Unit 5 Study Night
Osmosis, Diffusion, Photosynthesis, Respiration, Cell Division,
Replication, Transcription, Translation
Task 2: Osmosis
-The diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane.
*Hypertonic solution:
*Hypotonic solution:
*Isotonic solution:
Let’s do a lab!
Task 3: Diffusion
Diffusion: the movement of molecules from an
area of high concentration to an area of lower
concentration
Ex: wind, Kool-aid, farts, cologne, smoke, food
coloring
Task 4: Photosynthesis
-Process by which plants take carbon dioxide, water and
sunlight and convert them to sugar and oxygen
-Occurs in the plant’s chloroplasts
-Organisms that carry out photosynthesis to make their
food are called autotrophs.
Photosynthesis continued:
The balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis is:
6CO2 + 6H2O + sun energy ----> C6H12O6 + 6O2
*CO2 comes from the air, H2O comes from the soil and
sun.
-2 part process: light dependent reactions and light
independent reactions.
Task 4: Respiration
-Respiration is done by all living organisms
-Respiration takes place in the mitochondria where sugar
and oxygen are combined to release ATP (energy
molecule) and carbon dioxide and water as waste
products.
-Respiration in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic
and respiration without is called anaerobic.
Respiration continued:
-Anaerobic respiration in humans results in muscle pain
and cramps
_Anaerobic respiration with fungi such as yeast results in
carbon dioxide and alcohol. This is called fermentation.
Task 5: Cell division
*The process of the nucleus of a cell dividing and creating
two new cells is called the cell cycle. The activities of the
nucleus during this process is called mitosis. The cell cycle
follows this order: 1) Interphase 2) Mitosis 3) Cytokinesis
Cell Division Continued: Major Events
1. Interphase: DNA replicates, nucleolus is visible
2.Mitosis:
*Prophase: chromosomes thicken and become visible
*Metaphase: chromosomes align at the equator of the
cell
*Anaphase: chromosomes pull apart to the poles of the
cell
Cell Division Continued: Major Events
*Telophase: New nuclei form inside of the one cell
3. Cytokinesis: the two cells separate forming two new
cells.
Cell Division Activity
*Hand out photomicrograph of cells in various stages of
mitosis.
Identify as many cells as you can that are in:
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase by writing
P, M, A, T on the cell
Task 6A: DNA Replication
*Takes place inside the nucleus during Interphase of the
cell cycle
*Results in 2 identical copies of DNA so the organism can
grow new cells and also repair damaged cells
*Uses a few enzymes namely helicase and DNA
polymerase to make the DNA copy
*Activity!!!
Task 6B: Transcription: Going from DNA
to RNA
*Transcription takes place in the DNA and the result is a
single stranded mRNA that carries a code of the DNA gene
out of the nucleus to the ribosome.
*Enzymes such as helicase and RNA polymerase read the
DNA and make the mRNA strand
Task 6C: Translation: The Process of
Turning mRNA into Protein
*Translation takes place at the ribosome
*mRNA is read and a tRNA carrying an anticodon that
matches up with the mRNA codon is summoned to the
ribosome carrying the amino acid coded for by the mRNA
*Amino acids are added one after another forming a
protein