there are greater
differences between the max and min values.
Comparing the alternative six heights of light
shelves, it is found that the average daylight level
above work plane is reduced with the introduction of
light shelves at all heights compared to the condition
without any light shelf (650 Lux). However, among
six alternative heights the maximum average daylight
condition on work plane height is observed for a light
shelf at a height of 2.75m above floor level (478Lux)
and the minimum average daylight condition on work
plane height is observed for a light shelf at a height
of 2.00m above floor level (315 Lux, see Figure 8).
700
glare, leaving only 22 points within the range of
acceptable daylight illumination level (300-900 Lux).
Figure 9 shows Comparison among different light
shelf heights for illumination values more than 300
lux with acceptable illumination range (300-900 lux).
No. of points within acceptable values
None
Analysing nodes
Light shelves
height (m)
Table 1: Daylight distribution on node points with no
light shelves and light shelves at different heights
650
Another comparison shows the drop of light along
XX’ and YY’ axis within the highest limits (900 lux)
in Figure 10 & 11 among three significant height of
light shelf (at 1.5m, 2m & 2.5m height), which
demonstrates that drops in illumination level become
sharper with increasing heights of light shelves.
Figure 10: Drop of light along XX’ axis with light
shelves of three alternative heights within acceptable
range (300-900 lux)
600
478
466
500
422
370
400
367
315
300
200
100
0
None
1.50m
1.75m
2.00m
2.25m
2.5m
2.75m
Light shelf hight
Figure 8: Average illuminance levels vs. light shelf
heights
Figure 11: Drop of light along YY’ axis with light
shelves of three alternative heights within acceptable
range (300-900 lux)
For the case of without any light shelf 40 points
among 83 have values higher than 300 lux, which is
the recommended level mentioned in Bangladesh
National Building Code (BNBC, 1993) for general
office work. If the deeper parts of the office interior
are supplied with the recommended illumination
level by supplementary light, the points that have
values higher than 900 lux will create glare, as these
levels exceed three times the recommended values
(Littlefare, 1996; Goulding et al., 1992). Therefore,
18 peripheral points among the 40 points will create
In the deeper areas, the effect of light shelf height on
illumination level at work plane was not as
significant due to overcast sky condition. However,
the three-dimensional qualitative comparison along
with daylight contour distribution on work plane
height generated from Radiance output shows
(Figure 12) brightest interior ceiling for a light shelf
at a height of 2.00m above floor level and darkest
interior ceiling for a light shelf at a height of 2.50m.
- 1710 -
(a) Light shelves 1.50 m above floor level
(b) Light shelves 1.75 m above floor level
(c) Light shelves 2.00 m above floor level
(d) Light shelves 2.25 m above floor level
(e) Light shelves 2.50 m above floor level
(f) Light shelves 2.75 m above floor level
Figure 12: Daylight contour distributions with light shelves of six alternative heights above floor level.
DECISION BASED ON SIMULATION
STUDY
The comparisons in Figures 10 & 11 show that
illumination level near the windows varies widely
due to the introduction of light shelves. Figure 8
shows that with light shelf at 2m height a maximum
of points (35 points) fall within acceptable
illumination range (300-900 Lux) with minimum
average illumination value (315 lux from Figure 8)
which meets the requirement of BNBC (1993) for
office work (300 Lux). Therefore, to keep the desired
light levels closest to standard, light shelves at a
height of 2m above floor level perform better among
all alternative heights studied for a space with 3m
ceiling height with illuminated ceiling (Figure 12c).
Daylight distribution on node points with light
shelves 2m above floor level is shown in Figure 13 &
Table 2.
Figure 13: Daylight distribution on node points with
light shelves 2.00 m above floor level.
- 1711 -
Table 2: Daylight distribution on node points with light shelves 2.00 m above floor level.
A
B
1
454
2
769
392
253
3
828
4
751
404
5
838
340
6
740
362
272
7
848
8
810
442
9
847
321
10
820
667
11
682
Contour Range: 0-1300 Lux,
C
386
209
130
95
121
113
142
155
209
381
546
D
E
426
350
143
132
91
69
56
34
37
37
83
40
73
38
97
78
179
114
384
351
555
582
Visible Nodes: 83,
F
406
128
60
39
35
17
53
139
174
418
565
G
H
I
215
72
40
32
15
18
27
145
248
909
104
0
423
1285
482
659
0
379
762
Average Value: 315 Lux
Ambient
sampling
Ambient
accuracy
Ambient
resolution
Specular
threshold
Direct
sampling
1000
20
.01
300
0.15
0.2
For different heights of light shelves, daylight factor
(DF), conventional daylight autonomy (DA),
continuous daylight autonomy (DAcon), and useful
daylight index (UDI) were calculated. For all
performance metrics, the same annual illuminance
profiles were used based on DAYSIM calculations.
The simulation time step was one hour. Results for
different performance metrics are shown in Table 4.
Comparing the annual performance metrics for seven
conditions, it is found that the DA, DAcon above
80% and UDI are same for all cases. However, point
illumination that has a DF of 2% or higher above
work plane is minimum for light shelf at 2m height
(80%) compared to all other conditions, but still
satisfy the requirement of LEED-NC 2.1 (to qualify
87
86
84
80
83
83
83
0 - 100
0 – 100
0 - 100
0 – 100
0 – 100
0 – 100
0 – 100
DAcon
> 80%
DAmax
> 5%
UDI
< 100
UDI
≥ 100
DA %
Ambient
division
5
None
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
DF
≥2%
Ambient
bounces
Variant
*Italic points have values higher than 300 lux, Italic Bold points have values within acceptable range (300-900
lux), points on XX’ and YY’ axes are shaded.
for the LEED-NC 2.1 daylighting credit 8.1 a
VALIDATION
minimum Daylight Factor of 2% is needed in 75% of
To validate the simulation results, measurements of
all space occupied for critical visual tasks). DAmax
daylight levels were taken by a light meter (TES
above 5% is reduced with the increase of the height
1332 Digital Lux Meter) on the study space, to
of the light shelves. If the values of 5th column
compare illumination values generated by the Ecotect
(average illumination value) and 6th column (no. of
program with the actual daylight levels on April 15,
points with values higher than 300 lux) of Table 1 is
2007 at 12.30 pm (date and time used in simulation)
compared with the values of 2nd column (DF ≥ 2 %)
when the sky was overcast. The deviation between
and 5th column (DAmax > 5%) of Table 4, it is
actual and simulated point illumination was 5 % (15
found that the values are similar in characteristics
lux on average) approximately (Joarder, 2007).
with respect to the changing height of light shelves.
Therefore, the objective comparison confirming that
Although overcast sky presents the more critical
the assumption based on which the simulation was
condition, it is also important to get a complete
done for critical evaluation (time, sky condition,
picture about the performance of the studied light
design sky illuminance, etc) can be considered as
shelves in other types of sky conditions (clear sky,
representative of the whole year for the particular
intermediate sky etc.) apparent in different period of
studied situation.
the year (Joarder et al., 2009). So, finally a
simulation was run with DAYSIM to calculate
Table 4: DAYSIM simulation results for no light
daylight levels under all possible sky conditions that
shelves and light shelves at six alternative heights
may occur at building site in a year. Table 3
summarizes the non- default Radiance simulation
parameters.
Table 3: Utilized Simulation Parameters in DAYSIM.
98
98
98
98
98
98
98
73
73
72
71
69
67
67
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
CONCLUSION
This simulation study was performed to find out the
effectiveness of light shelf in tropical location, with
predominantly overcast skies. The findings agree
with past studies that in a tropical location, such as
Bangladesh, the introduction of lightshelf at any
height produces an overall reduction of illumination
on the work plane throughout the interior space. At
the same time, the findings also demonstrate that
light shelves at a height of 2m above floor level
within 3m high ceilings perform better to enhance
daylighting quality in the interior space compared to
the alternative locations (Figures 12c & 13, Table 2),
- 1712 -
including the alternative where no light shelves are
present. Although the average illumination is higher
without light shelves (Table 1), the distribution is
better with light shelves at 2m height. Lastly, it can
be concluded that light shelf can be an effective
element to enhance the quality of daylight in tropical
buildings, if designed and located properly. The
interior space was considered vacant for this
simulation study, however different arrangements of
partitions or furniture can affect the output. Only the
height of the light shelf was investigated although
size, shape, surface angle, and surface properties of
light shelves also have significant influence on their
ability to enhance daylighting quality in a space.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to thank all of the people who helped
make this investigation possible, in particular: the
Managing Director, Opsonin Pharma Limited, for his
consent to conduct the survey of the study building,
and the Dept. of Architecture, BUET, Dhaka,
Bangladesh for technical support.
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- 1713 -
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