Laboratory Equipment
Introduction
Heraeus is a leading provider of precious
metal services and products. Our core
competence comprises the manufacture
and processing of precious metal materials that require complex processing techniques. For more than 150 years Heraeus
has produced high-quality platinum products, backed by a team of experienced
chemists and metallurgists. These products include platinum crucibles, dishes
and lids used for various fusion or melting
processes in the analytical lab.
Standard
Laboratory Equipment
The use of precious metals is still essential because of their excellent chemical
resistance to aggressive media. Precious
metals remain stable even at high temperatures.
Reinforced Rim
XRF Programme
Accessories
The stability of dishes can be increased
with the addition of a reinforced rim.
Rather than simply increasing the thickness of the upper rim, Heraeus goes a
step further with the addition of an inlaid,
welded platinum wire. This wire reduces
the “wrinkling effect” that most platinum
dishes experience, therefore leading to
increased life, an easier dish to clean and
maintain, and the reduction in sample
contamination.
Dispersion Hardened (DPH) Alloy
Through a special process, Heraeus has
created a Dispersion Hardened (DPH)
alloy. The inclusion of finely dispersed
zirconia offers an economical way to
increase the mechanical strength of the
product resulting in longer service times.
As a leading manufacturer, Heraeus offers
a wide range of standardized platinum
labware directly from stock. Covering all
lab applications, Heraeus offers worldclass quality at competitive pricing. With
our recycling programme used labware can
be returned to recover your investment.
We look forward to assisting you in the
choice of materials, technical design and
the handling of your precious metal pro­
ducts.
Precious Metal
Semifinished Products
Precious metals are employed in nearly all branches of industry, for instance as:
High Strength DPH Alloys
material for crucibles in wet
A
chemical and X-ray fluorescence
analysis or ignition
n inert material for instruments
A
to determine chemical and physical
properties
material for electrodes in analysis
A
and measurement techniques
orrosion resistant materials for use
C
in chemical plants
2
A material for space technology
material for reaction tubes
A
in the polymer industry
A material for growing single crystals
aterials for lining melting tanks
M
in the glass industry
material for glass fibre bushings
A
and thermocouple thimbles
Introduction
Important Note on Handling:
New items made of precious metals
should not touch each other when they
are used for the first time in a muffle
furnace. Due to the smooth surface the
parts weld together. For this reason care
must always be taken to keep sufficient
distance between them. A new crucible
or a new dish should not be covered
with a new lid.
To prevent contamination with platinum
poisons, which eventually lead to premature failure of the equipment, crucibles
and dishes should only be handled with
crucible tongs or tweezers with platinum
shoes (see our range of accessories on
page 18).
For further hints on handling platinum
see pages 24 – 28.
3
Crucibles – High Form
Crucibles, high form
Working
capacity
[ml]
T
H
TD
BD
5
8
10
12
15
20
25
30
40
50
75
100
Internal diameter
Height
Weight
[mm]
[mm]
[g]
top
TD
bottom
BD
H
19
22
24
26
28
30
34
36
40
45
53
56
12
13
14
16
17
18
20
22
25
27
32
35
25
27
28
29
33
35
38
40
45
48
56
60
5
6
8
10
12
18
21
25
30
36
56
66
Heraeus
drawing
Article Number
Ti 1/1
Ti 1/2
Ti 1/3
Ti 1/4
Ti 1/5
Ti 1/6
Ti 1/7
Ti 1/8
Ti 1/9
Ti 1/10
Ti 1/11
Ti 1/12
87000869
87000870
87000871
87000872
87000873
87000874
87000875
87000876
87000877
87000878
87008452
87008453
The weights given refer to Platinum.
Crucibles, high form, with reinforced rim
Working
capacity
[ml]
T
H
TD
BD
5
8
10
12
15
20
25
30
40
50
75
100
Internal ­diameter
Height
Weight
[mm]
[mm]
[g]
top
TD
bottom
BD
H
19
22
24
26
28
30
34
36
40
45
53
56
12
13
14
16
17
18
20
22
25
27
32
35
25
27
28
29
33
35
38
40
45
48
56
60
The weights given refer to Platinum.
4
7
7
9
11
13
19
22
27
32
38
58
68
Heraeus
drawing
Article Number
Ti 2/1
Ti 2/2
Ti 2/3
Ti 2/4
Ti 2/5
Ti 2/6
Ti 2/7
Ti 2/8
Ti 2/9
Ti 2/10
Ti 2/11
Ti 2/12
87009306
87043265
87042757
87008532
87008533
87008534
87008535
87008536
87008537
87008538
87003349
87008540
Crucibles – Wide Form
Crucibles, wide form
Height
Weight
[mm]
[mm]
[g]
Heraeus
drawing
Article Number
top
TD
bottom
BD
H
26
28
29
30
32
34
36
38
45
50
55
62
16
18
18
18
19
22
22
22
25
30
36
40
20
23
24
25
27
30
32
34
40
42
45
48
5
6
8
10
12
18
21
25
30
36
56
66
Ti 3/1
Ti 3/2
Ti 3/3
Ti 3/4
Ti 3/5
Ti 3/6
Ti 3/7
Ti 3/8
Ti 3/9
Ti 3/10
Ti 3/11
Ti 3/12
87043130
87008531
87043919
87008628
87044843
87026734
87048136
87008632
87008633
87042560
87005488
87008636
Internal ­diameter
Height
Weight
Article Number
[mm]
[mm]
[g]
Heraeus
drawing
Ti 4/1
Ti 4/2
Ti 4/3
Ti 4/4
Ti 4/5
Ti 4/6
Ti 4/7
Ti 4/8
Ti 4/9
Ti 4/10
Ti 4/11
Ti 4/12
81136013
81025084
81020751
87008689
81015438
87050943
81018439
87045584
87048712
81003141
81003839
87050709
TD
H
5
8
10
12
15
20
25
30
40
50
75
100
Internal ­diameter
T
Working
capacity
[ml]
BD
The weights given refer to Platinum.
Crucibles, wide form, with reinforced rim
bottom
BD
H
26
28
29
30
32
34
36
38
45
50
55
62
16
18
18
18
19
22
22
22
25
30
36
40
20
23
24
25
27
30
32
34
40
42
45
48
7
7
10
11
13
19
22
25
33
38
56
68
H
5
8
10
12
15
20
25
30
40
50
75
100
top
TD
TD
T
Working
capacity
[ml]
BD
The weights given refer to Platinum.
5
Dishes – Cylindrical Form
Dishes, cylindrical form
Working
capacity
[ml]
T
H
D
Ø internal
(D)
[mm]
Height
(H)
[mm]
Weight
[g]
Heraeus
drawing
Execution
Article Number
20
40
20
8
Scha 1/1
with pouring lip
87000897
40
50
25
13
Scha 1/2
with pouring lip
87000898
60
60
30
20
Scha 1/3
with pouring lip
87000899
80
65
33
25
Scha 1/4
with pouring lip
87000900
100
70
35
36
Scha 1/5
with pouring lip
87001402
130
75
38
40
Scha 1/6
with pouring lip
87001403
150
80
40
48
Scha 1/7
with pouring lip
87001404
200
90
45
60
Scha 1/8
with pouring lip
87001405
300
100
50
90
Scha 1/9
with pouring lip
87008794
400
110
55
113
Scha 1/10
with pouring lip
81136472
500
120
60
130
Scha 1/11
with pouring lip
81114230
600
130
65
157
Scha 1/12
with pouring lip
87042108
The weights given refer to Platinum.
Dishes, cylindrical form without pouring lip
Working
capacity
[ml]
T
H
D
Ø internal
(D)
[mm]
Height
(H)
[mm]
[g]
Heraeus
drawing
Execution
Article Number
20
40
20
8
Scha 2/1
without pouring lip
87008951
40
50
25
13
Scha 2/2
without pouring lip
87020213
60
60
30
20
Scha 2/3
without pouring lip
87013313
80
65
33
25
Scha 2/4
without pouring lip
87013315
100
70
35
37
Scha 2/5
without pouring lip
87013316
130
75
38
40
Scha 2/6
without pouring lip
87013319
150
80
40
48
Scha 2/7
without pouring lip
87013104
200
90
45
60
Scha 2/8
without pouring lip
87013011
300
100
50
90
Scha 2/9
without pouring lip
87008758
400
110
55
113
Scha 2/10
without pouring lip
81009749
500
120
60
130
Scha 2/11
without pouring lip
5017912
600
130
65
157
Scha 2/12
without pouring lip
5019215
The weights given refer to Platinum.
6
Weight
Dishes – Cylindrical Form
Dishes, cylindrical form with reinforced rim
Height
(H)
[mm]
Weight
[g]
Heraeus
drawing
Execution
Article Number
20
40
20
9
Scha 3/1
with pouring lip
87008846
40
50
25
15
Scha 3/2
with pouring lip
87008927
60
60
30
22
Scha 3/3
with pouring lip
87008848
80
65
33
27
Scha 3/4
with pouring lip
87008849
100
70
35
40
Scha 3/5
with pouring lip
87008850
130
75
38
43
Scha 3/6
with pouring lip
87008851
150
80
40
52
Scha 3/7
with pouring lip
87008852
200
90
45
64
Scha 3/8
with pouring lip
87008853
300
100
50
94
Scha 3/9
with pouring lip
87008854
400
110
55
118
Scha 3/10
with pouring lip
5019216
500
120
60
135
Scha 3/11
with pouring lip
5019217
600
130
65
163
Scha 3/12
with pouring lip
81021040
D
H
Ø internal
(D)
[mm]
T
Working
capacity
[ml]
The weights given refer to Platinum.
Dishes, cylindrical form with reinforced rim, without pouring lip
Height
(H)
[mm]
Weight
[g]
Heraeus
drawing
Execution
Article Number
20
40
20
9
Scha 4/1
without pouring lip
87028219
40
50
25
15
Scha 4/2
without pouring lip
87016222
60
60
30
22
Scha 4/3
without pouring lip
87008954
80
65
33
27
Scha 4/4
without pouring lip
87020057
100
70
35
40
Scha 4/5
without pouring lip
87016702
130
75
38
43
Scha 4/6
without pouring lip
87017936
150
80
40
52
Scha 4/7
without pouring lip
87016719
200
90
45
64
Scha 4/8
without pouring lip
87028488
300
100
50
94
Scha 4/9
without pouring lip
87003728
400
110
55
118
Scha 4/10
without pouring lip
5019218
500
120
60
135
Scha 4/11
without pouring lip
5019219
600
130
65
163
Scha 4/12
without pouring lip
81016131
D
H
Ø internal
(D)
[mm]
T
Working
capacity
[ml]
The weights given refer to Platinum.
7
Lids for Crucibles and Dishes
Lids suitable for crucibles and dishes
H
D
Ø (D)
[mm]
Height (H)
[mm]
Thickness
[mm]
Weight
[g]
Heraeus drawing
18
2.00
0.15
2
Tid 1/1
87000879
21
3.00
0.15
2
Tid 1/2
87000880
23
3.00
0.15
3
Tid 1/3
87000881
25
3.00
0.15
3
Tid 1/4
87000882
27
3.00
0.15
3
Tid 1/5
87000883
29
3.00
0.15
4
Tid 1/6
87000884
33
3.00
0.15
5
Tid 1/7
87000885
35
3.00
0.15
5
Tid 1/8
87000886
87000887
39
3.50
0.15
7
Tid 1/9 / Schad 1/1
44
4.00
0.15
9
Tid 1/10
87000888
52
4.00
0.15
11
Tid 1/11
87008746
55
3.00
0.15
12
Tid 1/12
87008747
49
3.50
0.15
9
Schad 1/2
87009048
59
4.00
0.15
14
Schad 1/3
87008931
64
4.50
0.15
15
Schad 1/4
87009153
69
5.00
0.15
18
Schad 1/5
87009061
74
5.00
0.15
20
Schad 1/6
87008983
79
6.00
0.15
24
Schad 1/7
87014495
89
7.00
0.15
31
Schad 1/8
87042963
99
8.00
0.15
38
Schad 1/9
87014752
109
9.00
0.15
48
Schad 1/10
81055317
119
10.00
0.15
58
Schad 1/11
5018633
129
12.00
0.15
66
Schad 1/12
81065043
Lids have a flange and are formed with a grip for better handling.
They can be supplied for all our standard crucibles and dishes.
8
Article Number
XRF Programme
Crucibles and casting dishes for the preparation of samples for X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF)
XRF is used for routine quality assurance
of the production in many branches of
industry. For example, in iron and steel,
manufacture of cement, animal feed,
fertilizer, refractories, and in all fields of
metal processing, the analysis of samples
which have been homogenized by a fusion
process is achieving ever increasing importance compared to the direct analysis of
powder compacts.
Numerous manufacturers offer fusion
equipment for the manual, semi-automatic
or fully automatic preparation of samples
for XRF analysis.
On the following pages you will find the
appropriate crucibles, lids and casting
dishes for the most commonly used fusion
devices.
The inner surface of casting dishes must
be smooth, bright and very flat in order to
obtain a microscopically smooth ­surface
on the fused bead. Beam scatter­ing
caused by surface effects could lead to
false interpretation of the analysis results.
Therefore, all our casting dishes undergo
a post-treatment and a particu­larly critical
final inspection.
The good stability of platinum, even in
the 1100 – 1200° C temperature range,
is further improved by the addition of 5 %
gold. The alloy has higher strength and,
in particular when melting silicates, a low
wettability so that the melt can be removed
easily from the crucibles and casting dishes.
Articles made of Platinum / Gold 95 / 5 %
DPH are characterised by a further
increase in strength and reduction in grain
growth. Their use is to be recommended
especially at temperatures above 1150° C
as it results in a prolongation of the service
life.
The range of designs and sizes of special
crucibles and casting dishes is being
­constantly extended and adapted to new
generations of equipment and analysis
procedures.
We are pleased to support you in new
developments and special wishes.
9
XRF Programme – Autofluxer and Vulcan
Crucibles in Platinum / Gold 95 / 5 % suitable for Autofluxer and Vulcan
Internal diameter
[mm]
top
bottom
TD
BD
3 or 4 pins,
with or without supp. ring
T
H
TD
Height
[mm]
Weight
approx. [g]
Execution
Article
Number
H
34
34
20
20
38
38
25
43
34
20
38
44
34
20
38
51
3 pins, with pouring lip
3 pins on support ring, with pouring lip
3 pins on support ring with reinforced
rim, with pouring lip
3 pins on support ring with reinforced
rim, with pouring lip
87004033
87043878
87014866
81083378
BD
TD
TD
Lids in Platinum / Gold 95 / 5 % suitable for Autofluxer and Vulcan
Internal diameter
[mm]
Weight
approx. [g]
Execution
Article
Number
D
45
40
D
14
9
2 pins (straight)
2 pins (bended)
80019941
81103169
D
Casting dishes in Platinum / Gold 95 / 5 % suitable for Autofluxer and Vulcan
Total flange
­diameter [mm]
T
H
TD
BD
W
10
W
41
41
41
41
51
51
51
51
Internal diameter
[mm]
top
bottom
TD
BD
31
31
34
34
36
36
41
41
29
29
32
32
34
34
39
39
Height
[mm]
Weight
approx. [g]
Execution
Article
Number
H
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
27
34
31
38
45
58
45
58
reinforced bottom
reinforced bottom
reinforced bottom
reinforced bottom
reinforced bottom
reinforced bottom
87001434
81020905
80008877
81016758
87001438
81138442
87001439
87046576
XRF Programme – Claisse
Crucibles in Platinum / Gold 95 / 5 % suitable for Claisse
Internal diameter
[mm]
top
bottom
TD
BD
Height
[mm]
Weight
approx. [g]
Execution
Article
Number
TD
H
36.5
20
32
30
36.5
20
32
30
36.5
20
32
31
flat bottom
flat bottom,
dimples in wall
5015043
H
5015133
dimple in bottom
T
81151910
BD
TD
H
T
BD
Casting dishes in Platinum / Gold 95 / 5 % suitable for Claisse
39
39
41
41
44
44
48
48
49
49
32
32
34
34
37
37
40
40
42
42
30
30
32
32
35
35
38
38
40
40
Height
[mm]
Weight
approx. [g]
Execution
Article
Number
FD
TD
H
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
21
27
23
29
26
33
34
43
35
43
–
reinforced bottom
–
reinforced bottom
–
reinforced bottom
–
reinforced bottom
–
reinforced bottom
81128798
81128800
81143538
81143539
81143540
81143581
81012204
81138359
81130393
81130554
H
FD
Internal diameter
[mm]
top
bottom
TD
BD
T
Total flange
­diameter [mm]
BD
11
XRF Programme – Eagon2
Crucibles in Platinum / Gold 95 / 5 % suitable for Eagon2
TD
Internal diameter
[mm]
top
bottom
TD
BD
TD
H
H
T
T
BD
BD
Height
[mm]
Weight
approx. [g]
Execution
reinforced
reinforced
reinforced
(wide top)
reinforced
(wide top)
Article
Number
H
37.5
37.5
18.7
18.7
36.5
36.5
42
42
37.3
17.7
37
40
37.3
17.7
37
40
rim, flat bottom
rim, dimple in bottom
rim, flat bottom
rim, dimple in bottom
81141733
81141748
81096698
81074265
Casting dishes in Platinum / Gold 95 / 5 % suitable for Eagon2
Total flange
­diameter [mm]
FD
H
TD
T
Internal diameter
[mm]
top
bottom
TD
BD
50
50
56
56
BD
32
32
40.5
40.5
30.5
30.5
39
39
Height
[mm]
Weight
approx. [g]
Execution
Article
Number
H
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
33
50
54
62
–
reinforced bottom
–
reinforced bottom
81141841
81141842
81141201
81141157
XRF Programme – Herzog
crucibles in Platinum/Gold 95/5% suitable for Herzog
TD
H
H
TD
36
36
38
T
T
Internal diameter
[mm]
top
bottom
TD
BD
BD
Height
[mm]
Weight
approx. [g]
Execution
Article
Number
H
22
22
24
38
38
38
64
64
85
with crucible holder
with crucible holder, outside sandblasted
with crucible holder
81016287
5054483
5018714
BD
casting dishes in Platinum/Gold 95/5% suitable for Herzog
T
H
TD
BD
Total flange
diameter
[mm]
44
44
50
50
12
Internal diameter
[mm]
top
TD
bottom
BD
31
24
41
41
29
32
39
38
Height
[mm]
3.5
3.5
5
4.5
Execution
round version
round version
round version
squared version
Article
Number
81097059
87051740
81136768
87022578
XRF Programme – Katanax
Crucibles in Platinum / Gold 95 / 5 % suitable for Katanax
Internal diameter
[mm]
top
bottom
TD
BD
Weight
approx. [g]
Execution
Article
Number
TD
31.7
31.7
31.7
31.7
31.7
26
28
30
28
43
–
reinforced rim
reinforced bottom
wide rim
wide rim, reinforced bottom
81016795
81121812
81125010
81153527
5019956
H
H
28
28
28
28
28
T
39.7
39.7
39.7
44
44
Height
[mm]
BD
T
H
TD
BD
Lid in Platinum / Gold 95 / 5 % suitable for Katanax
Internal diameter
[mm]
top
bottom
TD
BD
53
Height
[mm]
Weight
approx. [g]
Execution
Article
Number
H
–
4
15
–
–
H
T
FD
TD
BD
Casting dishes in Platinum / Gold 95 / 5 % suitable for Katanax
39
39
41
41
44
44
48
48
49
49
32
32
34
34
37
37
40
40
42
42
30
30
32
32
35
35
38
38
40
40
Height
[mm]
Weight
approx. [g]
Execution
Article
Number
H
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
21
27
23
29
26
33
34
43
35
43
–
reinforced bottom
–
reinforced bottom
–
reinforced bottom
–
reinforced bottom
–
reinforced bottom
81128798
81128800
81143538
81143539
81143540
81143581
81012204
81138359
81130393
81130554
FD
TD
H
FD
Internal diameter
[mm]
top
bottom
TD
BD
T
Total flange
­diameter [mm]
BD
13
XRF Programme – Leco
Crucibles in Platinum / Gold 95 / 5 % suitable for Leco
Internal diameter
[mm]
top
bottom
TD
BD
TD
Weight
approx. [g]
Execution
Article
Number
H
20
35
36
supporting ring
87016293
H
37
Height
[mm]
T
BD
Casting dishes in Platinum / Gold 95 / 5 % suitable for Leco
Total flange
­diameter [mm]
FD
BD
14
H
T
TD
39
39
41
41
44
44
48
48
49
49
Internal diameter
[mm]
top
bottom
TD
BD
32
32
34
34
37
37
40
40
42
42
30
30
32
32
35
35
38
38
40
40
Height
[mm]
Weight
approx. [g]
Execution
Article
Number
H
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
21
27
23
29
26
33
34
43
35
43
–
reinforced bottom
–
reinforced bottom
–
reinforced bottom
–
reinforced bottom
–
reinforced bottom
81128798
81128800
81143538
81143539
81143540
81143581
81012204
81138359
81130393
81130554
XRF Programme – Nieka
Crucibles in Platinum / Gold 95 / 5 % suitable for Nieka
Internal diameter
[mm]
top
bottom
TD
BD
36.5
Height
[mm]
Weight
approx. [g]
Execution
Article
Number
30
flat bottom
5015043
TD
H
20
32
H
T
BD
Casting dishes in Platinum / Gold 95 / 5 % suitable for Nieka
32
32
34
34
34
37
37
37
40
40
42
42
42
30
30
32
32
32
35
35
35
38
38
40
40
40
Height
[mm]
Weight
approx. [g]
Execution
Article
Number
FD
TD
H
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
21
27
23
29
36
26
33
40
34
43
35
43
48
–
reinforced bottom
light version
–
reinforced bottom
light version
–
reinforced bottom
–
reinforced bottom
light version
–
reinforced bottom
81128798
81128800
81143538
81143539
81086851
81143540
81143581
81151538
81012204
81138359
81130393
81130554
81151539
H
39
39
41
41
41
44
44
44
48
48
49
49
49
Internal diameter
[mm]
top
bottom
TD
BD
T
Total flange
­diameter [mm]
BD
15
XRF Programme – OxiFlux
Crucibles in Platinum / Gold 95 / 5 % suitable for the OxiFlux
Internal diameter
[mm]
top
bottom
TD
BD
H
TD
36
36
Height
[mm]
Weight
approx. [g]
Execution
Article
Number
H
22
22
40
40
28
38
3 pins
3 pins on support ring
87012402
87016022
T
BD
H
TD
T
BD
Casting dishes in Platinum / Gold 95 / 5 % suitable for the OxiFlux
Total flange
­diameter [mm]
H
TD
BD
FD
16
T
FD
43
51
Internal diameter
[mm]
top
bottom
TD
BD
32
40
31
39
Height
[mm]
Weight
approx. [g]
Execution
Article
Number
H
4.5
4.5
30
45
squared version
squared version
87016616
87016128
XRF Programme – Perl-X
Crucibles in Platinum / Gold 95 / 5 % suitable for Perl-X
Internal diameter
[mm]
top
bottom
TD
BD
Height
[mm]
Weight
approx. [g]
Execution
Article
Number
H
40
40
39
80
48
40
40
39
100
50
40.4
38
39
78
50
40.4
38
39
98
cylindrical version
with rim (NBX U3)
cylindrical ­version
with rim
conical version
(NBX U3 NL)
conical version
(NBX U3 N)
80046699
T
81148230
D
81033592
TD
81033595
H
48
H
Total flange
­diameter [mm]
T
Lids in Platinum / Gold 95 / 5 % suitable for Perl-X
Diameter
[mm]
Total length
[mm]
D
W
55
60
Weight
approx. [g]
27
Execution
Article
Number
–
87045011
D
W
T
Casting dishes in Platinum / Gold 95 / 5 % suitable for Perl-X
External diameter
[mm]
FD
32.4
32
32
35.5
37
40.5
40.5
40.5
30
30.5
30.5
33.5
34.5
39.5
39.5
39.5
Internal height
[mm]
Weight
approx. [g]
Execution
Article
Number
H
3.6
2.5
3.5
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
45
50
53
48
46
65
50
65
NBX PX
NBX P3 R
NBX PX R
NBX P16
–
NBX P15 R60
NBX P14 / P15
NBX P15 R
81033000
81034130
87014850
81032409
80046700
81033740
81034661
81033740
FD
H
65
55
65
65
55
60
65
65
Diameter
[mm]
top
bottom
TD
BD
TD
T
BD
17
Other Accessories
Heraeus produces handling equipment made of precious metals and precious metal alloys.
In order to prevent contamination of the precious metal equipment when placing it in the
furnace or when removing it, conventional crucible tongs are fitted with platinum shoes.
Crucible tongs in stainless steel
Total length of
the tongs [mm]
Weight per pair
of shoes approx. [g]
230
300
400
500
600
2.5
3
5.5
5.5
7
Heraeus
Standard
Ge
Ge
Ge
Ge
Ge
20/230
20/300
20/400
20/500
20/600
Article
Number
5015168
5017070
5015169
5015170
5015231
Plastic formers
Items of precious metal laboratory ­equipment are sensitive to mechanical deformation
due to their use at high ­temperatures and the resulting loss of their original hardness.
The walls of the crucibles and dishes can become wrinkled after they have been used
­several times, thus making cleaning more difficult.
The shape can be restored by carefully using our Heraeus Plastic Formers.
To simplify the process we produce plastic formers which match the crucible and dish
­sizes you use.
18
Electrodes
Platinum and platinum alloys distinguish
themselves as electrode materials because
of their high electrical conductivity and
resistance to chemical attack.
Platinum / Iridium 90 / 10 is used as the
electrode material to ensure mechanical
stability.
The following tables show different
electrode designs of which only the most
common are listed. To increase the surface
area, electrodes can be sand-blasted
if required (Fischer electrodes are always
sand-blasted). We will be pleased to
produce special electrodes on request.
Electrodes of Platinum / Iridium 90 / 10 %
Di / De
Heraeus
Standard
To increase the surface area of the wire, the electrode is sand-blasted.
Suitable for fast tests with high current densities in stirred
or still electrolytes.
200
40
32 (Da)
0.12
14
El 03/1
200
40
32 (Da)
0.25
20
El 03/2
125
50
38 (Di)
0.12
16
El 04/1
125
50
38 (Di)
0.25
23
El 04/2
Article
Number
30
87001430
87001431
87001432
87001433
H
H
Weight
approx.
[g]
5
L
Diameter
wire
[mm]
10
electrode
electrode
electrode
electrode
Diameter
int. / ext.
[mm]
L
inner
inner
outer
outer
Electrode
height
[mm]
H
Fischer electrode
Total
height
[mm]
L
Description
De
Di
19
Electrodes
Electrodes of Platinum / Iridium 90 / 10 %
L
Description
L
Winkler electrode
Electrode
height
[mm]
Diameter
int. / ext.
[mm]
L
H
Di / De
Diameter
wire
[mm]
Weight
approx.
[g]
This design consists of a slit gauze cylinder
in which a wire spiral is concentrically positioned.
100
50
35
0.12
16
100
50
35
0.25
22
80
70
10
1.10
7
Heraeus
Standard
Article
Number
El 01/1
El 01/2
El 02
87001427
87001428
87001429
Heraeus
Standard
Article
Number
H
H
Gauze cylinder
Gauze cylinder
Spiral
Total
height
[mm]
Di
Di
Wölbling electrode
Total
height
[mm]
Electrode
height
[mm]
Diameter
int. / ext.
[mm]
L
H
Di / De
Diameter
wire
[mm]
Weight
approx.
[g]
In this electrode the gauze is fixed stably to the central rod
at the top and bottom via a solid cross.
100
40
20
0.12
11
100
40
20
0.25
14
100
40
30
0.12
20
100
40
30
0.25
26
El
El
El
El
05/1
05/2
05/1
05/2
87009912
87006456
87014965
87023099
D
H
L
Description
Electrodes / meshes of chemically pure Platinum
Description
L
Schöniger electrode
H
Gauze cylinder
3
W
20
Connection
length
[mm]
Width
[mm]
Electrode
height
[mm]
L
W
H
Wire
diameter
[mm]
Weight
approx.
[g]
Heraeus
Standard
This design consists of a platinum wire mesh bent into a U-shape.
It is used mainly for the rapid determination of halogens and sulphur.
35
10
10
0.76
3
El 06
Article
Number
87001425
Precious Metal Semifinished Products
Precious Metal Semifinished Products
Heraeus supplies precious metal semi-­finished products in a great variety of alloy compositions, dimensions and shapes. Let us know
your application criteria and we will be pleased to advise you in choosing the appropriate material.
Wire
Alloy
Diameter
[mm]
Execution
Weight per m
[g]
Article Number
Ag
0.250
annealed
0.55
81122185
Ag
0.500
annealed
2.10
81122186
Ag
1.000
annealed
8.25
81122187
Au
0.500
annealed
3.80
81088265
Au
0.750
annealed
8.55
81122604
Au
1.000
annealed
15.20
81122606
Pt
0.100
hard drawn
0.20
5017934
Pt
0.200
hard drawn
0.70
87042590
Pt
0.250
hard drawn
1.05
87048076
Pt
0.300
hard drawn
1.55
87014883
Pt
0.400
hard drawn
2.70
5017935
Pt
0.500
hard drawn
4.25
81012831
Pt
0.600
hard drawn
6.10
5017936
Pt
0.700
hard drawn
8.25
5017937
Pt
0.800
hard drawn
10.80
5017938
Pt
1.000
hard drawn
16.80
87030160
PtIr 90 / 10
0.200
hard drawn
0.70
87006447
PtIr 90 / 10
0.300
hard drawn
1.55
81123755
PtIr 90 / 10
0.500
hard drawn
4.25
87013102
PtIr 90 / 10
0.600
hard drawn
6.10
87012468
PtIr 90 / 10
0.800
hard drawn
10.85
81123751
PtIr 90 / 10
1.000
hard drawn
16.95
81123720
Diameter
[mm]
Execution
Weight per m
[g]
Article Number
Pt
0.100
100 x 100
21.5
5014197
Pt
0.150
100 x 100
32.20
87016260
Sheets
Alloy
Pt
0.200
100 x 100
42.90
87021120
Pt
0.250
100 x 100
53.60
87014620
Pt
0.300
100 x 100
64.40
87013097
Pt
0.500
100 x 100
107.25
87020526
Pt
1.000
100 x 100
214.50
81143789
Diameter
[mm]
Execution
[mm]
Weight per m
[g]
Article Number
Pt-DPH
8.00
0.50
251.00
81082933
Pt-DPH
9.00
0.40
230.00
81061359
Pt-DPH
9.50
0.30
185.00
81128852
Pt-DPH
9.50
0.40
244.00
81125552
Pt-DPH
9.50
0.50
302.00
81125389
Pt-DPH
10.00
0.50
319.00
81075551
Pt-DPH
10.36
0.18
123.00
81079037
Pt-DPH
11.00
0.25
180.00
81128274
Pt-DPH
11.00
0.50
352.00
81099118
Pt-DPH
13.70
0.18
163.00
81094090
PtRh 90 / 10
9.10
0.48
260.00
81060083
PtRh 90 / 10
9.20
0.40
222.00
81071150
PtRh 90 / 10
9.50
0.50
283.00
81081083
PtRh 80 / 20
12.00
0.75
530.00
81119280
Tubes
Alloy
21
Precious Metal Semifinished Products
Gauzes for the manufacture of electrodes, filters, catalysts, etc. are available according to the following table even in very small quantities.
Gauze pieces (plain weave)
Alloy
Wire diameter
[mm]
No. of meshes
per cm²
Weight per 100 x
100 mm [g]
Article Number
Platinum (Pt)
0.04
3600
3.900
81021389
Platinum (Pt)
0.06
1024
3.855
81014921
Platinum (Pt)
0.076
1024
6.200
81023582
Platinum (Pt)
0.12
250
7.250
81024877
Platinum (Pt)
0.12
420
10.340
81049701
Platinum (Pt)
0.25
100
21.900
81015295
Platinum (Pt)
0.76
16
76.800
81087907
Gold (Au)
0.06
1024
3.680
81021969
Gold (Au)
0.25
100
18.560
81020731
Silver (Ag)
0.06
1024
1.900
81049349
Silver (Ag)
0.15
342
7.476
87047039
Silver (Ag)
0.35
64
17.708
–
PtRh10
0.06
1024
4.000
87008190
PtRh10
0.076
1024
6.000
81024592
PtRh10
0.230
49
11.600
81139173
PtIr10
0.12
250
8.000
81060034
PtIr10
0.25
100
22.000
81025154
Gauze pieces (warp knitted)
Alloy
22
Wire diameter
[mm]
No. of meshes
Weight per 100 x
100 mm [g]
Article Number
PtRh3
0.076
high
6.000
81140496
PtRh3
0.076
medium
3.050
81143059
PtRh3
0.076
low
3.600
5035662
PtRh5
0.060
high
4.000
81136803
PtRh5
0.060
low
3.780
81143820
PtRh5
0.076
high
6.000
81136880
PtRh5
0.076
medium
5.400
81139635
PtRh5
0.076
low
3.000
81138085
PtRh10
0.06
–
3.800
81142464
PtRh10
0.076
high
6.160
81132891
PtRh10
0.076
low
6.040
81140492
Platinum Labware Replacement Programme
Heraeus protects your Precious Metal
Investments
Global refining with locations worldwide
We know that recycling your used precious
metal labware plays an important role in
buying new Heraeus Platinum Labware
because it often covers the majority of the
cost. Heraeus has developed cost-effective
programs to accommodate our customers‘
unique needs.
Heraeus refineries are located throughout
the world, making it easy to return your
material to a Heraeus location near you.
Heraeus handles a wide variety of ­precious
metal recyclables such as crucibles,
­dishes, electrodes, thermocouple wire, and
many other types of high grade precious
metal scrap and sweepings.
Platinum Labware Replacement
­Programme
What can be purchased with recycling
credit?
This programme is designed for users of
platinum labware who wish to replace
old labware with new labware. It provides
­maximum values for your old precious
metal materials and includes a simplified,
transparent and complete quotation.
In addition to new labware, Heraeus
can provide you with a variety of ­useful
­products such as rod, wire, sheet,
foil, tubes, gauzes, powders, specialty
­components and an endless array of other
precious metal parts. Your recycling ­credit
can be used to purchase any Heraeus
­precious metal product.
Deal directly with the manufacturer
and refiner
When you purchase Platinum Labware
from Heraeus you are working directly with
a manufacturer with over 160 years of
precious metal manufacturing and ­refining
experience. There is no need to add
­unnecessary costs through a middle man
or wholesaler.
The Heraeus Promise
You can be confident that your new
­Heraeus Platinum Labware is of the ­highest
purity and quality. Heraeus is ­recognized
as a global leader in ­precious metal
­manufacturing and precious ­metal refining.
Our processes ensure our ­customers access
to accurate, ­traceable results and the maximum values for your precious metals.
Why do we call it a replacement
­programme?
Your new Heraeus Labware is made from
precious metals which adhere to ­Heraeus’
strict purity and quality standards. ­Heraeus
replaces your old contaminated labware
with new, clean precious metals.
23
Handling Platinum Equipment
The excellent resistance of platinum and the platinum group metals (Ir, Rh and Pd) to acids and oxidation at high temperatures, their
high melting points and low vapour pressures make these metals indispensable materials for apparatus in the chemistry laboratory.
However, when using platinum equipment it must be remembered that even platinum is not a universal wonder material which is resistant to everything. For instance, damage can result from elements which form low-melting phases with platinum, from very aggressive
chemical media or from evaporation.
Damage to platinum by tin, lead and bismuth
The formation of alloys with most metals leads to a reduction in the melting point of platinum, especially in the case of the low-melting
metals tin, lead and bismuth. Thus, it is possible that even with low concentrations and at moderate temperatures the melting point can
be exceeded in localised areas, which results in the destruction of the apparatus (see Table “Melting Temperatures of Low-Melting Precious Metal Alloys” on page 30).
It should be noted that, due to thermal decomposition and especially under reducing conditions, chemical compounds can dissociate
and release these detrimental elements. Therefore, to avoid reduction, heating processes and ignitions should be carried out in oxidising
atmospheres, i.e. in open crucibles. In this context it should be especially noted that hydrogen may be absorbed by platinum at 400° C,
diffuse through the walls of equipment at higher temperatures and can reduce the material contained within.
Damage to platinum by carbon
Apart from reducing conditions in the environment, the presence of carbon or organic substances can also result in the reduction of
chemical compounds and thus the release of elements which can damage platinum. Carbon itself can also cause damage to the structural integrity of platinum. Please take special care to adjust the flame when working with bunsen burners and ensure that gas-heated
fusion equipment is adjusted to an oxygen-rich flame.
24
Handling Platinum Equipment
Phase diagram of the Pt-Si system
Damage to platinum by silicon, lead, antimony and phosphorus
1800
1769° C
1600
L
1400
1229°C
1200
1100°C
986°C
400
695°C
Pt12Si5
600
979°C
67
PtSi
23
Pt6Si5
830°C
1.4
800
983°C
39
?
Pt2Si
1000
Pt3Si
Pt3Si
200
0
0
Pt12Si5
360°C
20
280°C
Pt2Si
Temperature [° C]
1414°C
40
Pt
60
80
100
Atom- % Si
Si
Phase diagram of the Pt-As system
The effects are particularly hazardous when
organic matter containing phosphorus is
ignited, e.g. in flour ignition. Damage to
apparatus by silicon corrosion can occur
during heat treatment in furnaces with silicon carbide heating elements. Spalling of
the exposed silicon carbide rods can lead
to silicon being deposited on the platinum
equipment or on the furnace floor which
then diffuses into the platinum equipment.
Damage to platinum by sulphur
1800
1769°C
1600
L
1400
Sulphur can also cause platinum corrosion.
This problem is encountered, for example,
when preparing fused tablets for XRF from
samples containing high levels of sulphur
in the form of sulphides.
1200
1000
As2Pt
Temperature [°C]
A platinum alloy with a low melting point
is formed when the elements silicon, antimony or arsenic are present in very small
quantities. The alloy formation occurs
preferentially at the grain boundaries. The
embrittlement which is associated with
this process can lead to the formation of
cracks.
800
Pt(s) + L
597°C
600
400
As2Pt(s) + L
S
0
As
20
40
60
Atom- % Platinum
72
80
100
Pt
25
Handling Platinum Equipment
Further potential hazards
A further potential hazard is contamination of the crucible on its external surface, for instance by placing it on a dirty surface. At elevated temperatures the contamination can then lead to one of the damage mechanisms described above. We recommend, therefore, that
only crucible tongs or tweezers whose tips are protected with platinum should be used when handling hot crucibles. The crucible tongs
must not be immersed into acids and alkalis beyond the platinum shoes, because of the danger that liquid could penetrate between the
tongs and the shoe resulting in corrosion from within.
Naturally, care must also be taken that the triangles on which the laboratory equipment is usually heated are not con­taminated by corrosive materials such as heavy-metal salts, phosphates, etc. Unprotected iron triangles or wire gauzes should not be used, but only those
with platinum / iridium buttons, or those made of platinum wires. Alternatively non-precious metal wire triangles which are protected by
oxide ceramic tubes at contact points may be used. Contact with ferrous mate­rials should be generally
avoided.
Sn
Pb
C
P
Si
As
S
Cr
B
SiC
26
Mg
Fe
Handling Platinum Equipment
Heraeus has prepared a summary
of the most important precautionary
measures using actual case histories.1)
Petin et al.2) describe an elegant
procedure for carrying out a combined
oxidation-fusion treatment:
The phenomenon which is commonly
known as “platinum corrosion” is not
corrosion in the usual sense of aqueous
corrosion, rusting, etc. It is usually the
formation of a compound which results
from a reaction of platinum with another
element. It has a low melting point, and
results in the formation of a eutectic with
an even lower melting point between the
compound and the platinum.
1.25 g of the following low melting
oxidation mixture is prepared:
(60 % NaNO3 + 20 % KNO3 20 % Sr(NO3)2)
+ 2 g Na2CO3 + 1.5 g Li2B4O7 Li2B4O7.
The sample (250 mg) is mixed with this
oxidation mixture and then added to the
lithium tetraborate which is in the crucible. The oxidation mixture is composed
in such a way that at the beginning of
the fusion the components of the sample
are encapsulated in a layer of molten salt
before the nitrates decompose. In this way
the platinum is protected from contact
with the sample. The nitrates are selected so that they decompose over a broad
temperature range starting with NaNO3 at
380° C and continues up to Sr(NO3)2 at
> 1100° C, in order to ensure that the
oxidation media do not completely decompose before the sample oxidises and dissolves in the lithium tetraborate.
The inner surface of the crucible is
more difficult to protect especially when
samples to be prepared contain both
“poisons” and carbon. Examples are ferro-alloys (ferro-silicon), carbides (grinding
media containing silicon carbide), active
carbon, spent catalysts from oil refineries.
Lithiumtetraborate
Sample and
oxidation
mixture
Charging a crucible for the fusion of ferro-alloy
samples (Petin et al.2))
Although the techniques described above
are only necessary for strongly reducing
samples, they clearly show that, with
appropriate care, platinum crucibles can
be used reliably for the fusion of a very
broad variety of XRF samples.
The main precautionary measures
The main precautionary measures which
must be observed when platinum equipment is used in an analytical laboratory
are:
Never
touch the crucible
with your bare hands
Use Pt clad tongs
Never
place the crucible on an
SiC support
Avoid mechanical damage
of the crucibles
Take
care to keep sufficient distance
between the crucibles and SiC heating
elements
Use
separate crucibles for samples
which are known to contain hazardous
impurities (S, P, Pb, etc.)
Ensure
strongly oxidising conditions
for samples containing carbon
(ferro-alloys, carbides, etc.)
1) J. Merker, F. Schölz, D. F. Lupton: “Correct Use of Platinum in the XRF Laboratory”, “Tricks of the Trade” at
the 19th Durham Conference on X-ray Analysis, University of Durham, England, 18 – 21 September 1995
2) J. Petin, A. Wagner and F. Bentz “Combination of Oxidation and Melt Treatment for a Rapid Preparation of
Metallic and Other Oxidising Samples for X-ray Fluorescence Analysis”, Steel Research, 56 (1985), 215-218
27
Handling Platinum Equipment
Treatment of electrodes
The dissolution of electrolytically deposited metal layers from platinum electrodes is achieved with analytically pure
acids. Burning off gauze electrodes over
an open flame is not to be recommended because of the risk that impurities
remain embedded in the corners and
that these then form an alloy. Furthermore this heating causes an undesirable
softening of the wire gauze and thus
reduces its resistance to deformation.
Clean electrodes should be stored in a
desiccator.
The stability of the remaining metals of
the platinum group (Ir, Rh, Pd, Os,Ru)
in aggressive media is shown in the
Table “Stability of the Platinum Group
Metals in Corrosive Media” on page 30.
Should problems arise in the course of
using platinum equipment or should
the solution to a specific problem be
required, we are pleased to be at your
service with further information.
Damage to platinum by salts, halogen compounds and acids
Less critical than the damage mechanisms described above is corrosion due to salts, halogen compounds or acids. Normally the advantages of using platinum crucibles are greater
than the risk of damage by corrosion. At room temperature platinum only dissolves slowly
in aqua regia. Amongst the most severe effects are the melting of alkali metal hydroxides
and alkali cyanides at high temperatures. Potassium compounds react more strongly than
sodium compounds in such fusion preparations. Alkalis have the effect of being oxygen
carriers and oxidise platinum to yellow-brown platinum oxide. For this reason molten salt
preparations, above all in soda and soda-potash fusions, should always be carried out
in covered crucibles. In this way the carbon dioxide released during the fusion can be
retained as a protective gas over the melt and prevents the crucible from oxidation.
Evaporation losses
It is not always appreciated that a thin oxide film forms on platinum in air at room temperature and evaporates at elevated temperatures. The platinum loss which occurs as a
result can lead to significant damage over very long operating periods, e.g. at 900° C in
air. This effect can be counteracted to a limited extent by alloying with a few percent of
rhodium.
Platinum-iridium alloys with higher iridium contents, on the other hand, suffer from evaporation losses which are very much greater than for other platinum alloys when exposed to
air for long periods.3)
Cleaning crucibles
Crucibles and dishes of platinum or platinum alloys are cleaned by boiling in a suitable
solvent. Platinum utensils can be cleaned very thoroughly by melting potassium pyrophosphate in them. For the removal of substances which have alloyed with the surface we
recommend that the apparatus be scoured with alumina powder.
The use of grinding media containing carbon (e.g. SiC) should be avoided at all costs. Any
remaining alumina residues should be removed with a hydrofluoric acid treatment. Contaminated utensils may not, under any circumstances, be cleaned by heating, because the
impurities might thereby diffuse into the platinum.
The excellent resistance of platinum and the platinum group metals (Ir, Rh and Pd) to
acids and oxidation at high tempera-tures, their high melting points and low vapour pressures make these metals indispensable materials for apparatus in the chemistry laboratory.
However, when using platinum equipment it must be remembered that even platinum is
not a universal wonder material which is resistant to everything. For instance, damage can
result from elements which form low-melting phases with platinum, from very aggressive
chemical media or from evaporation.
3) H. Jehn: “High Temperature Behaviour of Pt-Group Metals in Oxidizing Atmospheres”, Journal of the Less
Common Metals, 100 (1984), 321
28
Material Properties and Possible Applications
The alloys listed in the table below represent only a small selection of the alloys produced
by Heraeus. We will be pleased to help you with your inquiries or special requirements.
Material
Pt
Melting point
or range
[° C]
1769
Material properties
Possible applications
High thermal and chemical stability.
Laboratory apparatures such as crucibles
Platinum in various purities.
and dishes which are only exposed to low
mechanical stresses.
Pt-DPH
1769
The finely dispersed oxide particles in
Laboratory equipment and structural
PtAu 95 / 5-DPH
1675 – 1745
platinum and platinum alloys significantly
­components which are subject to high
PtRh 90 / 10-DPH
1840 – 1870
increase the mechanical strength and
­mechanical stresses at high temperatures.
corrosion resistance.
PtIr 97 / 3
1772 – 1773
The mechanical strength, thermal and
Laboratory apparatures or structural
PtIr 90 / 10
1780 – 1800
corrosion resistance become greater with
components which are exposed to severe
PtIr 80 / 20
1830 – 1855
increasing iridium content. Platinum-iridium
mechanical, thermal and corrosive effects.
alloys suffer from increased weight loss in
oxidising atmosphere.
PtRh 90 / 10
1840 – 1870
The mechanical strength, thermal and
Heavy-duty laboratory equipment,
PtRh 80 / 20
1870 – 1910
corrosion resistance become greater with
electrodes, glass fibre bushings and lining
increasing rhodium content. An advantage
materials for components to contain
of the platinum-rhodium alloys is that only
molten glass.
a minimal weight loss occurs even in
oxidising atmosphere.
PtAu 95 / 5
1675 – 1745
The gold content reduces the wetting by
These properties make PtAu 95/5 the prefer-
glass melts so that the glass can be easily
red material for apparatus for the preparation
removed after solidification without leaving
of samples for X-ray fluorescence analysis
any residues. The mechanical strength is also
(XRF).
increased and the tendency to recrystallize is
reduced.
AuPt 90 / 10
1120 – 1180
This gold alloy shows increased mechanical
Dishes, e.g. for flour ignition, sugar ignition,
strength compared with pure gold and good
etc.
resistance to phosphorus. Platinum based
alloys are more suspectible to corrosion by
phosphorus.
Ag
961
Good conductivity, chemical stability
Crucibles for reagents which corrode
Au
1063
(in particular, resistance to phosphorus).
platinum alloys; contact materials.
Ir
2447
Iridium is the preferred material for oxide
Crucibles for crystal growing.
melts because of its good corrosion resistan-
Components which are subject to severe
ce and high temperature stability in inert
thermal conditions.
atmospheres.
29
Physical and Chemical Properties
Melting temperatures [° C] of low melting precious metal alloys
Alloy
B
Si
P
As
Sn
Sb
Pb
Bi
S
Material
Pt
Ir
Pd
Rh
Os
Ru
Au
Ag
PtRh 10
PtRh 20
PtIr 10
PtIr 20
PtAu 5
30
Melting Point
Melting Range
[° C]
Density
1769
2447
1554
1963
3050
2315
1063
961
1840 – 1870
1870 – 1910
1780 – 1800
1830 – 1855
1675 – 1745
Pt
Pd
Au
Ag
Rh
Ir
825
830
588
597
1070
633
290
730
1240
743
798
788
–
–
590
265
–
623
1050
370
935
665
278
360
213
241
–
961
835
878
540
221
485
304
262
742
1131
1389
1245
–
–
610
–
–
925
1046
1470
1262
–
–
–
–
–
–
[g/cm3]
Linear expansion
coefficient
(20 – 100° C) 10-6 [K-1]
Electrical resistivity
(annealed)
bei 20° C [V • mm2 • m-1]
Temperature coefficient
of electrical resistivity
(0 – 100° C) 10-4 [K-1]
21.45
22.65
12.02
12.41
22.61
12.20
19.32
10.49
20.00
18.10
21.60
21.70
21.32
9.1
6.8
11.1
8.3
6.1
9.1
14.1
18.7
10.0
9.3
8.6
7.7
–
0.107
0.049
0.099
0.043
0.096
0.073
0.027
0.016
0.200
0.208
0.250
0.310
0.180
39.0
43.0
38.0
46.0
42.0
46.0
40.0
41.0
16.3
13.4
12.0
7.5
21.0
Physical and Chemical Properties
Resistance of the Platinum Group Metals to Corrosive Media
Corrosive medium
Chemical formula
Temperature
[° C]
Pt
Pd
Au
Ag
Rh
Ir
Al2(SO4)3
Br2
Br2
100
20
20
20
20
100
20
20
100
20
20
20
20
20
400
20
100
500
20
100
100
100
20
500
100
100
100
20
20
100
20
100
300
20
20
100
100
1
3
3
1
2
4
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
3
1
3
1
4
4
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
3
4
1
4
4
2
4
4
3
4
1
–
1
4
2
4
2
3
4
2
4
4
2
1
3
2
2
1
4
1
4
4
1
3
4
1
3
4
–
1
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
–
1
1
2
1
2
–
–
3
1
1
–
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
1
–
–
–
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
–
1
1
1
1
–
–
–
1
1
2
–
1
2
–
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
–
1
–
–
–
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
–
1
1
1
1
4
–
–
–
1
1
–
1
4
4
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
–
1
–
–
–
–
4
2
–
1
3
1
3
–
–
1
2
1
2
4
–
–
–
4
4
–
–
4
4
4
–
4
1
3
4
1
1
–
1
–
–
–
Aluminum sulphate
Bromine, dry
Bromine, moist
Bromine water
Hydrobromic acid
Hydrobromic acid
Chloride, dry
Chlorode, moist
Acetic acid, glacial
Fluorine
Hydrofluoric acid 40 %
Iodine, dry
Iodine, moist
Hydroiodic acid
Potassium hydroxide
Potassium cyanide
Potassium cyanide
Potassium bisulphate
Aqua regia
Aqua regia
Copper chloride
Copper sulphate
Sodium hypochlorite
Sodium hydroxide
Ortho-phosphoric acid
Mercuric chloride
Nitrit acid 95 %
Sulphurite acid 36 %
Sulphurite acid 65 %
Sulphurite acid 65 %
Hydrochloric Acid 96 %
Hydrochloric Acid 96 %
Hydrochloric Acid 96 %
Hydrogen sulphide
Selenic acid
Selenic acid
Hydrogen peroxide
1 = no corrosion
HBr
HBr
Cl2
Cl2
CH3COOH
F2
HF
I2
I2
HI
KOH
KCN
KCN
KHSO4
HNO3 + 3 HCI
HNO3 + 3 HCI
CuCl2
CuSO4
NaClO
NaOH
H3PO4
HgCl2
HNO3
HCl
HCl
HCl
H2SO4
H2SO4
H2SO4
H2S
H2SeO4
H2SeO4
H2O2
2 = slight corrosion
3 = noticable corrosion
4 = destructive corrosion
The values given in the table are guidelines and cannot be guaranteed for specific applications.
Thermal conductivity
at 20° C
[Wm-1K-1]
74
59
75
88
87
105
312
419
30
–
31
–
–
Yield point
Tensile strength
[MPa]
annealed
70
93
65
68
–
38
50
120
180
110
220
380
370
[MPa]
hard
290
–
400
–
–
–
260
320
670
920
630
920
610
annealed
150
450
180
800
–
500
180
140
300
380
340
570
460
hard
330
–
480
1925
–
–
300
380
680
940
650
940
635
Tensile
elongation
[%]
annealed
hard
40
3.0
7
–
35
3.0
9
–
–
–
3
–
40
3.0
37
3.0
32
1.5
32
2.0
32
2.0
21
2.0
7
1.0
Vickers hardness
annealed
42
210
40
410
350
240
40
35
102
113
105
190
139
hard
98
453
210
410
1000
750
90
110
204
273
215
300
194
Young’s
modulus
[GPa]
170
528
121
380
570
430
78
80
255
268
220
230
180
31
Find your regional contacts on
www.heraeus-platinum-labware.com
The data in this brochure are valid for September 2018. We reserve the right to make alterations.
E 09.2018/VN, Layout www.datagraphis.de