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Thesis Statement 1:
In “Protrait of Shunkin”, the reason why Tanizaki made Shunkin in
absolute superiority and bad-tempered is that she cannot be pursued
without Sasuke's “way of shaping of women”. Therefore, behind the main
theme of worship of women in the text, it reveals the idea of male
chauvinism.
Yamato Nadeshiko (大和撫子/やまとなでしこ) is a vocabulary in Japanese language that
been used for centuries to describe a woman who is quiet and reserved, gentle and considerate,
mature and has a high virtue temperament. For Tanizaki Junichiro, such type of woman will not
bring him any satisfactions, and will not agree that this form of woman is the ultimate beauty he
was chasing for. In many of his works, female worship is the eternal topic running: the male
protagonists are addicted to the physical and spiritual beauty of women, enjoying the pleasure of
masochism.
“Portrait of shunkin”, published in 1933, was created by Tanizaki Junichiro after he moved to
Osaka in 1923. In the creation of "Portrait of shunkin", tanizaki concept of beauty from the west to
the east. Although tanizaki's writing direction returns to the Oriental taste, but runs through the
fundamental tanizaki's works -- the pursuit of "eternal women" is unchanged.
In his theory, using the portrait of shunkin as an example, women(Shunkin) are sacred, perfect, is
to let men(Sasuke) willing to bow down at the feet of the. However, in fact, the reason why these
women seem to be superior and bad-tempered is that they cannot be pursued without men's
shaping of women.Therefore, behind the worship of women, reflects the idea of male chauvinism.
《春琴抄》作为谷崎润一郎的代表作之一,依旧围绕着谷崎作品的主题——女性崇拜。在谷
崎作品中的男性多沉迷于女性的肉体美或精神美,从而对女性进行宗教般的跪拜。而这种跪
拜主要体现在女性的施虐倾向与男性的受虐倾向。
在《春琴抄》中,春琴就是一位有施虐倾向的女性。春琴在师傅春松去世后就自立门户,开
始教授琴艺。春琴在授琴时对其弟子及其严格。对待佐助更是表现她乖戾的一面。谷崎笔下
的春琴一反古典中顺从的女性形象,反而成为了一个男性的统治者,对佐助进行身体以及精
神上的虐待。
相对于春琴的施虐,佐助的受虐倾向主要表现在他至死都恪守与春琴之间的身份差别,并且
将春琴的容貌与肉体推崇到宗教般的高度。甚至在春琴被毁容后性格变得自卑时,佐助更加
卑微的服侍,希望春琴可以恢复从前的乖戾性格。佐助的受虐倾向并不是通过性表现出来的,
而是通过春琴的官能美与精神美唤起成心中的神,对其进行跪拜。
由于春琴的施虐与佐助的受虐,文学界将该种关系总结为女性崇拜。谷崎作品中的女性或为
“娼妇型”,让男性沉溺于自己的肉体或精神之下,对其进行跪拜。女性对男性不仅仅是肉体
上吸引,她们的施虐行为使男性体会到受虐的快感。从而男性也甘愿通过跪拜的方式,与女
性形成施虐与受虐的非正常恋爱关系。另外,谷崎笔下的女性也有“圣母型”,女性之于男性
是神明一般的存在,接受男性虔诚的信仰。曾真对此表示:“谷崎的独特性恰在于将女人身
体的美提高到宗教般精神崇拜的境地。女人作为“性”或“美”的符号,接受男人的崇拜,也抚慰
着男人的灵与肉。”对比前者对官能美的执着,“圣母型”女性主要通过精神吸引男性。谷崎
笔下的“圣母型”女性形象与玛利亚有着相似之处,例如皮肤白皙,四肢圆润柔软,年轻美丽,
接受着男性的虔诚跪拜。谷崎在《恋爱与色情》中提及“永恒女性”形象时表明:“这是一种
女性崇拜精神。不是把女人看得比自己低下而加以爱抚,而是看得比自己崇高,甘心跪拜在
她的面前。”因此,谷崎笔下的女性“既被当作母性神崇拜,又被当作魔鬼惧怕。”而《春琴
抄》中的春琴对于佐助来说,可谓是兼具母性神的光辉与魔鬼的黑暗。
谷崎笔下的男性看似臣服于女性脚下,享受着女性给予的肉体上与精神上的虐待。恰恰相反,
男性为了追求受虐的快感,从而将女性塑造成恶魔与圣母的综合体,满足男性或者谷崎的审
美欲求。而春琴对于佐助就是兼具神圣肉体与恶魔精神的“永恒女性”。高兴兰曾提到:“他
苦苦追寻的理想妻子理想女性正是玩具与神的统一体,她需具备官能美,使他痴迷沉醉;她
还需具备古典美,使他膜拜敬仰。”佐助或者谷崎将女性奉为神明是为了满足自身的审美要
求,对女性的跪拜也是为了满足自身受虐的畸形恋爱倾向。谷崎笔下的女性就是他心中完美
女性的形象。因此,笔者认为谷崎作品中虽然体现着女性崇拜,但是女性就是男性审美的体
现可表明女性崇拜的本源是男权主义。
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