TBS /CHEMISTRY 10C /Online Course by
Online Course
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Subject: METALS
Objective: Extraction of METALS from its ORE
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TBS /CHEMISTRY 10C /Online Course by
Earth Curst
Subject: METALS
Ore: Rocks that contains valuable minerals in it.
Objective: Extraction of METALS from its ORE
Extraction Methods of Metals from Ore
• The position of the metal on the reactivity series
influences the method of extraction.
• Those metals placed higher up on the series (above carbon)
have to be extracted using electrolysis.
• Metals lower down on the series can be
extracted by heating with carbon.
Iron oreHametite
Extraction of Metals from Ore
Al ore Bauxite
•
The Earth’s crust contains metals and metal compounds
such as gold, iron oxide and aluminium oxide.
•
When found in the Earth, these are often mixed with other substances like rocky.
•
i)
ii)
To be useful, the metals have to be extracted from their ores through processes
such as
Electrolysis
using a blast furnace or by reacting with more reactive material.(CARBON)
•
The extraction of metals is a reduction process.
•
Unreactive metals do not have to be extracted as they are often found as the
uncombined element as they do not easily react with other substances
GOLD –SILVER-Platinium ...
Keywords
Blast furnace
Ore
Hametite
Carbon
Carbonmonoxide
Slag
Steel
Alloy
Extraction
Reduction
Oxidation
Objective
Define Ore
Define iron ore
Extraction of iron at Blast
furnace
Making Steel
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TBS /CHEMISTRY 10C /Online Course by
Steps of extraction
Subject: METALS
Objective: Extraction of METALS from its ORE
BLAST FURNACE –Extraction of iron from Hametite by carbon
Raw Materials:
Iron Ore (Haematite), Coke, Limestone and Air:called charge
are mixed together and fed into the top.
Hot air is blasted into at the bottom
Step3: ZONE3 : Temp: 600 oC
Carbon Monoxide (the reducing agent) reduces the Iron (III) Oxide
Molten iron flow down
collect at the bottom where it is tapped off: Main rxn
Fe2O3 (s) + 3CO (g) → 2Fe (III) + 3CO2 (g)
Oxisdising A Reducing A Pure iron
waste gas
Step2: ZONE2 : Temp: 1000 oC
high temperatures in the furnace
carbon dioxide reacts with coke to form carbon monoxide:
CO2 (g) + C (s) → 2CO (g) ( less oxygen or no oxygen here)
rises up
Step1: ZONE1: Temp: 1900 oC
Coke is an impure carbon
burns in the hot air to form carbon dioxide.
This is a strongly exothermic reaction:Very High Temp
C (s) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) rises up
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Keywords
Blast furnace
Ore
Hametite
Carbon
Carbonmonoxide
Slag
Steel
Alloy
Extraction
Reduction
Oxidation
Objective
Define Ore
Define iron ore
Extraction of iron at Blast
furnace
Making Steel
Function of LimeStone
to remove impurities in the ore. Silicon Dioxide
Calcium Carbonate in decomposes to form calcium Oxide:
CaCO3 (s) → CaO (s) + CO2 (g)
The Calcium Oxide reacts with the Silicon Dioxide
which is an impurity in the Iron Ore, to form Calcium Silicate.
This melts and collects as a molten slag ,floating on top of the molten Iron which is tapped off separately: CaO (s) → SiO2 (s) + CaSiO3 (I)
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TBS /CHEMISTRY 10C /Online Course by
Steps of extraction
Subject: METALS
Objective: Extraction of METALS from its ORE
Making Steel and Arranging Carbon percentage
•
•
•
•
Extracted Iron is not pure completely .
Its Called -pig iron-Cast iron- 4% Carbon + 96% iron
Cast-pi-iron is basicly STEEL but some impurities in it.
BUT 4% Carbon is too much , its brittle steel
• We have to get rid of excess Carbon and
• impurities such as;
Sulfur, Silicon dioxide, Phosphorus .
Normally we added LimeStone in the blast furnace, but we cant not
get rid of all them. There are still some impurities.
BASIC OXYGEN PROCESS –Tilt Furnace(mixing Furnace)
Oxygen gas is added to molten pig-cast iron
Pieces of scrap steel is added
Excess carbon is decreased by C (s) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)
Excess Sulfur is decreased by
S (s) + O2 (g) → SO2 (g)
They left tilt furnace as a gas
CaO is added to get rid of Silica and Phosphorus
CaO(s) + SiO2 (g) → CaSiO3 (s)
They are collected as a slag on at the top of molten iron
According to needs, Chromium and Manganese ,tungsten or other
metals are added for different types of alloys.
Keywords
Blast furnace
Ore
Hametite
Carbon
Carbonmonoxide
Slag
Steel
Alloy
Extraction
Reduction
Oxidation
Objective
Define Ore
Define iron ore
Extraction of iron at Blast
furnace
Making Steel
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TBS /CHEMISTRY 10C /Online Course by
Steps of extraction of Zinc
• Zinc blende This is mainly zinc sulfide, ZnS.
• First it is roasted in air,giving zinc oxide and sulfur dioxide:
•
zinc sulfide + oxygen zinc oxide + sulfur dioxide
2ZnS (s) + 3O2 (g)  2ZnO (s) + 2SO2 (g)
i) Using carbon monoxide :
ZnO (s) + CO (g)  Zn (s) + CO2 (g)
The final mixture contains zinc and a slag of impurities.
The zinc is separated by fractional distillation. (It boils at 907°C.)
ii Using electrolysis But zinc oxide has a very high melting point
(1975°C), and is insoluble in water!
Instead, it is dissolved in dilute sulfuric acid (made from the sulfur
dioxide produced in the roasting stage).
Zinc oxide is a base, so it neutralises the acid, giving a solution of
zinc sulfate.
This undergoes electrolysis, and zinc is deposited at the cathode:
Zn2 + (aq) + 2e 2 Zn (s) (reduction)
The zinc is scraped off the cathode, and melted into bars to sell.
In fact most zinc is extracted by electrolysis, because this gives zinc
of very high purity.
Cadmium and lead occur as impurities in the zinc
blende, and these metals are recovered and sold too.
• Extraction of Copper
• Ore: Copper pyrites CuFeS2 , it can be also found as pure
• Mainly Electrolysis is used.
Subject: METALS
Objective: Extraction of METALS from its ORE
Keywords
Blast furnace
Ore
Hametite
Carbon
Carbonmonoxide
Slag
Steel
Alloy
Extraction
Reduction
Oxidation
Objective
Define Ore
Define iron ore
Extraction of iron at Blast
furnace
Making Steel
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TBS /CHEMISTRY 10C /Online Course by
Steps of extraction of Zinc
• Extraction of Copper
• Ore: Copper pyrites CuFeS2 , it can be also found as pure
• Mainly Electrolysis is used.
Subject: METALS
Objective: Extraction of METALS from its ORE
Keywords
Blast furnace
Ore
Hametite
Carbon
Carbonmonoxide
Slag
Steel
Alloy
Extraction
Reduction
Oxidation
Objective
Define Ore
Define iron ore
Extraction of iron at Blast
furnace
Making Steel
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TBS /CHEMISTRY 10C /Online Course by
Subject: METALS
Objective: Extraction of METALS from its ORE
Keywords
Blast furnace
Ore
Hametite
Carbon
Carbonmonoxide
Slag
Steel
Alloy
Extraction
Reduction
Oxidation
Objective
Define Ore
Define iron ore
Extraction of iron at Blast
furnace
Making Steel
7
TBS /Science 8 /Online Course
Subject: Energy
Objective: Comparision of Renewable and NONrenawable energy resources
Keywords
QUIZ TIME
Go to your google class
See the online Quiz
Complete it on time.
You have 10-15 minutes to complete it.
Energy
Fuel
FossilFuel
Renewable
NonRenewable
Solar
Wind
Nuclear
Biofuel
Objective
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