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2.EMT1 Integration formulas

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Integration Formulas
1. Common Integrals
Indefinite Integral
Method of substitution
∫ f ( g ( x)) g ′( x)dx = ∫ f (u )du
Integration by parts
∫
f ( x) g ′( x)dx = f ( x) g ( x) − ∫ g ( x) f ′( x)dx
Integrals of Rational and Irrational Functions
n
∫ x dx =
x n +1
+C
n +1
1
∫ x dx = ln x + C
∫ c dx = cx + C
∫ xdx =
x2
+C
2
x3
+C
3
1
1
∫ x2 dx = − x + C
2
∫ x dx =
∫
xdx =
1
∫1+ x
∫
2
2x x
+C
3
dx = arctan x + C
1
1 − x2
dx = arcsin x + C
Integrals of Trigonometric Functions
∫ sin x dx = − cos x + C
∫ cos x dx = sin x + C
∫ tan x dx = ln sec x + C
∫ sec x dx = ln tan x + sec x + C
1
( x − sin x cos x ) + C
2
1
2
∫ cos x dx = 2 ( x + sin x cos x ) + C
∫ sin
2
∫ tan
∫ sec
x dx =
2
x dx = tan x − x + C
2
x dx = tan x + C
Integrals of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
∫ ln x dx = x ln x − x + C
n
∫ x ln x dx =
∫e
x
x n +1
x n +1
ln x −
+C
2
n +1
( n + 1)
dx = e x + C
x
∫ b dx =
bx
+C
ln b
∫ sinh x dx = cosh x + C
∫ cosh x dx = sinh x + C
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2. Integrals of Rational Functions
Integrals involving ax + b
( ax + b )n + 1
∫ ( ax + b ) dx = a ( n + 1)
n
1
( for n ≠ −1)
1
∫ ax + b dx = a ln ax + b
∫ x ( ax + b )
n
a ( n + 1) x − b
dx =
a
x
x
2
( n + 1)( n + 2 )
( ax + b )n+1
( for n ≠ −1, n ≠ −2 )
b
∫ ax + b dx = a − a 2 ln ax + b
x
b
1
∫ ( ax + b )2 dx = a 2 ( ax + b ) + a 2 ln ax + b
a (1 − n ) x − b
x
∫ ( ax + b )n dx = a 2 ( n − 1)( n − 2)( ax + b )n−1
( for n ≠ −1, n ≠ −2 )
2

x2
1  ( ax + b )
2


dx
=
−
2
b
ax
+
b
+
b
ln
ax
+
b
(
)
∫ ax + b

2
a3 


x2
∫ ( ax + b )2
x2
∫ ( ax + b )3
x2
∫ ( ax + b ) n
1 
b2 
dx = 3  ax + b − 2b ln ax + b −

ax + b 
a 
dx =
1 
2b
b2
 ln ax + b +
−
ax + b 2 ( ax + b )2
a3 

dx =
3−n
2− n
1−n
2b ( a + b )
b2 ( ax + b )
1  ( ax + b )
−
+
−
n−3
n−2
n −1
a3 

1
1
∫ x ( ax + b ) dx = − b ln
1
ax + b
x
1
a
∫ x 2 ( ax + b ) dx = − bx + b2 ln
1
∫ x 2 ( ax + b )2
ax + b
x

1
1
2
ax + b
dx = − a  2
+ 2 − 3 ln
 b ( a + xb ) ab x b
x

Integrals involving ax2 + bx + c
1
1
x
∫ x 2 + a 2 dx = a arctg a
a−x
1
 2a ln a + x
∫ x2 − a 2 dx =  1 x − a
 ln
 2a x + a
1




for x < a
for x > a








( for n ≠ 1, 2,3)
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2
2ax + b

arctan

2
4ac − b 2
 4ac − b

1
2
2ax + b − b 2 − 4 ac

dx
=
ln
 2
∫ ax 2 + bx + c
 b − 4ac 2 ax + b + b 2 − 4ac

− 2
 2ax + b

x
1
∫ ax 2 + bx + c dx = 2a ln ax
2
+ bx + c −
for 4ac − b 2 > 0
for 4ac − b 2 < 0
for 4ac − b 2 = 0
b
dx
∫
2
2 a ax + bx + c
m
2an − bm
2ax + b
2
arctan
for 4ac − b 2 > 0
 ln ax + bx + c +
2
2
2
a
a 4ac − b
4ac − b


mx + n
2an − bm
2ax + b
m
2
2
∫ ax 2 + bx + c dx =  2a ln ax + bx + c + a b2 − 4ac arctanh b2 − 4ac for 4ac − b < 0

m
2an − bm
 ln ax 2 + bx + c −
for 4ac − b 2 = 0
a ( 2 ax + b )
 2a
∫
1
( ax
∫x
2
+ bx + c
)
n
1
( ax
2
+ bx + c
)
dx =
2ax + b
( n − 1) ( 4ac − b2 )( ax 2 + bx + c )
dx =
n−1
+
( 2 n − 3 ) 2a
1
dx
2 ∫
( n − 1) ( 4ac − b ) ( ax 2 + bx + c )n−1
1
x2
b
1
ln 2
− ∫ 2
dx
2c ax + bx + c 2c ax + bx + c
3. Integrals of Exponential Functions
cx
∫ xe dx =
ecx
c2
( cx − 1)
2
2x 2 
2 cx
cx  x
x
e
dx
=
e
−

∫
 c c 2 + c3 


∫x
n cx
e dx =
1 n cx n n −1 cx
x e − ∫ x e dx
c
c
i
∞ cx
( )
ecx
dx
=
ln
x
+
∑ i ⋅ i!
∫ x
i =1
∫e
cx
ln xdx =
1 cx
e ln x + Ei ( cx )
c
cx
∫ e sin bxdx =
cx
∫ e cos bxdx =
cx
n
∫ e sin xdx =
ecx
c 2 + b2
( c sin bx − b cos bx )
ecx
c 2 + b2
( c cos bx + b sin bx )
ecx sin n −1 x
2
c +n
2
( c sin x − n cos bx ) +
n ( n − 1)
2
c +n
2
∫e
cx
sin n −2 dx
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4. Integrals of Logarithmic Functions
∫ ln cxdx = x ln cx − x
b
∫ ln(ax + b)dx = x ln(ax + b) − x + a ln(ax + b)
2
2
∫ ( ln x ) dx = x ( ln x ) − 2 x ln x + 2 x
n
n
n −1
∫ ( ln cx ) dx = x ( ln cx ) − n∫ ( ln cx ) dx
i
∞ ln x
( )
dx
=
ln
ln
+
ln
+
x
x
∑
∫ ln x
n =2 i ⋅ i !
dx
∫ ( ln x )n
=−
x
( n − 1)( ln x )
n −1
+
1
dx
n − 1 ∫ ( ln x )n −1

1
m
m +1  ln x
x
l
xdx
x
n
=
−
∫
 m + 1 ( m + 1) 2

∫ x ( ln x )
m
∫
( ln x )n
x
n
dx =
dx =
x m+1 ( ln x )
n
m +1
−
( ln x )n+1
)
( for m ≠ 1)
n
n −1
x m ( ln x ) dx
∫
m +1
2
ln x n
ln x n
( for n ≠ 0 )
∫ x dx = 2n
ln x
ln x
1
∫ xm dx = − ( m − 1) xm−1 − ( m − 1)2 xm−1
∫
( ln x )n
xm
( for m ≠ 1)
( ln x )n
( ln x )n−1
n
dx = −
+
dx
( m − 1) x m−1 m − 1 ∫ x m
dx
∫ x ln x = ln ln x
∞
dx
( −1)
∫ xn ln x = ln ln x + ∑
i =1
dx
∫ x ( ln x )n
∫ ln ( x
2
=−
i
( n − 1)i ( ln x )i
i ⋅ i!
1
( for n ≠ 1)
( n − 1)( ln x )n−1
)
(
)
+ a 2 dx = x ln x 2 + a 2 − 2 x + 2a tan −1
x
∫ sin ( ln x ) dx = 2 ( sin ( ln x ) − cos ( ln x ) )
x
( for m ≠ 1)
( for n ≠ 1)
n +1
(




( for n ≠ 1)
∫ cos ( ln x ) dx = 2 ( sin ( ln x ) + cos ( ln x ) )
x
a
( for m ≠ 1)
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5. Integrals of Trig. Functions
∫ sin xdx = − cos x
∫ cos xdx = − sin x
cos x
x 1
− sin 2 x
2 4
x 1
2
∫ cos xdx = 2 + 4 sin 2 x
1
3
3
∫ sin xdx = 3 cos x − cos x
1 3
3
∫ cos xdx = sin x − 3 sin x
∫ sin
2
xdx =
dx
cos 2 x
x
∫ sin x dx = ln tan 2 + cos x
∫ cot
2
xdx = − cot x − x
dx
∫ sin x cos x = ln tan x
dx
dx
1
x
∫ sin 2 x cos2 x = tan x − cot x
dx
π
dx
∫ sin 2 x xdx = − cot x
dx
∫ cos2 x xdx = tan x
sin( m + n) x sin( m − n) x
+
2( m − n)
∫sin mxsin nxdx = − 2( m+ n)
cos ( m + n) x cos ( m − n) x
−
2( m − n)
∫sin mxcos nxdx = − 2( m + n)
sin ( m + n) x sin ( m − n) x
+
2( m − n)
dx
cos x
1
x
∫ sin 3 x = − 2sin 2 x + 2 ln tan 2
∫ cos mxcos nxdx = 2( m + n)
dx
sin x
1
x π
∫ cos3 x = 2 cos2 x + 2 ln tan  2 + 4 
n
∫ sin x cos xdx = −
1
∫ sin x cos xdx = − 4 cos 2 x
1 3
2
∫ sin x cos xdx = 3 sin x
1
2
3
∫ sin x cos xdx = − 3 cos x
x 1
2
2
∫ sin x cos xdx = 8 − 32 sin 4 x
n
∫ sin x cos xdx =
∫ tan xdx = − ln cos x
sin x
1
dx =
2
cos x
x
∫ cos
sin 2 x
x π 
∫ cos x dx = ln tan  2 + 4  − sin x
∫ tan xdx = tan x − x
∫ cot xdx = ln sin x
π
x
x
∫ cos x xdx = ln tan  2 + 4 
2
x
1
∫ sin 2 x cos x = − sin x + ln tan  2 + 4 
∫ sin x cos2 x = cos x + ln tan 2
∫ sin x xdx = ln tan 2
dx
1
∫ sin 2 x dx = − sin x
cos n +1 x
n +1
sin n +1 x
n +1
∫ arcsin xdx = x arcsin x +
1 − x2
∫ arccos xdx = x arccos x −
1 − x2
1
∫ arctan xdx = x arctan x − 2 ln ( x
1
2
∫ arc cot xdx = x arc cot x + 2 ln ( x
2
)
+1
)
+1
m2 ≠ n2
m2 ≠ n2
m2 ≠ n2
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