Unit 1 Guided Notes
Date of Exam 1 =
If an alien were to abduct a human being and keep it as a pet in its spaceship, what bare essentials would the alien
need to supply the human with in order to keep it alive?
What waste products would the human produce that the alien would need to take into consideration?
In terms of matter, how might we explain weight-loss versus weight-gain?
Of the stuff that we listed as ‘necessary to keep a human alive’, which do you think contributes most to weight
gain?
Which do you think contributes most to weight loss?
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Order of Matter
Building
materials
Raw materials:
metal ore, wood
grain, plastic
beads, pebbles
Level 1:
Level 2:
Level 3:
Fill in this table as we proceed through the Unit. The blank spaces are for our analogous building materials
(materials with which to build a house).
Level 1:
Atoms of the same elements can vary by:
1) Weight –
2
2) Charge –
Does changing the charge of the atom also change its weight?
Level 2:
For atoms to bond with each other, two conditions must be met:
1)
2)
Chemical bonds:
Chemical bonds are
.
Describe the attractive forces occurring in the diagram below:
1)
2)
Intramolecular Chemical Bonds
Electronegativity hint:
3
3 types of intramolecular bonds:
How does this diagram depict and explain the 3 types of bonds with regards to electronegativity?
In the context of our building analogy, how might we think of chemical bonds?
Chemical bonds are like
.
Molecule Interactions:
How does this diagram represent molecule interactions?
What’s the difference between intramolecular bonds vs. intermolecular bonds? Use the following diagram in your
answer.
Which is stronger?
4
Label the following bonds as inter or intra and then distinguish their subtype (e.g. ionic, hydrogen, etc.)
A)
and
B)
and
C)
and
D)
and
E)
and
Level 3:
Macromolecule (common
name)
Monomer
Polymer examples
Essential to eat?
What are the two things that all lipids share in common?
I.
II.
What makes lipids different from the other 3 macromolecule groups?
What functional roles do lipids serve in your body?
Polymers
What type of bond links molecules (monomers) to form certain macromolecules (polymers)?
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Proteins:
Primary structure =
Secondary structure =
Tertiary structure =
Quaternary structure =
Protein structure hint: self-assembling jacket
Functions of proteins:
What happens if a protein’s shape changes (denatures)?
Carbohydrates:
What functional roles do carbs play? Provide an example of each.
Nucleic acids:
What functional roles do nucleic acids play? Label each function as provided by DNA,
RNA, or both.
6
Concept Video + Questions
CV
The information for this portion of your notes will come from Unit 1 Video 1. The link to this video can
be found on our ICON page. I will often use questions from these videos on our Weekly Concept
Checks.
According to the video “How atoms bond”:
1.) Which electron(s) in an atom have the most energy?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The electrons closest to the nucleus
The electrons shared in a covalent bond
The electrons furthest from the nucleus
The electrons with the greatest electronegativity
The electrons in electron shell 2
2.) What kind of chemical bonds are partially responsible for holding together DNA and protein strands
in our body?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ionic bonds
hydrogen bonds
covalent bonds
Van der Waals bonds
sulfide bonds
3.) What is the term for a group of atoms that are covalently bonded to each other?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
A chemical
A molecule
An element
A polymer
An orbital
End Unit 1 Video 1 information.
7
Concept Video + Questions
CV
The information for this portion of your notes will come from Unit 1 Video 2. The link to this video can
be found on our ICON page. I will often use questions from these videos on our Weekly Concept
Checks.
According to the video “Carbohydrates”:
1.) Which of the following is used most often as an energy source for cells?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
glucose
sucrose
fructose
galactose
ribose
2.) Which of the following best describes lactose?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
a monosaccharide of glucose and galactose
a monosaccharide of glucose and glucose
a disaccharide of glucose and galactose
a disaccharide of lactose and glucose
a disaccharide of glucose and fructose
3.) Which of the following polysaccharides is used by humans to store energy?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
glucose
sucrose
starch
glycogen
chitin
4.) Cellulose can best be described as….
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
an energy storage polysaccharide in plants
a polysaccharide digestible by most animals
a polysaccharide used to add strength to plant cell walls
a structural polysaccharide found in exoskeletons
a structural polysaccharide found in prokaryotes
End Unit 1 Video 2 information.
8
Unit 1 Questions
1) Without using the exact definition of each term, summarize the first level of matter using the following terms:
atom, proton, electron, neutron, isotope, and ion (make a comparison to our building materials example if that
helps!):
2) Describe the structure, so far as we have come to know it, of a human being using the following terms (in any
order).
Atoms, molecules, macromolecules, chemical bonds, matter.
3) Distinguish the difference between intermolecular and intramolecular bonds using the following terms:
Electronegativity, ionic bond, polar-covalent bond, dipole-dipole bond, hydrogen bond, molecule
9
4) What role do the macromolecules we ingest in our food play in our bodies?
Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, vitamins and minerals
10
If I understand the content in this Unit, I should have no problem answering the following questions:
How do you alter the weight of an atom without changing the element? How do you alter the charge?
How is the atomic mass of an atom determined?
How can you tell if a covalent bond between two atoms is polar or nonpolar?
How does an ionic bond form between two atoms?
How does a hydrogen bond form?
Both ionic and hydrogen bonds involve attraction between opposite charges. So, what is the difference
between an ionic and hydrogen bond?
What is the difference between a macromolecule (e.g. a single protein) and a structure that is formed by
multiple molecule interactions (e.g. a crystal of salt containing billions of NaCl molecules)?
How does an organic molecule differ from an inorganic one?
What does it mean for a molecule to be amphiphilic? Draw an amphiphilic molecule.
What macromolecules/molecules are essential to humans?
Describe what is meant by primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures of a protein.
What are vitamins and minerals?
Unit 1 Vocab List
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Matter
Law of conservation of mass
Atom
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Element
Atomic number
Atomic symbol
Mass number
Isotope
Electrically neutral atom
Ion
Cation
Anion
Molecule
Chemical bond
Intramolecular bond
Electronegativity
Nonpolar covalent bond
Polar covalent bond
Partial charge
Ionic bond
Inorganic molecules
Organic molecules
Intermolecular bond
Dipole-dipole attractions
Hydrogen bond
Macromolecule
Lipids
Amphiphilic
Fats (triglycerides)
Fatty acid
Saturated fat
Unsaturated fat
Phospholipids
Steroids
Cholesterol
Polymerization
Monomer
Polymer
Proteins (polypeptides)
Amino acids (aa)
Primary structure
Secondary structure
Tertiary structure
Quaternary structure
Enzymes
Denature
Carbohydrates
Sugars
Monosaccharide
Disaccharide
Polysaccharide
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose
Chitin
Nucleic acids
Nucleotides
DNA
RNA
Vitamins
Minerals
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