our mental and behavioral processes function-how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish. Behaviorism The view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2) Humanistic Psychology Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individuals potential for personal growth. Sigmund Freud The controversial ideas of this framed personality theorist and therapist have influenced humanity self-understanding. Wilhelm Wundt Wundt established the first psychology laboratory at the university of Leipzig, Germany. Psychology The science of behavior and mental processes. Nature-Nurture issue The longstandingructuralism An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind. Functionalism A school of psychology that focused on how controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and Natural Selection The principle that among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations. Charles Darwin Darwin argued that natural selection shapes behaviors as well as bodies. Evolutionary How the natural selection of traits promoted the survival of genes. Psychodynamic How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts. Behavioral How we learn observable responses. Social-cultural How behabehaviors. Today's science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture. vior and thinking vary across situations and cultures. Counseling Psychology A branch of psychology that assits people with problems in living (school,work,or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being. Case study An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles. Naturalistic Observation Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control thNeuron a specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell. Sensory Neurons Neurons that carry incoming information from sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord. Nervous system the network of nerve cells and fibers that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body. Central Nervous System the complex of nee situation. rve tissues that controls the activities of the body. In vertebrates it comprises the brain and spinal cord. Peripheral nervous system the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord.
