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ACTION: Apply principles of design to a building level electrical system
CONDITIONS: Given a classroom environment, regulatory guidance,
and applicable personal protective equipment
STANDARD: Apply electrical theory and regulatory guidance for
building level electrical design
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Safety Requirements:
None
Risk Assessment Level: Low
Environmental Considerations: None
Evaluation: Students will be evaluated on this
block of instruction during the Electrical Systems
and Design Examination 3. Students must
receive a score of 80 percent or above to receive
a GO.
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NFPA 70
UFC
National Electric Code (2017)
3-510-01 Electrical Engineering
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Lesson Objectives
• Understanding loads
• Applicable NFPA tables
• Demand Factors
• Panel Balancing
• Cable Sizing
• Circuit Breaker Sizing
S3D03-5
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When designing an electrical distribution system at the building
level, a designer must know and understand the different types of
loads required for the system.
• Article 220 NFPA 70
• Branch Circuit, feeder, and
service load calculations
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Lighting Loads
Appliance Loads
Receptacle Loads
HVAC
Motors
Any specialty equipment
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Article 220.12
• A unit load of not less than that
specified in Table 220.12 for
occupancies specified shall
constitute the minimum lighting
load.
• The floor area for each floor shall
be calculated from the outside
dimensions of the building,
dwelling unit, or other area
involved.
• 3-3.5 VA/sq-ft is something
good to commit to the brains
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What is the lighting load of a 3500
sq. ft dwelling unit?
• Table 220.12 shows 3 VA/sq-ft for
dwelling units
• 3500 sq-ft*3 VA/sq-ft= 10,500 VA
So that’s it huh? It’s that easy?
Well……….. Then there is this
thing called demand factor……..
Although feeder-circuit conductors
should have an ampacity sufficient to
carry the load, the ampacity of the
feeder-circuit need not always be
equal to the total of all loads on all
branch-circuits connected to it.
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Demand factor is the ratio of the
maximum demand of a system, or
part of a system, to the total
connected load on the system, or
part of the system under
consideration. Demand factor is
always less than one.
• Table 220.12 shows 3 VA/sq-ft for
dwelling units
• 3500 sq-ft*3 VA/sq-ft= 10,500 VA
• Table 220.42 shows demand
factors for lighting loads
• First 3000VA @ 100%
• Remaining 7,500 @ 35%
• 3,000VA+2,625VA=5,625 VA
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220.14(I) Receptacle Outlets. Except as covered in
220.14(J) and (K), receptacle outlets shall be calculated
at not less than 180 VA for each single or for each
multiple receptacle on one yoke. A single piece of
equipment consisting of a multiple receptacle comprised
of four or more receptacles shall be calculated at not
less than 90 volt-amperes per receptacle.
220.14(J) Dwelling Occupancies. In one-family, twofamily, and multifamily dwellings and in guest rooms or
guest suites of hotels and motels, the outlets specified
in (J)(1), (J)(2), and (J)(3) are included in the general
lighting load calculations of 220.12. No additional load
calculations shall be required for such outlets.
220.14(K) Banks and Office Buildings. In banks or
office buildings, the receptacle loads shall be calculated
to be the larger of (1) or (2):
(1) The calculated load from 220.14(I)
(2) 11 volt-amperes/m2 or 1 volt-ampere/ft2
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250.52(A) Small-Appliance
Circuit Load.
• In each dwelling unit, the load
shall be calculated at 1500 voltamperes for each 2-wire smallappliance branch circuit as
covered by 210.11(C)(1).
• Where the load is subdivided
through two or more feeders,
the calculated load for each
shall include not less than 1500
VA for each 2-wire smallappliance branch circuit.
• These loads shall be permitted
to be included with the general
lighting load and subjected to
the demand factors provided in
Table 220.42.
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220.53 Appliance Load — Dwelling Unit(s).
It shall be permissible to apply a demand factor of 75 percent to the nameplate
rating load of four or more appliances fastened in place, other than electric
ranges, clothes dryers, space-heating equipment, or air-conditioning equipment,
that are served by the same feeder or service in a one-family, two-family, or
multifamily dwelling.
220.54 Electric Clothes Dryers — Dwelling Unit(s). The load for household
electric clothes dryers in a dwelling unit(s) shall be either 5000 watts (voltamperes) or the nameplate rating, whichever is larger, for each dryer served.
220.55 Electric Cooking Appliances in Dwelling Units. The load for household
electric ranges, wallmounted ovens, counter-mounted cooking units, and other
household cooking appliances individually rated in excess of 13∕4 kW shall be
permitted to be calculated in accordance with Table 220.55. Kilovolt-amperes
(kVA) shall be considered equivalent to kilowatts (kW) for loads calculated under
this section.
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(C) Heating and Air-Conditioning Load. The largest of the
following six selections (load in kVA) shall be included:
(1) 100 percent of the nameplate rating(s) of the air conditioning and cooling.
(2) 100 percent of the nameplate rating(s) of the heat pump when the heat pump
is used without any supplemental electric heating.
(3) 100 percent of the nameplate rating(s) of the heat pump compressor and 65
percent of the supplemental electric heating for central electric space-heating
systems. If the heat pump compressor is prevented from operating at the same
time as the supplementary heat, it does not need to be added to the
supplementary heat for the total central space heating load.
(4) 65 percent of the nameplate rating(s) of electric space heating if less than four
separately controlled units.
(5) 40 percent of the nameplate rating(s) of electric space heating if four or more
separately controlled units.
(6) 100 percent of the nameplate ratings of electric thermal storage and other
heating systems where the usual load is expected to be continuous at the full
nameplate value. Systems qualifying under this selection shall not be calculated
under any other selection in 220.82(C).
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220.14(C) Motor Outlets. Loads for motor outlets shall be calculated in
accordance with the requirements in 430.22, 430.24, and 440.6.
220.50 Motors. Motor loads shall be calculated in accordance with 430.24,
430.25, and 430.26 and with 440.6 for hermetic refrigerant motor-compressors.
(B) Torque Motors. For torque motors, the rated current shall be locked-rotor
current, and this nameplate current shall be used to determine the ampacity of
the branch-circuit conductors covered in 430.22 and 430.24, the ampere rating of
the motor overload protection, and the ampere rating of motor branch-circuit
short-circuit and ground-fault protection in accordance with 430.52(B).
(C) Alternating-Current Adjustable Voltage Motors. For motors used in
alternating-current, adjustable voltage, variable torque drive systems, the
ampacity of conductors, or ampere ratings of switches, branch-circuit short-circuit
and groundfault protection, and so forth, shall be based on the maximum
operating current marked on the motor or control nameplate, or both. If the
maximum operating current does not appear on the nameplate, the ampacity
determination shall be based on 150 percent of the values given in Table 430.249
and Table 430.250.
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(A) Usual Motor Applications. A
motor shall be marked with the
following information:
(1) Manufacturer’s name.
(2) Rated volts and full-load current.
(3) Rated frequency and number of
phases if an ac motor.
(4) Rated full-load speed.
(5) Rated temperature rise or the
insulation system class and
rated ambient temperature.
(6) Time rating.
(7) Rated horsepower if 1∕8 hp or more.
(8) Code letter or locked-rotor amperes if an alternating current
motor rated 1∕2 hp or more. On polyphase
wound-rotor motors, the code letter shall be omitted.
Informational Note: See 430.7(B).
(9) Design letter for design B, C, or D motors.
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430.21 General. Part II specifies ampacities of conductors
that are capable of carrying the motor current without overheating
under the conditions specified.
430.22 Single Motor. Conductors that supply a single motor
used in a continuous duty application shall have an ampacity of
not less than 125 percent of the motor full-load current rating,
as determined by 430.6(A)(1), or not less than specified in
430.22(A) through (G).
(A) Direct-Current Motor-Rectifier Supplied. For dc motors
operating from a rectified power supply, the conductor ampacity
on the input of the rectifier shall not be less than 125 percent of the rated
input current to the rectifier. For dc motors operating from a rectified
single-phase power supply, the conductors between the field wiring
output terminals of the rectifier and the motor shall have an ampacity of
not less than the following percentages of the motor full-load current
rating: (1) Where a rectifier bridge of the single-phase, half-wave
type is used, 190 percent. (2) Where a rectifier bridge of the singlephase, full-wave type is used, 150 percent.
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430.21 General. Part II specifies ampacities of conductors
that are capable of carrying the motor current without overheating
under the conditions specified.
430.22 Single Motor. Conductors that supply a single motor
used in a continuous duty application shall have an ampacity of
not less than 125 percent of the motor full-load current rating,
as determined by 430.6(A)(1), or not less than specified in
430.22(A) through (G).
(A) Direct-Current Motor-Rectifier Supplied. For dc motors
operating from a rectified power supply, the conductor ampacity
on the input of the rectifier shall not be less than 125 percent of the rated
input current to the rectifier. For dc motors operating from a rectified
single-phase power supply, the conductors between the field wiring
output terminals of the rectifier and the motor shall have an ampacity of
not less than the following percentages of the motor full-load current
rating: (1) Where a rectifier bridge of the single-phase, half-wave
type is used, 190 percent. (2) Where a rectifier bridge of the singlephase, full-wave type is used, 150 percent.
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430.26 Feeder Demand Factor.
Where reduced heating of the
conductors results from motors
operating on duty-cycle,
intermittently, or from all motors not
operating at one time, the authority
having jurisdiction may grant
permission for feeder conductors to
have an ampacity less than specified
in 430.24, provided the conductors
have sufficient ampacity for the
maximum load determined in
accordance with the sizes and
number of motors supplied and the
character of their loads and duties.
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210.11 Branch Circuits Required. Branch circuits for lighting and for
appliances, including motor-operated appliances, shall be provided to
supply the loads calculated in accordance with 220.10. In addition, branch
circuits shall be provided for specific loads not covered by 220.10 where
required elsewhere in this Code and for dwelling unit loads as specified in
210.11(C)
(A) Number of Branch Circuits. The minimum number of branch circuits
shall be determined from the total calculated load and the size or rating of
the circuits used. In all installations, the number of circuits shall be sufficient
to supply the load served. In no case shall the load on any circuit exceed
the maximum specified by 220.18.
(B) Load Evenly Proportioned Among Branch Circuits.
Where the load is calculated on the basis of volt-amperes per square meter
or per square foot, the wiring system up to and including the branch-circuit
panelboard(s) shall be provided to serve not less than the calculated load.
This load shall be evenly proportioned among multioutlet branch circuits
within the panelboard(s). Branch-circuit overcurrent devices and circuits
shall be required to be installed only to serve the connected load.
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210.11 Branch Circuits Required. Branch circuits for lighting and for
appliances, including motor-operated appliances, shall be provided to
supply the loads calculated in accordance with 220.10. In addition, branch
circuits shall be provided for specific loads not covered by 220.10 where
required elsewhere in this Code and for dwelling unit loads as specified in
210.11(C)
(A) Number of Branch Circuits. The minimum number of branch circuits
shall be determined from the total calculated load and the size or rating of
the circuits used. In all installations, the number of circuits shall be sufficient
to supply the load served. In no case shall the load on any circuit exceed
the maximum specified by 220.18.
(B) Load Evenly Proportioned Among Branch Circuits.
Where the load is calculated on the basis of volt-amperes per square meter
or per square foot, the wiring system up to and including the branch-circuit
panelboard(s) shall be provided to serve not less than the calculated load.
This load shall be evenly proportioned among multioutlet branch circuits
within the panelboard(s). Branch-circuit overcurrent devices and circuits
shall be required to be installed only to serve the connected load.
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(1) Tables or Engineering Supervision.
Ampacities for conductors shall be permitted to be determined by tables as
provided in 310.15(B) or under engineering supervision, as provided in
310.15(C).
Informational Note No. 1: Ampacities provided by this section do not take
voltage drop into consideration. See 210.19(A), Informational Note No. 4, for
branch circuits and 215.2(A), Informational Note No. 2, for feeders.
Informational Note No. 2: For the allowable ampacities of Type
MTW wire, see Table 13.5.1 in NFPA 79-2015, Electrical Standard
for Industrial Machinery.
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Current-Limiting Overcurrent Protective Device
A device that, when interrupting currents in its current-limiting range,
reduces the current flowing in the faulted circuit to a magnitude substantially
less than that obtainable in the same circuit if the device were replaced with
a solid conductor having comparable impedance.
210.20 and 215.3 Overcurrent Protection. Branch-circuit conductors and
equipment shall be protected by overcurrent protective devices that have a
rating or setting that complies with 210.20(A) through (D).
(A) Continuous and Noncontinuous Loads.
Where a branch circuit supplies continuous loads or any combination of
continuous and noncontinuous loads, the rating of the overcurrent device
shall not be less than the noncontinuous load plus 125 percent of the
continuous load.
240.4 Protection of Conductors. Conductors, other than flexible cords,
flexible cables, and fixture wires, shall be protected against overcurrent in
accordance with their ampacities specified in 310.15, unless otherwise
permitted or required in
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Current-Limiting Overcurrent Protective Device
A device that, when interrupting currents in its current-limiting range,
reduces the current flowing in the faulted circuit to a magnitude substantially
less than that obtainable in the same circuit if the device were replaced with
a solid conductor having comparable impedance.
210.20 and 215.3 Overcurrent Protection. Branch-circuit conductors and
equipment shall be protected by overcurrent protective devices that have a
rating or setting that complies with 210.20(A) through (D).
(A) Continuous and Noncontinuous Loads.
Where a branch circuit supplies continuous loads or any combination of
continuous and noncontinuous loads, the rating of the overcurrent device
shall not be less than the noncontinuous load plus 125 percent of the
continuous load.
240.4 Protection of Conductors. Conductors, other than flexible cords,
flexible cables, and fixture wires, shall be protected against overcurrent in
accordance with their ampacities specified in 310.15, unless otherwise
permitted or required in
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You are assigned to the 91st BEB supporting 1st BDE, 1CAV.
Your unit is deployed in support of Operation Inherent Resolve.
You are currently staging out of an ISB south of Camp Bookah.
The BEB S-3 has identified an existing hardstand structure to
occupy as a semi-permanent TOC that serves as a base for
future jump talks. The BEB commander directed the TOC be IOC
NLT D+7 and FOC NLT D+10 IOT conduct maneuver
enhancement operations in the AO. Due to the potential
longevity of the mission, the Commander’s guidance is to
develop a semi-permanent power plan for the structure using the
ISB’s BOM yard, and potentially local sourcing through
contingency contracting. You are tasked with developing a
detailed interior electrical design IOT meet the commander's
guidance.
Solve the problem!
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Summary
• Understanding loads
• Applicable NFPA tables
• Demand Factors
• Panel Balancing
• Cable Sizing
• Circuit Breaker Sizing
S3D03-28
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