CLASS XII
IMPORTANT NAME REACTIONS IN CHEMISTRY
1.
Finkelstein
CH3Br
+
NaI
Swarts
+
NaBr
Methyl Iodide
CH3Br
2.
CH3-I
Methyl bromide
+
Methyl bromide
AgF
CH3F
Silver Flouride
+
AgBr
Methyl Flouride
CH3
3.
Friedel-Crafts
Alkylation
+
Anhydrous AlCl3
H3C
Benzene
4.
FriedelCrafts
Acylation
Wurtz
CH3
+
COCH3
CH3COCl
Anhydrous AlCl3
H3C
Acetophenone
Cl
+
2Na
+
Cl
Dry ether
CH3
H3C
Methyl chloride
Fittig
Na Cl
Ethane
Cl
6.
HCl
Toluene
Benzene
5.
+
Cl
Cl
2Na
+
+
Dry ether
Chlorobenzene
2NaCl
Biphenyl
Cl
7.
Wurtz-Fittig
+
2Na
Cl
CH3
Chlorobenzene
OH
ON a
Na OH
Dow’s Process
HCl
623 K, 300 atm
Chlorobenzene
OH
ON a
COOH
i) CO2
Na OH
Kolbe
ii) H+
Phenol
Sodium phenoxide
OH
Salicylic acid
ONa
CH3Cl + Na OH
Reimer10.
Tiemann
Phenol
11. Williamson
Phenol
Sodium phenoxide
OH
9.
2NaCl
Toluene
Cl
8.
+
CH3
Dry ether
CH3-Br
OH
CHO
H+
CHO
Salicyaldehyde
+
Methyl bromide
CH3-ONa
Sodium methoxide
CH3-O- CH3
+ NaBr
Methoxymethane
12. Stephen
H3C
+
CN
SnCl2 + HCl
H3C
Acetonitrile
CH
H3O+
NH
H3C
Ethyl Imine
CHO
Ethanal
CH3
CHO
+
13. Etard
Toluene
CS 2
CrO 2Cl 2
Chromyl Chloride
Benzaldehyde
CHO
14.
CO / HCl
Gatterman –
Koch
Anhydrous AlCl3
Benzene
Benzaldehyde
O
15.
Rosenmund
reduction
O
H2
C
C
H3C
Cl
H3C
Pd / BaSO4
Acetyl Chloride
Ethanal
O
Clemmensen’s
16.
reduction
Zn - Hg
C
H3C
H3C
Conc. HCl
CH3
Acetone
Wolff17. Kishner
reduction
i) NH2-NH2
C
20. Fehling’s test
H3C
CH3 ii) KOH / Ethylene glycol / 
H3C
Acetone
I2 / NaOH
C
H3C
CH2 CH3
Propane
CHI3 + CH3COONa
OR, NaOI
CH3
Acetone
19. Tollens’ test
CH2 CH3
Propane
O
O
18. Iodoform
H
Iodoform
(Yellow ppt)
2 [Ag(NH3)2]+ + 3 OH-
R-CHO +
Alkyl Aldehyde
R-COO- + 2Ag
Tollens’s Reagent
Silver
R-CHO + 2 Cu2+ + 5 OHAlkyl Aldehyde
+ 2H2O + 4 NH3
R-COO- + Cu2O
Fehling’s Reagent
+
3H2O
Cuprous oxide
( Red ppt )
OH
Aldol
21.
condensation
dil NaOH
2 H3C
CHO
Ethanal
22. Cannizzaro
HCHO
+
H3C
H3C CH CH
CHO
3-hydroxy butanal
Conc. NaOH
HCHO
Formaldehyde
HellVolhard23.
Zelinsky
(HVZ)

H3C CH CH2
COOH
HCOON a
sodium formate
H3C
OH
Methanol
i) Cl2 / Red Phosphorus
ii) H2O
Ethanoic Acid
+
But-2-enal
H2C
COOH
Cl
2-Chloroethanoic acid
CHO
Hoffmann
24. bromamide
degradation
25. Mendius
O
H3C
C
NH2
+ Br2 + 4NaOH
H3C
Ethanamide
H3C
NH2
+ Na2CO3 + 2NaBr + 2H2O
Methanamine
CN
+
Sodium
+
C2H5OH
CH3CH2NH 2
Ethyl Cyanide
Ethylamine
Gabriel
26. phthalimide
synthesis

27. Carbylamine
R-NH2
+ CHCl3 + 3 KOH
Alkyl Amine Chloroform
R-NC
+
Alkyl isocyanide
Unpleasant smell
+
NH2
N2 Cl
3 KCl + 3 H2O
-
NaNO2 + dil HCl
28. Diazotisation
273 - 278 K
Aniline
Benzene diazonium Salt
+
N2 Cl
-
Cl
CuCl / HCl
29. Sandmeyer.
+
Benzene diazonium Salt
+
N2 Cl
N2
Chlorobenzene
-
Cl
Cu / HCl
30. Gatterman
+ N2
Benzene diazonium Salt
+
31. Coupling
N2 Cl
-
+
OHOH
H
Benzene diazonium Salt
N
Phenol
N
OH
p-hydroxyazobenzene (Orange Dye)
-
+
32. Coupling
N2 Cl
-
+
OH
H
NH2
N
N
NH2
-HCl
Benzene diazonium Salt
)
Aniline
p-aminoazobenzene (Yellow Dye