Candidates take Paper 1 and Paper 2 and either Paper 3 (Coursework) or Paper 4 (Alternative to Coursework).
At KES we will take paper 4.
The fundamental details: a) The Structure of IGCSE History
Paper 1. Two Hours. 40% of weighted marks
Section A.
Candidates answer two 4/6/10 questions on the Core
Content (20 th century) topics.
Section B.
Candidates answer one 4/6/10 question on the
Germany 1918-45 Depth Study
This paper represents 40% of the total marks
Paper 4 (Alternative to coursework). One Hour. 27%
Paper 2. Two hours. 33% of weighted marks
Candidates answer a series of source-based questions on one Prescribed topic.
For Summer 2019 the topic will be: How effectively did the USA contain the spread of Communism?
This paper represents 33% of the total marks of weighted marks
Candidates answer one essay question on the
Germany 1918-45 Depth Study from a choice of two.
This paper represents 27% of the total marks. b) Assessment Objectives
To pass Cambridge IGCSE History, candidates must demonstrate the following:
AO1: an ability to recall, select, organise and deploy knowledge of the syllabus content
AO2: an understanding of:
• change and continuity, cause and consequence, similarity and difference
• the motives, emotions, intentions and beliefs of people in the past
AO3: an ability to understand, interpret, evaluate and use a range of sources as evidence, in their historical context
Weighting of assessment objectives:
Paper 1
(raw marks)
Paper 2
(raw marks)
Paper 4
(raw marks)
Whole assessment
%
30% AO1
AO2
20
40
AO3
Total marks 60
10
40
50
15
25
40
43%
27%

c) 4 th / 5 th Year Teaching arrangements 2017-19
The fact that the Prescribed Topic changes for each examination session means that it is not possible to present a teaching timetable that is applicable every year.
For 2017-19 the following timetable will be used:

Autumn Term 2017-end of Spring Term 2018
Germany 1918-45

Summer Term 2018
International Relations 1945-2000 o Early Cold War 1945-55 o How effectively did the USA contain the spread of Communism?

Autumn Term 2018
International Relations: o Finish the above o How secure was the USSR’s control over Eastern Europe, 1948–c.1989? o Why did events in the Gulf between 1970 and 2001 matter?

Spring Term 2019
Finishing off the above/revision
The major texts used will be GCSE Modern World History by Ben Walsh and IGCSE Twentieth Century History by Tony McAleavy.
In addition, the following internet resources may be used: a) History Department website “Revision Material”: http://www.kes.hants.sch.uk/history/studentresources/revision-notes b) John D Clare Modern World History revision site: http://www.johndclare.net/ c) BBC Bitesize History: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/

The Core Content focuses on four Key Questions:
1) Who was to blame for the Cold War?
2) How effectively did the USA contain the spread of Communism?
3) How secure was the USSR’s control over Eastern Europe, 1948–c.1989?
4) Why did events in the Gulf matter c.1970-2000?
A) Who was to blame for the Cold War?
Walsh: Chapter 4
McAleavy: 88-121
History Department Cold War 1945-55 booklet
“Cold War Britain” documentary (eStream)
Focus Points
• Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in 1945?
• How had the USSR gained control of Eastern Europe by 1948?
• How did the USA react to Soviet expansionism?
• What were the consequences of the Berlin Blockade?
• Who was the more to blame for starting the Cold War: the USA or the USSR?
Specified Content
• The origins of the Cold War: o The fundamental ideological differences between the USA and USSR before the war o Clear definition of “Cold War” o the 1945 summit conferences and the breakdown of the USA-USSR alliance in 1945–6
The Yalta and Potsdam Conferences: o Aims and intentions of the Allied leaders o The atmosphere during the meeting o Changing circumstances between the two meeting o Decisions made at both conferences o Analysis of how both conferences contributed to the souring of relations between the different powers o Soviet expansion into Eastern Europe to 1948, and American reactions to it:
Stalin’s tightening of control over Eastern Europe1945-48. Methods and places
Churchill’s Iron Curtain Speech. How did this contribute to growing tension
Greece
The Truman Doctrine/American policy of Containment and the Marshall Plan. American intentions and Soviet objections o the occupation of Germany and the Berlin Blockade.
The division of Berlin after the War. How and why?
The thinking behind Stalin’s blockade of Berlin and the nature of the American and
British response
The consequences of the Berlin Blockade: American victory? The setting up of NATO, the firm division of Germany

Analysis: Who was most responsible for the early development of the Cold War?
B) How effectively did the USA contain the spread of Communism?
Walsh: Chapter 5
McAleavy: 128-143
DVD “Thirteen Days” Department DVD store
DVD “The Vietnam War 1954-75” Department DVD store
Focus Points
This Key Question will be explored through case studies of the following:
• America and events in Cuba, 1959–62
• American involvement in Vietnam.
Specified Content
• Events of the Cold War: o American reactions to the Cuban revolution, including the missile crisis and its aftermath:
The overthrow of Batista by Castro in 1959
American efforts to contain the Cuban “problem” from 1959-62. Sanctions, Bay of Pigs.
How successful was this effort?
Castro’s developing relationship with the USSR from 1959 onwards
The Cuban Missile Crisis; Khrushchev’s motives, American options, events in October
1962 and the outcome of the crisis. Analysis of political impact on Kennedy and
Khrushchev.
Focus on the impact of the crisis on Superpower relations in the medium term.
Temporary improvement (Hot line, Partial Test Ban Treaty) but were relations back to normal by mid 1960s? (American escalation in Vietnam, Prague Spring etc) o American involvement in the Vietnam War.
Origins of the conflict 1946-54
Reasons for growing American involvement
The main events of the war and the nature of the fighting
The development of the Peace Movement in the USA
The end of the war and reasons for American defeat
The impact of the war on Vietnam and on American global authority and policy
C) How secure was the USSR’s control over Eastern Europe, 1948–c.1989?
Walsh: Chapter 6
McAleavy: 145-167
DVD: Bridge of Spies
Focus Points
• Why was there opposition to Soviet control in Hungary in 1956 and Czechoslovakia in 1968? Political, cultural, economic. How did the USSR react to this opposition?
• How similar were events in Hungary in 1956 and in Czechoslovakia in 1968?
• Why was the Berlin Wall built in 1961?
• What was the significance of ‘Solidarity’ in Poland for the decline of Soviet influence in Eastern
Europe?

• How far was Gorbachev personally responsible for the collapse of Soviet control over Eastern
Europe?
Specified Content
• Soviet power in Eastern Europe: o Soviet control of Eastern Europe under Stalin: initial problems, Cominform and Comecon o The rise of Khrushchev and the policy of “de-Stalinisation” o The Warsaw Pact o Resistance to Soviet power in Hungary (1956) and Czechoslovakia (1968). Focus on:
Reasons for resentment a Soviet control
The events of the uprisings with particular emphasis on the Soviet response and the actions of the West
The impact of the two uprising on Superpower relations
The Brezhnev doctrine
Similarities and differences between the two uprisings o The Berlin Wall. Focus on:
Why was the Wall built? This must be linked in to the longer term situation over
Germany and Berlin in particular and the failure of the Superpowers to find an acceptable solution to the berlin problem. Focus also on the “brain drain” from East to
West.
The West’s reaction to the building of the Wall
The impact of the Berlin Wall on Superpower relations o ‘Solidarity’ in Poland. The rise, actions and significance of Solidarity o Gorbachev and the collapse of the Soviet Empire. Focus on:
The nature of the USSR in the early 1980s. Political, economic and social
Gorbachev’s objectives in introducing change
The nature of the changes introduced by Gorbachev. Glasnost and Perestroika.
The extent to which Gorbachev’s reforms failed
The collapse of Soviet control of Eastern Europe
D) Why did events in the Gulf matter c.1970-2000?
KES handout
Walsh: Chapter 7
Tyrants and Dictators DVD
Gulf War 1991 DVD
Focus Points
• Why was Saddam Hussein able to come to power in Iraq?
• What was the nature of Saddam Hussein’s rule in Iraq?
• Why was there a revolution in Iran in 1979?
• What were the causes and consequences of the Iran–Iraq War, 1980–88?
• Why did the First Gulf War take place?
Specified Content
• The rise to power of Saddam Hussein in Iraq
• The rule of Saddam Hussein up to 2000, and the consequences of his rule for different groups in Iraq
• The nature of the Shah’s rule in Iran and the Iranian Revolution of 1979
• The causes and consequences of the Iran–Iraq War, 1980–88; Western involvement in the war
• The causes, course and consequences of the Gulf War, 1990–91. Saddam Hussein in Iraq 1991-2000

Walsh: Chapter 9
McAleavy: 220-269
DVD “The Nazis: A Warning from History”
DVD “The Dark Charisma of Adolf Hitler”
DVD “Swing Kids” (Nazi youth policy)
DVD “Boy in the Striped Pyjamas”
DVD “Valkyrie”
DVD “Downfall”
DVD “Hitler: The Rise of Evil”
1) Was the Weimar Republic doomed from the start?
Focus Points
• How did Germany emerge from defeat at the end of the First World War?
Economic
Social
Political. o The Revolution of 1918-19 and the establishment of the Republic o The Weimar Constitution. Strengths and weaknesses o Explanation of the spectrum of the political ideas and parties that emerged at the end of the war. o Idea of the “November Criminals” and the “Stab in the Back”.
Psychological. Casualties and war dead. Notion of a nation in mourning. Discussion about how this might affect future political development.
• What was the economic and political impact of the Treaty of Versailles on the Republic?
Understanding of the specific terms of the Treaty
Analysis of political opposition to Versailles. The political disorder of 1920-23. Threats from Left and Right; Spartacists, Bavaria, agitation in the Ruhr in 1920, Kapp Putsch, political violence in early 1920s, the Munich Putsch. For each of these pupils must know the causes/objectives of the specific uprising, the methods taken by the government to deal with and a clear explanation of the ultimate failure.
Explanation of why the Weimar Republic survived this period.
Economic impact of Versailles. Economic distress and hyper-inflation; the occupation of the Ruhr and the causes and impact of hyper-inflation
Analysis of the situation in Germany in 1924
• To what extent did the Republic recover after 1923?
The Stresemann era o Recovery at home. Economic, political, cultural achievements o Recovery abroad o Continuing weaknesses/problems
• What were the achievements of the Weimar period?
Possible essay: To what extent did Weimar Germany recover in the period 1923-29? o Focus on achievements but also stress the importance of advantageous background factors and the continuing underlying weaknesses of the Republic

2) Why was Hitler able to dominate Germany by 1934?
Focus Points
• What did the Nazi Party stand for in the 1920s?
The early years of the Nazi Party; Nazi ideas and methods; the Munich Putsch and its importance in the development of the Nazi Party with particular stress on its impact on the position of Hitler as a national politician and the change of tactics towards a policy of electoral politics.
Focus on the structural changes introduced by Hitler during the “wilderness years” up to 1928/9
• Why did the Nazis have little success before 1930?
Focus on statistical evidence for Nazis as fringe party in period 1924-30.
Focus on the broad irrelevance of the Nazis during a time of domestic prosperity and foreign policy success
• Why was Hitler able to become Chancellor by 1933?
Electoral evidence of growing Nazi support 1928-32.
Stress the changed circumstances of 1930-33: o Impact of the Wall Street Crash and Great Depression on Germany. Economic and social impact o The political crisis brought on by the Depression in Germany. The apparent inability of the Government to deal with the crisis
Explanation of how the political, social and economic crisis played into Hitler’s hands by making his message, for the first time, of relevance to a greater proportion of German society but also make clear that other factors were at work; Hitler’s oratorical and political skills, Nazi propaganda, Nazi funding, Nazi political structure, the nature of Nazi campaigning the inability of the opposition groups to find coherence and unity. The idea of “negative cohesion”
Analysis of which particular social and economic groups voted for Hitler
Back room political deals in late 1932/January 1933 o Evidence of second 1932 Reichstag elections. Had the tide turned for the Nazis? o Roles and intentions of Von Papen, Hitler and Hindenburg
• How did Hitler consolidate his power in 1933–4?
For each major event pupils must be aware of the chronological details and also understand why the particular event contributed to the growing strength of the Nazi regime:
The Reichstag Fire, the election of 1933 and the Enabling Act
The removal of potential external opposition
The Night of the Long Knives
The introduction of new methods of control and repression
The Death of Hindenburg; the Army’s oath of loyalty to the new “Fuhrer”
3) The Nazi regime a) How effectively did the Nazis control Germany, 1933–45?
Focus Points
• How much opposition was there to the Nazi regime?
Analysis of specific examples of opposition: o Edelweiss Pirates

o Swing movement o The Churches o The July 1944 Bomb Plot
Analysis of why there was little opposition: o Popularity of Hitler o Self interest o Fear/ the reality of the Nazi police state o The Nazi Propaganda machine
• How effectively did the Nazis deal with their political opponents?
Analysis of the Nazi police state: o SS and Gestapo o The Police and the Courts o Concentration Camps
• How did the Nazis use culture and the mass media to control the people? o The aims of Nazi Propaganda o The role of Goebbels o Nazi control over the media and culture o Nazi propaganda methods e.g. rallies and 1936 Olympics
• Why did the Nazis persecute many groups in German society? o Explanation of why the Nazis persecuted minority groups:
 Ideological and practical reasons
 Identification of target groups o Understanding of the details of Nazi policy of persecution with particular emphasis on:

The treatment of Jews in Germany up to 1939

The experience of homosexuals, gypsies and the mentally and physically handicapped under Nazi rule.
(b) What was it like to live in Nazi Germany?
Broad theme: the attempt to create the “Volksgemeinschaft”
Focus Points
• How did young people react to the Nazi regime?
Analysis of the aims of Nazi policy as regards young people and explanation of why these aims were of such importance to the Nazis
The methods of achieving these goals: o Education system o Propaganda o Youth Groups
Analysis of the impact of the policies. A range of responses from full acceptance and enthusiastic response to outright opposition
• How successful were Nazi policies towards women and the family?
Analysis of the aims of Nazi policy as regards women and the family and explanation of why these aims were of such importance to the Nazis
The methods of achieving these goals:

o Attempts to raise the birth rate o Attempts to encourage marriage o Attempts to remove women from work o Propaganda
Analysis of the impact of these policies. Increased birth rate? Women’s growing role in the workplace as the economy improved?
• Did most people in Germany benefit from Nazi rule?
Focus on the specific groups within Germany and understanding of whether their experience was a positive or negative one: o Employment o Workers o Farmers o Minorities o Young People o Women o Big business and the middle classes o Party members
• How did the coming of war change life in Nazi Germany?
To what extent were the lives of Germans affected by the war? o The conversion to a war economy o The changing nature of popular support for the Nazi regime. Early enthusiasm followed by disillusionment and opposition. Impact of bombing o The Final Solution. The radicalisation of policy towards the Jews, ghettos, einsatzgruppen and mass murder culminating in the establishment of the Death Camps. Why was the policy introduced? Understanding of the machinery of genocide.