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Codes
Strategies to enhance CT
Transcribed Data
P 8: What can teachers do to enhance students’ critical thinking?
I appreciate my teacher for enhancing our critical thinking. They focus on that we
Brainstorming & analyzing
should have brainstorming, learn things and analyze things and we apply those in
Any comments
I wonder why some
students are unable to
follow my simple
instructions???
our practical life. For example there is a scenario and think about it and critically
act upon it. For example our teachers ask question and answers for that. They ask
Inferring CT with real life
experience situation
different question related to different scenarios, and we tell the answer. In this way
our knowledge enhances and whatever the ideas come to our brain we share with
our teachers and we get brainstorming about that. We discuss on different topics,
Strategy: Discussion in class
i.e in class room every teacher gives us ideas and clues etc which become very
helpful for us. Teachers do demonstration in skills lab about any skills, practice or
Rationalize and Relate things
for sign off. Which is very beneficial for use. Before coming to this field we did
not have these ideas. They rationalize things and relate also. They give us any
scenario to think about it in different angles. Teacher are helpful for us to think
Teacher role/style
things about different angles and what will be the possibilities of the answer of the
question. Teacher’s teaching style is also very helpful for us to read and how the
things can be analyzed practically? Teacher should make his teaching style
according to learner’s need. Because when we come after FSC we don’t know
Explanation & Integration
about nursing profession that much but teacher’s become very helpful us. They
explain everything for us, they explain us the rational and teach us by integrating
that. They teach us practically which help us in brainstroming. We came in first
Teacher styles to be
prob, how was it
helpful to improve
CT?
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year, there was no idea of critical thinking but now it is much better than before.
Reflection: I feel about the interview that the participant was not properly prepared
for interview. Though she tried to explain the strategies to provoke critical thinking
but it was not in a not in a sequences. I also didn’t ask any probing word are
sentence to facilitate her.
P 9:.What teachers can do to enhance students' critical thinking?
Strategies: Reinforcement
Inferring in real situation
Encouragement
Brainstorming
Demonstration
Teaching Style
"teachers are using many strategies to enhance students' critical thinking from year
one teachers are reinforcing to judge everything critically, use of critical thinking
in every scenario.when we face any sort of problem we should analyze the
problem and to solve it we should use critical thinking.whenever we go on
clinicals and when we do case study or come accross any live experience .teachers
encourage us to participate and to think critically if we were in the place of staff
what would we do.they take feedback from us.teachers encourage us for
brainstromming.if any case happened through brainstroming they teach us how to
handle the situation.teachers demonstrate and expect us redemonstrate practical
skills.furthermore,teachers should encourage interactive sessions.teaching style
should be intresting so that students grab every point and will not get
bored.students attention will not get diverted.teachers should provide examples
from their past experience to handle the scenario.they should make
Why quotation Marks
are used?
Many spelling errors
How demonstration
help in improving CT?
What teachers can do to enhance students' critical thinking?"teachers are using
many strategies to enhance students' critical thinking.from year one teachers are
Repetition of ideas
reinforcing to judge everything critically,use of critical thinking in every
scenario.when we face any sort of problem we should analyze the problem and to
solve it we should use critical thinking.whenever, we go on clinicals and when we
do case study or come accross any live experience teachers encourage us to
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participate and allow us think if were were inplace of them how would we have
handled it.teachers should not discourage students if they have asked any question
and student doesnot know exact answer.teacher should acknowledge the students
answer by encouraging it could be possible and encourage him to think differently
for more possible answers.teachers should not discourage students by directly
saying you are wrong.everyone thinks differently and in unique way.that
uniqueness is critical thinking.questions should be asked to enhance our thinking
which ultimately enhance our reflexes."
Defining Concept:
P 10: What do you know about the critical thinking? Critical thinking is the
ability to think with rationally. If we have assigned a topic for critical thinking, so
Strategies to enhance:
we need to brain storm focus on over views about the particular topic or question.
Exploring connection and ideas. How a teacher can increase critical thinking
Open ended discussion
It can be Increase by asking open ended question. Encourage students by assigning
Task oriented assignment in the
class, Puzzle game
activity for example how to comment on a picture. Define with own idea. Will you
Problem based learning
solving activity. Critical thinking can be increased by assigning Self-study to
elaborate? Critical thinking can be enhanced by assigning puzzle and problem
students. It also increases with guidance. Critical thinking can be increased by
Self-reflection
assigning Self-study to students. It also increases with guidance You told me that
critical thinking is the ability to think critically and rationally and my second
question was how a teacher can increase critical thinking you told Critical
thinking can be enhanced by assigning puzzle and problem solving activity.
Thank you so much, has a good day.
RG: Needed probingon How self-study
enhance CT?
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Defining Concept:
P 11: I think it is some sort of thinking through which we analyse a problem
objectively and try to know about its know-how followed by taking actions and
then seeing the outcomes. The more you are experienced, knowledgeable and
having strong observation ability, the more you will have critical thinking. Is there
Seems out of context
any subject included in your course? No! So far we have not studied any subject
discussion, brief
on critical thinking but I think there is no need to include it as a subject. It's human
difficult to know the
own ability. Do you think it should be included as a subject in your course?
concepts and pattern
Obviously! I think it should be included in our course and even better if it is
Lack of listening
developed in Childern during their primary education. What are the advantages
of Critical Thinking? It is beneficial in many ways. If developed it will help you
taking big decisions that not only benefit Nursing Staff but also the patients. What
Close ended question
are the barriers in developing critical thinking? There are multiple problems
like mis-understanding, poor comminication skills, lack of reasoning, groups
RG: Doesn’t make
discussion, presentations and play methodology.
sense-needed probing
P 12: How teacher can develop critical thinking among students? Yes, teacher
Strategy:
Methods of teaching
can develop critical thinking in students by changing their method of teaching
instead of only lecture method they can students engage students in different
activities during class, group discussion is one best method for clearance of
Group discussion
concept. It gives us a different prospective of single events or situation. How
Inferring Concept in
experience
group discussion is helpful for development of critical thinking? Ok, I give you
an example, in my mental health subject the topic of obsessive compulsive
disorder was taught and my concept is about obsessive compulsive is only an act
Good probing
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of repeated hand washing but when we discuss this topic in a class group, than
[smile] I come to know that it is repeated thoughts that compel the person to do
repeated acts, that would be of any type, means the ideas become more clear. And
remaining concepts become clearer with question and answer secession...means…
humm…. these different activities collectively can develop critical thinking. In
last, how you sum up your point of view? Teacher can develop critical thinking
Two way process:
Role of Teacher and students
in students, but teacher have a main role in it …pause [worry] I means it is a two
way process. Teachers do their best but if the students are not interested, instead of
participating in class activities they said these activities are just time wasting, so
that it will not work. When both students and teachers are interested for that than
…. It will work.
Defining Concept
P13: What is critical thinking? Critical thinking is the cognitive skill on the basis
Need to prob Cognitive
of which one reaches to the etiology of a phenomenon.
Skills
Can you give me an example of critical thinking? {Filtering thoughts- Long
Inferring use of CT
Pause} if a drug shows allergic reaction then we thought critically that why it
happened and what was the cause behind its occurring.
What is the best strategy to enhance the critical thinking in students?
Strategy: Asking question,
reading
{thinking} by asking questions and showing picture ,furthermore, rereading is also
a best way to enhance critical thinking in students.
Very little info
Needed probing.
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P 14:
My first question is what do you think about critical thinking? Interviewee:
Inferring use of CT
Is this a clear question?
critical thinking ( pause of thinking) we would analyze our process of thinking in
different situation, do our observations based thinking and sort out any strategy by
bringing all the information in use. Find out solutions to any problem. We can do
critical thinking in different situation based on our knowledge and practice. Like
first of all, we, whatever the situation is observe, analyze, can set strategies and for
Strategy for enhance CT
achieving goals can work on strategies. Can make different strategies. By keeping
(Observe, analyze)
in view our previous experience, research studies and past experiences we can
enhance our critical thinking. For different situation and different outcomes, we
can reanalysis same situation in different times. To work on critical thinking our
Knowledge requires
knowledge is of utmost importance in any situation. On different points, if we will
have knowledge than we will be able to do critical thinking. Interviewer: ok my
Group activities
next question to you is what role teachers can play in it? How can teacher
Better to state [pause
enhance critical thinking? Interviewee: teachers ( thinking) can assign us
for coughing]
different group activities. Other than that ( coughing) can give us different
scenarios in group activities, can give us different scenarios individually, can send
us to different places for observation (pause), can send us to different departments.
Problem solving based
assignments/Topics
For example if they are sending us in different departments, can give us points or
clues for critical thinking, can give us issues for problem solving, can judge our
opinion on it, can look over our observations, can even give us assignments on
different case studies in different class scenarios in which we can individually
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[cough] or in group can plan strategies to work on critical thinking, other than that
group presentations can be planned ( aw.. thinking) on different topics, we can do
short or long term discussions, short term discussion can be held in which we
should be given time frames scenarios and be expected to achieve outcomes in
Need to prob short &
long-term discussion
Reflections/discussion/Evaluation given time. While using critical thinking and in different scenarios maybe can sort
out different outcomes in different scenarios. Other than that analyze and interpret
Analyze /Interpretation
our skills and can compile our observations in written form to compare.
Prob to know about
interpret our skills
P 15
Strategy: Brainstorming
Ok let me tell you few step or few things that can teacher do, it can encourage the
students or do not always jump in between Brain storming or classifying and
categories compare and contrast and many more things to do in which to make
connections provide group opportunities and many more. What do you mean by
do not always jump to help? AHHHHH There are many types of student in the
Sharing of ideas /Explore ideas
class some who need your help some do not need and some always need help if
you always there to help them they were never do anything by their own ways so it
is necessary that you provide to give them opportunities to do something to open
their minds to think. Ok and what about brains storming before everything you
do? Ahhh the same as I said before that this is necessary for a student to be open
minded if his or her brain is open it is necessary the teacher should brainstorm the
student .when a student is open minded and think positive and think good it will be
Need to prob about
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good for the student ok Now you told me about the importance of brain
storming before everything you do. Now what about the classifying and
categories or what do you mean by the classifying and categories?
Self-reflection
When we talk about any task there are many verities of things and objects, so it
should categorize to student and many self questions as well, because when we
give task to student a teacher should know that a student is capable for that or not,
so when you are giving the task it should be categorize classified as well and you
Division of task
should ask the student either he is able to do or not ok and if I talk about the next
which is compare and contrast Ahhh the teacher and student must compare the last
topic or last week with the today’s topic because it is necessary that what he learnt
before and what he is doing now. it will improve his critical thinking or thinking to
improve his critical thinking because when the teacher and students start to
compare the things it will help him to improve the things.ok After that the teacher
should make the connection about his life experience, connection to old and new
things, all the thing happening around him and everything related to task to display
clear picture for the students and in the last I will talk about the group
Group activities/work
opportunities. Teacher should provide the group opportunities to understand each
other and related to task because state of mind level is different from one person to
other. So group opportunities are very necessary to enhance critical thinking.
P 16: Tell me that what can teachers usually do enhance student’s critical
Strategy to enhance:
thinking?
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Group activities
Usually they make Groups for discussions so that students can share ideas with each
Visual aids
other. They Use visual aids like maps, charts, objects, pictures etc. and left us to
think, then ask us what we understood from these aids. Okay good! Now being a
student if I want you to suggest what teachers should do to enhance students’
critical thinking then what will suggest? Hmmmmm […] a bit difficult question.
Reasoning
The teacher should pose a yes/no question then ask the student to write an answer
with supportive reasoning. Means If YES then Why yes and/or if NO then why no.
Reinforcement by asking
questions
In my perspective teachers should emphases on students’ reasoning and they should
reinforce on the questions like how, what, so what and now what. What do you mean
by “WHAT”? What mean: When Students summarize the most important ideas from
the lecture or assigned reading material. And what do you mean by “SO WHAT”?
So What means after getting ideas from given material or lectures then students
should asked to determine what is important about the ideas they just listed. Why do
Reflection/Brainstorm ideas
they matter? What difference do they make? What about” NOW WHAT” Now
What means after getting ideas and determining its importance by asking question
to self that why do they matter? And what difference do they make? Then Finally,
students brainstorm actions what can they do about the problem or issue? So that
they can easily go for a decision or judgment. Anything else? I think teachers can
improve students' critical thinking in a different ways like self-explanation strategies
Class activities/Group activities
….on specific problems ….to help students to build an understanding of the process
of critical thinking…. As well as …class room activities can also improve this
process in a different ways. For example ….. I would like to say that if teachers
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provide questions and activities to the students and then ask them to draw
conclusions from the evidence they gathered and then share these solutions with all
Problem based learning
class is very effective sort of thing to improve critical thinking among students.
And….Scenario based questions are very helpful in this way…. For example in my
case…. when some teacher give me a situation and then ask me to explain what
should I need to do at that time….. then I think I learnt a lot and by these type of
activities critical thinking can be improved…..Okay ,fine any other strategy which
you want to share regarding this question?Ammm…..moreover, teacher can push
students to monitor and re-examine their results …. answers, findings and these
type of things …..throughout the semester. By this they can improve critical thinking
among students. Yes of course…I think providing different activities that make
students to think about what they have done, what they learned, and what they still
need to do. I think these type of things will more effective in this regard
P17: ’what can teachers do to enhance students’ critical thinking in class-room.
Ok ahhhh basically ahhh image of critical thinking in my mind that how can we
Inferring use of CT
activate our expression in systematically or logically and whatever teacher
teaches me, how I should to storm my brain by perceive. If teacher is enhancing
critical thinking they should be in comfort zone. A strict teacher or authoritative
teacher ahhh….. (pause ), with them student never….like me for example my
brian can never generate or give overview or idea about CT I will just attend class
in that pressure I will…., will be waiting for the hours to end up with the class and
Need to prob, comfort
zone, strict and
authoritative teacher
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Strategies:
I will ran away from the class. Anyways i had some good teachers whose in my
Role of teacher
BS…in my post RN, enhance my CT and with that reason in am forwarding my
things, so in that one thing is maintain comfort level , after that brainstorming
with different ideas then 3rd thing is that they give time on reflection that what do
Reflection back
Problem based learning
you think reflect on this thing , and by give real life problem in education or by
giving nursing scenarios , enhance CT in my view this is very good thing ahh…that
students errr … should be …eh …ask about the real life or talk on the evidence
Brainstorming and discussion
base problems or doing brainstorming or discussion method enhance CT in this if
my any area is raw area which need to be groom .. that raw area … so until I will
not speak up to my teacher in a very soft and easy ways until that in my CT flaw
cant not be identified not the ….( incomplete sentence ) when they will listen me
then my inner thing which I adapted will be happen. So I think giving time for
Reflection/Group discussion
reflection, group base discussion, on real life problems or for doing brain storming
, to do talk, or any probe…giving pining point in my view a good teacher can
enhance CT in the student Well… well, now.. experiences you had your Real life
experience in you BSN year one or year two means whatever the strategies (jo
jo b cheizian ) and method your teachers had used , and with that your CT
enhanced , which you have told me that discussion and time for reflection,
beside that what else you teachers do in the class room to enhance your CT? To
JIGSAW Method
enhance critical thinking the …that (thinking ).. JIGSAW ..JIGSAW method was,
that was new for me when I was in first semester of my post RN so what they
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have done was… they facilitate for the review of articles, there were five articles
for review and they made five group Group 1 2 3 4 5 …for the badge of 50
student…. (theek ha na to) assign one article to each group …but we were not
understanding that we will only review one article and what will be done with the
rest of four articles, so they (teacher) ask, when we sit for that told us that we
have 25 minutes and in 5 mints every person will present the assign article, and to
shuffle the article (with the assign person) to the other group, so basically that
was review of 5 article in 25 mints in 5groups with jigsaw method. I like that thing
Was that JIGSAW
very much that a day before I was thinking that I will review only assign article
Method helful?
but not rest of 4 …so (laughing ) I was a smart student so I review little bit rest of
4 articles as well , that I might be possible that they ask questions out of them so I
should be smart enough…that’s why I read other 4 …..but obviously teacher is
always teacher so they are one step ahead , so when they mix us through jigsaw
method in the other groups , so there were a new person in every group, new
communication skills developed, that person’s errr took five minutes to transfer
Review
the approach to me , have to review article completely and all the key term from
that and all the things .so I review5 articles in 25 minutes with this method So
with this you crital thinking enhanced? Critical thinking enhanced that this
Sharing of ideas in class
method is also a good method that when you give your knowledge toward another person so the other person also on the same pace (give knowledge).out of
that the girl of 4th group was not enough expressive but teacher came to her and
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told her that speak up where you will stop I will give you key points so I think
teacher’s support is also very support that teacher should be on the back of the
student. There always be a shining stars so that shing start to shine teacher’s
(emphysizing ) itself shine is very much important