І. В. Корýнець Теорія і практика перекладу (аспектний переклад) ПІДРУЧНИК Видання 5-те, виправлене і доповнене Вінниця Нова Книга 2017 УДК 802.0(075) ББК 81.432.1-7 К68 Редактор: О. І. Терех Корунець І. В. Теорія і практика перекладу (аспектний переклад) : К68 підручник / І. В. Корунець. – 5-те вид., виправ. і допов. – Вінниця : Нова Книга, 2017 – 448 с. ISBN 978-966-382-630-1 У пропонованому підручникові висвітлюється широке коло питань теорії та практики відтворення мовних одиниць і явищ лексикологічного і граматичного аспектів англійської й української мов. У теоретичній частині дохідливо англійською мовою викладаються короткі відомості про існуючі типи і види перекладу, про історію розвитку принципів перекладу в Західній Європі та в Україні впродовж останнього тисячоліття. Проте основна частина підручника відведена способам відтворення лексикологічних та граматичних труднощів англійської мови українською і навпаки. Зокрема: вірному/адекватному відтворенню різних типів власних назв людей, географічних назв і назв установ, компаній, організацій, назв газет, журналів тощо. Підручник містить багато різноманітних вправ на закріплення теоретичного матеріалу. УДК 802.0(075) ББК 81.432.1-7 ISBN 978-966-382-630-1 © Корунець І. В., 2003 © Корунець І. В., 2017 © Нова Книга, 2017 До 95-річчя Корýнця Ілька Вакуловича – патріарха українського художнього перекладу, провідника української мови й культури, борця за відродження духовності українського народу Table of Contents Передмова..................................................................................................................................... 7 I. Theoretical and Methodological Aspects of Translation..................................... 9 Translation as a Notion and Subject............................................................................... 9 Significance of Translation/Interpretation.................................................................12 Translation in Teaching of Foreign Languages.........................................................15 Ways of Translation.............................................................................................................16 Machine Translation...........................................................................................................25 Kinds of Translation/Interpretion..................................................................................27 Decriptive and Antonymic Translation........................................................................29 Suggested Topics for Self-Control and Class Discussion......................................31 II. A Short Historical Outline of European and Ukrainian Translation............33 Translation and Interpretation During the Middle Ages......................................37 Translation During the Renaissance Period...............................................................40 Translation During the Period of Classicism and Enlightenment......................41 The Epoch of Romanticism and Establishment of the Principles of Translation In Europe....................................................................................................43 Translation in Kyivan Rus´ During the 10th–13th Centuries and in Ukraine During the 14th–16th Centuries.........................................................46 The Kyiv Mohyla Academy and Revival of Regular Translation Activities in Ukraine...........................................................................................................51 Kotlyarevskyi’s Free Adaptation of Virgil’s Aeneid and Beginning of a New Era in Ukrainian Translation..........................................................................53 Translation and Translators During the Late 19th – Early 20th Centuries..........56 Translation During the First Ukrainian Independence (1917–1921) and Soviet Rule during the 1920s–1930s...................................................................62 Translation and Translators in Post-War Ukraine. The Establishment of the Principles of Translation.......................................................................................70 Translation in Ukraine During the Last Decades of the 20th Century and the Role of the Vsesvit Journal...............................................................................84 Suggested Topics for Self-Control and Class Discussion......................................87 III. Aspective Translation and Its Principle Aims........................................................89 Aspective Translation as a Subject and Notion........................................................89 5 Proper Names/Onyms and Their Translation............................................................90 Translation of the Names of Companies, Corporations, Firms and Their Substituting Names............................................................................................. 102 Topics for Self-Control and Class/Home Reviewing............................................ 112 Exercises for Class and Homework............................................................................ 113 Texts for Independent Class and Home Translation or Off-Hand Interpretation.................................................................................................................... 125 Units of International Lexicon and Ways of Conveying Their Meaning and Lingual Form............................................................................................................. 126 Ways of Conveying the Lexical Meaning of Genuine Internationalisms...... 133 Translation of Genuine Loan Internationalisms.................................................... 139 Suggested Topics for Self-Testing and Class Discussion.................................... 140 Exercises for Class and Homework............................................................................ 141 Texts for Independent Class and Home Translation............................................ 145 News Items for Class and Home Translation.......................................................... 147 Nationally Specific Lexicon and Its Translation..................................................... 150 Ways of Rendering the Meaning of Nationally Specific Notions of Lexicon............................................................................................................................ 156 Exercises for Class and Homework............................................................................ 168 Texts for Independent Class and Home Translation............................................ 176 Ways of Translating Idiomatic/Phraseological and Stable Expressions........ 181 Transformation of Some Idioms and Phraseologisms in the Process of Translation..................................................................................................................... 195 Suggested Topics for Self-Testing and Class Discussion.................................... 197 Exercises for Class and Homework............................................................................ 198 IV. Lexico-Grammatical Aspects of Translation....................................................... 207 Rendition of Contextual Meanings of the Definite and Indefinite Articles............................................................................................................. 207 Realization of Contextual Meanings of the Definite Article............................. 210 Realization of Contextual Meanings of the Indefinite Article.......................... 215 Suggested Topics for Self-Testing and Class Discussion.................................... 220 Exercises for Class and Homework............................................................................ 221 Asyndetic Substantival/Noun Clusters and Rules of Their Translation Into Ukrainian.................................................................................................................... 224 Approaches to Translation of Asyndetic Substantival/Noun Clusters.......... 226 6 Translation of Two-Component Asyndetic Substantival/Noun Clusters..... 226 Translation of Three-Component Substantival/Noun Clusters....................... 232 Translation of Four-Component Substantival/Noun Clusters......................... 237 Translation of Five-, Six- and Seven‑Component Asyndetic Substantival/Noun Clusters.......................................................................................... 239 Suggested Topics for Self-Testing and Class Discussion.................................... 242 Exercises for Class and Home Translation............................................................... 244 Translation of English Verbals and Verbal Constructions/Complexes........... 252 Ways of Conveing the Lexico-Grammatical Meanings and Functions of the English Infinitive.................................................................................................. 253 Ways of Translating Infinitival Constructions/Complexes................................. 256 Ways of Translating the Objective with the Infinitive Constructions/Complexes............................................................................................ 259 Ways of Rendering the Meaning of the Subjective with the Infinitive Constructions/Complexes............................................................................................ 263 Ways of Translating Some Other Participial Constructions............................... 269 Ways of Translating Participial Constructions/Complexes................................ 273 A. Ways of Translating the Objective with the Participle Constructions/Complexes.................................................................................... 274 B. Ways of Translating the Subjective with the Participle Constructions/Complexes.................................................................................... 277 C. Ways of Translating the Nominative Absolute Participial Constructions/Complexes.................................................................................... 280 D. Ways of Identifying the Implicit Meanings in the Nominative Absolute Participial Constructions.................................................................... 283 Structural Types of Ukrainian Language Units Conveying the Meanings of the Nominative Absolute Participial Constructions.................. 285 Exercises for Class and Homework............................................................................ 292 Translation of the Gerund and Gerundial Complexes........................................ 296 Ways of Translating Gerundial Complexes/Constructions................................ 300 Topics for Self-Testing and Class Discussion........................................................... 303 Exercises for Class and Homework............................................................................ 303 Ways and Means of Conveying Modality in English and Ukrainian............... 308 The Lexico-Grammatical Expression of Modality via Modal Verbs................ 310 English Modal Verbs Having not Always Modal Verbs Equivalents in Ukrainian........................................................................................................................ 335 7 Topics for Self-Testing and Class Discussion........................................................... 344 Exercises for Class and Homework............................................................................ 345 Transformations in the Process of Translation....................................................... 362 Grammatically and Stylistically Prearranged Transformations........................ 369 Stylistically/Subjectively Predetermined Transformations............................... 371 Ways of Conveying the Passive Voice Constructions.......................................... 372 Objectively Required and Subjectively Introduced/Contextual Transformations of Sense Units.................................................................................. 377 Objectively and Subjectively Conditioned Transformations of Sense Units in the Process of Translation............................................................................. 384 Topics for Self-Testing and Class Discussion........................................................... 389 Exercises for Class and Homework............................................................................ 389 V. Semantic Aspects of Translation............................................................................... 393 Sense Units and Their Equivalent Translation at Language and Speech (Text or Discourse) Levels.............................................................................. 393 Ways of Conveying the Meanings of Polysemantic Sense Units..................... 396 Translatological Text Analysis and Conveying the Content of Communicative Units..................................................................................................... 401 Lexico-Semantic, Stylistic and Structural Analysis of Language and Sense Units of the Excerpt............................................................................................ 407 Suggested Topics for Self-Testing and Class Discussion.................................... 420 Exercises for Class and Homework............................................................................ 421 Publicistic and Newspaper Style Texts and Ways of Their Translation............. 425 New Items for Class and Home Written Translation and Interpretation......... 437 A List of References Used and Recommended........................................................... 445 8 Навчальне видання Корунець Ілько Вакулович Теорія і практика перекладу (аспектний переклад) Підручник (англійською та українською мовами) Редактор С. І. Мазур Комп’ютерна верстка: Г. А. Пєшков Підписано до друку 20.01.17. Формат 60×84/16. Папір офсетний. Гарнітура Мініон. Друк офсетний.Ум. друк. арк. 26,13. Тираж 300 пр. Зам. № 892. ПП “Нова Книга” 21029, м. Вінниця, вул. Квятека, 20 Свідоцтво про внесення суб’єкта видавничої справи до Державного реєстру видавців, виготівників і розповсюджувачів видавничої продукції ДК № 2646 від 11.10.2006 р. Тел. (0432) 52-34-80, 52-34-82. Факс 52-34-81 E-mail: info@novaknyha.com.ua www.novaknyha.com.ua
