Ministry of education Alsammaliya school name/……………………………………………… grade 12 final revision 1st term Chose the correct answer 1- The percentage of genomes responsible for building proteins • 100% • 2% • 98% • 25% 2- The process in which bacteria take the recombinant plasmids is called: * • Link • transformation • adhesion • the transfer 3- The process of introducing a bio green florescence gene (derived from jellyfish) into a mosquito larva is called: • hybridization • Mating • Inbreeding • Genetic Engineering 4- When two grapefruit plants are mating, one of them is red and the other is heterozygous, the likelihood of white appearing in the fruits of the next generation of mating. • 75% • 25% • 50% • 100% 5- Technology involving DNA control of an organism through the addition of intruder DNA • Hybridization • the transfer • Reproduction • Genetic Engineering 6-The process in which an incorrect gene is replaced by another healthy gene for the same genetic status * • Gene therapy • Recombinant DNA • Production of plasmid • Bioinformatics 7- To be linked to DNA primers in polymerase chain reaction: • Cooling • Freezing • reheating • Add DNA polymerase 8- What should be done to separate the two DNA sequences in the polymerase chain reaction? * • heating • Freezing • Cooling • Add prefixes 9- A method used to determine the genotype of a plant with a dominant genetic trait. * • Hybridization • the transfer • Test cross • Open Reading Templates 10- Genes in bacteria and yeast are determined by * • stop Codon and start codon • Algorithms • Open Reading Templates • Codon 11- DNA strings containing 100 or more codons starting with a start codon and ending with a stop codon * • Gel electrophoresis • Open Reading Templates • Hybridization • the transfer 12- A process in which bacteria are absorbed the recombined plasmid using an electrical pulse or heat * • Reproduction • The transformation • Hybridization • Test cross • 13-The figure below shows the DNA fingerprints of four people. The fingerprint (X) was taken from a drop of blood at a crime scene belonging to the unknown criminal (X). * • A • Both A, c • C • B 14-Endings containing one DNA sequence are longer than the other: * • related • Sticky • Connected • Blunt 15- The polymerase chain reaction uses: * • To bind tow DNA • To cut DNA • To produce many copies of DNA • To separate the DNA 16- The total DNA found in the nucleus of each cell is called * • The genome • Vector • Cutting enzymes • The gene 17- Method by which DNA fragments are separated by size * • Open Reading Templates • Genetic Engineering • Gel electrophoresis • Cloning 18- A process by which many transformed bacteria are produced * • cloning • Reproduction • the transformation • Open Reading Templates 19- One type of selective breeding produces pure strains. * • Genetic Engineering • Hybridization • Test cross • Inbreeding 20-Project Identifying All Individual Patterns in the Human Genome • Proteomics • HapMap • Genetic Pharmacology • Gene therapy 1. A is used to determine the genotype of a plant or animal( test cross 2. The offspring produced by are homozygous for most traits.( ) inbreeding 4. The cross above could be used to determine the genotype of a parent with a dominant phenotype What is this type of cross called? A. a homozygous cross C. a test cross B. a heterozygous cross D. a parental cross 8. Explain why purebred animals do not exist in the wild. Random breeding Fill in the blank with the correct vocabulary term from the Study Guide page. 10. Transgenic animals are produced by . ( genetic engineering ) 11. Biologists use to join two DNA molecules together. ( Ligase enzyme ) 12. During , a cell takes in DNA from outside the cell. ( transformation ) 13. Small, circular DNA molecules that are found inbacterial cells are called . (plasmid ) 14. What is the role of the molecule above in DNA cloning? A. to carry the foreign DNA into the host cell B. to identify the source of DNA as foreign C. to identify the host cell that has taken up the gene of interest D. to make the foreign DNA susceptible to digestion with enzymes 15. Based on the sequences below, which enzyme produces a blunt end? The cut site is indicated by the *. 16. Why is the polymerase chain reaction used? A. to amplify DNA C. to ligate DNA B. to cut DNA D. to separate DNA Fill in the blanks with the correct vocabulary term from the Study Guide page. 23. The field of uses computers to index and organize information created by sequencing the human genome.( bioinformatic ) 24. Genetic variations that are located close together are called .( Hap map ) ) 25. Which statement about the human genome is false? A. The human genome contains approximately25,000 genes. B. The human genome contains long stretches of DNA with no known function. C. The human genome was sequenced by scientists from around the world. D. The human genome contains nucleotide sequences that all code for proteins. 26. What are variations in specific nucleotides that are linked to human diseases called? A. proteomes B. haplotypes C. single nucleotide polymorphisms D. genomes 27. For what purpose is DNA fingerprinting used? A. to sequence DNA from bacteria B. to separate DNA fragments C. to identify individuals who have committed crimes D. to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms 29. List three ways patients will benefit from pharmacogenomics. 1-cure 2-spesific 3-safe Use the illustration below to answer questions 2 and 3. 2. The figure above shows bands of DNA that were separated using gel electrophoresis. Which band contains the smallest DNA fragments? A. Band A B. Band B C. Band C D. Band D 3. What could the results of this gel electrophoresis show to a scientist? A. the amount of noncoding DNA present B. the fingerprint of a person’s DNA C. the number of genes in a piece of DNA D. the random patterns of DNA 5. Which correctly lists the following terms in order from smallest to largest: DNA, chromatin, chromosomes, nucleosomes? A. chromatin, chromosomes, DNA, nucleosomes B. chromosomes, DNA, chromatin, nucleosomes C. DNA, nucleosomes, chromatin, chromosomes D. nucleosomes, DNA, chromatin, chromosomes 7. Which is a stop codon in mRNA? A. AUG B. AUU C. CAU D. UAA 8. What does the image show? A. a covalent bond B. a physical property C. a chemical reaction D. van der Waals forces 9. Which process changes a chlorine atom into a chloride ion? A. electron gain C. proton gain B. electron loss D. proton loss 10. Which of these is a pure substance that cannot be broken down by a chemical reaction? A. a compound C. an element B. a mixture D. a neutron 11. How do the isotopes of hydrogen differ? A. in the number of protons B. in the number of electrons C. in the number of energy levels D. in the number of neutrons 12. Which of the following is a substance that lowers the activation energy? A. an ion C. a catalyst B. a reactant D. a substrate 13. In which of the following are bonds broken and new bonds formed? A. chemical reactions C. isotopes B. elements D. polar molecules 14. Which statement is true of chemical equations? A. Reactants are on the right. B. Products are on the right. C. Products have fewer atoms than reactants. D. Reactants have fewer atoms than products. 1. Open Ended Identify and describe factors that can influence enzyme activity. ………Temperature ………………………………………………………………. …………PH…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. Short Answer What is a radioactive isotope? List uses of radioactive isotopes. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3-Match the term on the left with the correct definition on the right. 1. activation energy A. a protein that speeds up a reaction 2. substrate B. a substance formed by a chemical reaction 3. enzyme C. the energy required to start a reaction 4. product D. a substance that binds to an enzyme Use the graph to answer questions 23 and 24. 1. Describe the effect that temperature has on the rate of the reactions using the graph above. …………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………. 2. Which enzyme is more active in a human cell? Why? A . the optimum rate at nearly human temperature. 3. Which enzyme is more active in thermal bacteria? Why? B. the optimum rate is high as thermal bacteria can survive. Use the figure below to answer question 30. 1. What does the image show? A. a heterogeneous mixture C. a solution B. a homogeneous mixture D. a suspension 2. Which statement is not true about pure water? A. It has a pH of 7.0. B. It is composed of polar molecules. C. It is composed of ionic bonds. C. It is a good solvent. 3. Which is a substance that produces OH– ions when it is dissolved in water? A. a base C. a buffer B. an acid D. salt 1. Why are hydrogen bonds so important for living organisms? For DNA structure 2. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a strong acid. What ions are formed when HCl dissolves in water? H+ (proton) 3. Explain the importance of buffers to living organisms. maintaining a constant internal environment (homeostasis) Complete the following sentences 1. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are .polymers or macromolecules 2. Proteins are made from amino acids that are joined by . peptide bond 3. make up fats, oils, and waxes. lipids 4. DNA and RNA are examples of . nucleic acid 1. Which two elements are always found in amino acids? A. nitrogen and sulfur B. carbon and oxygen C. hydrogen and phosphorus D. sulfur and oxygen 2. Which joins amino acids together? A. peptide bonds C. van der Waals forces B. hydrogen bonds D. ionic bonds 3. Which substance is not part of a nucleotide? A. a phosphate B. a sugar C. a base D. water
