review 1&2
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the sentence or statement true.
____
1. The reaction of an ester with a strong acid is known as saponification. _________________________
____
2. Butenoic acid contains a carbon-carbon double bond and a carboxyl group. _________________________
____
3. Formic acid is the common name of ethanoic acid. _________________________
____
4. Carbon-carbon double and triple bonds are more reactive than carbon-carbon single bonds. _________________________
____
5. A polar molecule has low Van der Waal forces and a low boiling point. _________________________
____
6. CH4 has a higher melting point than CH3OH. _________________________
____
7. The only way to distinguish aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons is by their scent. _________________________
____
8. The correct IUPAC name for the structure below is 2,5,6-trimethyldecane. _________________________
____
9. The following structure can be named 2-phenylpropane or isopropylbenzyne. _________________________
____
10. Alkanes are highly reactive and combustive. _________________________
____
11. When alkanes react with halogens in a substitution reaction, they require heat or ultraviolet light. _________________________
____
12. Alkanes react with halogens in an addition reaction at room temperature. _________________________
____
13. When benzene reacts with bromine gas, the bromine atom replaces one of the hydrogens on the benzene.
_________________________
____
14. The correct IUPAC name for the structure below is 2,4-dichlorobutane. _________________________
____
15. Pentane has a higher boiling point than 2-chloropentane. _________________________
____
16. Cholesterol, retinol and ethanol are alcohols produced by living organisms that can be toxic at high levels.
_________________________
____
17. Cholesterol has an hydroxyl group and is soluble in water. _________________________
____
18. Glycerol is found in many moisturizers because it forms hydrogen bonds with water. _________________________
____
19.
will have a higher boiling point than
. _________________________
____
20. When an aldehyde reacts with hydrogen gas at high pressure and temperature with a catalyst, a secondary alcohol is always formed.
_________________________
____
21. When alcohols are oxidized, carbon dioxide, aldehydes, ketones and water may be produced. _________________________
____
22. Carboxylic acids are strong acids found in many sour and tangy foods. _________________________
____
23. Ethanoic acid is soluble in water, but hexanoic acid is not. _________________________
____
24. In the hydrolysis reaction, the ester reacts with an acid or base and forms a carboxylic acid and alcohol. _________________________
____
25. C2H5NH2 has a higher boiling point than C2H5OH. _________________________
____
26. Ethanamide has higher melting point than N,N-diethylbutanamide. _________________________
____
27. Naturally produced compounds such as coffee can be produced synthetically by the addition or removal of functional groups from
similar molecules. _________________________
____
28. Urea is synthesized in large quantities for use as a plant fertilizer and animal feed additive. _________________________
____
29. Butenoic acid and ethanol can be used to produce ethylbutanoate. _________________________
____
30. Plastics are chemically unreactive because of the strong Van der Waal forces. This makes them ideal for containers for chemicals.
________________________________________
____
31. Teflon does not allow food to stick to pans because of strong intramolecular carbon-hydrogen bonds.
______________________________
____
32. Polyester is a very durable fabric because of the polar carbonyl group which occurs at regular intervals. _________________________
____
33. The diaper industries' solution of producing disposable diapers from cellulose and synthetic polymers will eliminate all the
environmental problems. _________________________
____
34. Cross-linking between polymer strands gives soft contact lenses flexibility making them more comfortable for the wearer.
_________________________
____
35. A protein is a polymer that is made of many amino acids linked together and can perform various functions in a living organism.
_________________________
____
36. Starch and glycogen are broken down by the same enzyme in the digestive tract. _________________________
____
37. Cellulose is soluble in water because of the hydroxyl groups. _________________________
____
38. DNA is a polymer of nucleotides which stores information regarding the structure of proteins. _________________________
____
39. DNA structure can be disrupted by preservatives, UV radiation, and X-rays, leading to the possible formation of an incorrect protein or
no protein at all. _________________________
____
40. Fatty acids release an amount of energy in the cell equivalent to that provided by an equal mass of carbohydrates.
_________________________
____
41. Soaps are good cleaning agents because of their polar and non-polar ends. The polar ends dissolve in water and fat/oil.
______________________________
Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
42. The correct IUPAC name for the structure:
is ______________________________.
43. The correct IUPAC name for the compound:
is ______________________________.
44. The structure of the compound produced by this reaction:
is ____________________.
45. The primary reaction product of the reaction given below is ____________________.
46. The functional group that is found in highly reactive compounds, such as PCBs, DDT and CFCs, are _________________________.
47. When exposed to light and Cl2(g), cyclopentane will react to form _________________________.
48. When a straight chain alcohol is reacted with
,
, and
The structure of the original alcohol was _________________________.
are both formed.
49. When (CH3)3COH is reacted with an oxidizing agent, the major compound found in the reaction vessel afterward is
____________________.
50. The correct IUPAC name for the structure given below is ______________________________.
51. The process of converting cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone is called ____________________.
52. The reverse process of esterification is called ____________________.
53. The correct IUPAC name for the compound formed by the reaction below is _________________________.
54. The correct IUPAC name for the structure given below is _____________________________________________.
55. The functional group formed by amino acids in protein is ____________________.
56. The first organic compound from a living creature synthesized in a lab was ____________________.
57. Acetylsalicylic acid is synthesized in large quantities in North America. Consumers' name for this compound is
____________________.
58. The intermolecular forces between molecules of n-hexane are called ______________________________.
59. The double bond between carbon and oxygen found in several functional groups is often called _________________________.
60. The number of moles of H2 needed to completely saturate 1 mole of vitamin A is ____________________.
61. The _________________________ determine whether organic compounds are soluble in polar or non-polar solvents, whether they
have high or low melting and boiling points, or whether they react with other molecules.
62. The melting and boiling points of organic compounds are dependent on the ______________________________ between the
molecules.
63. The presence of OH and NH groups in an organic compound leads to _________________________ between molecules.
64. Kevlar, a strong polymer used in bullet proof vests, is made by the following condensation of monomers:
and
The structure of the polymer Kevlar is ___________________________________.
65. The monomer that must be used to produce the polymer given below is ____________________.
66. The polymer with the structure given below is classified as a(n) ____________________ polymer.
67. The vast majority of plastic products are polymers of substituted ____________________ monomers.
68. Elasticity in polyHEMA, a polymer used in soft contact lenses results from _________________________ between polymer strands.
69. Protein molecules are composed of amino acids held together by ____________________ functional group.
70. The antifreeze protein found in species of fish in cold waters is able to disrupt ice crystals due to its ____________________ structure.
71. The ring structure of glucose molecules is not planar, but exists as a(n) ____________________ formation.
72. A sugar molecule with a ketone functional group at carbon-2 is classified as a(n) ____________________.
73. Nitrites, found in many meats as preservatives, help damage DNA by accelerating the loss of amino groups from nitrogen groups of the
____________________.
74. When soap molecules surround an oil droplet, the resulting particle is called a(n) ____________________.
75. The polar part of the soap molecule which is soluble in water is referred to as ____________________.
Essay
76. Large factories with immense storage tanks, noxious fumes, and pipes draining dangerous fluids into clean streams is the perception
many people in the general public have when asked about the chemical industry. They frequently associate these factories with the
pollution and hazards surrounding modern chemical usage. In the past two decades, tough legislation has made many chemical factories
much safer. In fact, 'household chemical uses' poses a greater potential for personal risk and environmental pollution in many cases. The
average consumer handles a plethora of organic chemicals. Describe some of the organic chemicals commonly used around a
household, general precautions that should be observed by citizens to reduce their risks, and alternative methods to reduce their overall
consumption.
77. Designing a new pharmaceutical drug to treat an illness or chronic condition is an enormous challenge. Describe some of the problems
encountered in the manufacture and utilization of a new medicine.
78. Walking through the supermarket, you see an aisle where all the products are organic and/or natural. Discuss the validity of this
advertising technique.
79. Millions of tons of organic compounds are finding their way into the water systems of the world each year, from oil spills and pollution.
Describe the growing environmental problems created by this negligence and discuss possible solutions.
80. The pulp and paper industry is a major employer in many small towns in Northern Ontario and other provinces. Some of the by
products of the pulp process include short chain carboxylic acids such as propanoic and butanoic acid. These are produced in quantities
large enough that the strong odour produced by these acids in local streams from waste water causes concern among town residents. As
an organic chemist, devise some strategies to deal with this problem.
81. Our modern Western society relies heavily on organic compounds. Many improvements have been made in these products to assist in
solving new health, environmental and safety concerns. Describe several of these innovations.
82. Since their introduction, plastics have revolutionized modern manufacturing. With modifications in their chemical structure, they can be
utilized in thousands of products. Discuss the variety of plastic usages in our society and the complications associated with their
eventual disposal.
83. Polymers are often thought to be manufactured in immense chemical plants. Although many are, there is a large group of polymers
which are natural. Describe several natural polymers and how they are utilized in our society.
84. As a research chemist in a clothing company, you are asked to find a substitute for wool due to an epidemic of hoof and mouth disease,
similar to the one that struck Europe in 2001. What type of information would you require and how would you begin to investigate this
new product?
85. The evolution of life on other planets similar to that found on Earth would be very difficult. Describe the various factors which would
hinder its development. Your answer should consider the chemicals which are the building blocks of life on Earth.
review 1&2
Answer Section
MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE
1. ANS:
LOC:
2. ANS:
LOC:
3. ANS:
LOC:
4. ANS:
LOC:
5. ANS:
LOC:
6. ANS:
LOC:
7. ANS:
LOC:
8. ANS:
LOC:
9. ANS:
LOC:
10. ANS:
LOC:
11. ANS:
LOC:
12. ANS:
LOC:
13. ANS:
LOC:
14. ANS:
LOC:
15. ANS:
LOC:
16. ANS:
LOC:
17. ANS:
LOC:
18. ANS:
LOC:
19. ANS:
LOC:
20. ANS:
LOC:
21. ANS:
LOC:
22. ANS:
LOC:
23. ANS:
F, use a strong base
OC1.03
T
OC1.01
F, methanoic acid
OC2.04
T
OC2.01
F, non-polar
OC1.02
F, lower
OC1.02
F, one way
OC1.01
T
OC2.02
T
OC2.02
F, relatively unreactive
OC1.03
T
OC1.03
F, Alkenes
OC1.03
T
OC1.03
F, 1,3 dichlorobutane
OC2.02
F, lower boiling point
OC1.02
T
OC1.05
F, not soluble in water
OC1.02
T
OC3.02
F, lower
OC1.02
F, primary alcohol
OC1.03
T
OC1.03
F, weak acids
OC1.02
T
REF: K/U
OBJ: 1.7
REF: K/U
OBJ: 1.7
REF: C
OBJ: 1.7
REF: K/U
OBJ: 1.1
REF: K/U
OBJ: 1.1
REF: K/U
OBJ: 1.1
REF: K/U
OBJ: 1.2
REF: C
OBJ: 1.2
REF: C
OBJ: 1.2
REF: K/U
OBJ: 1.3
REF: K/U
OBJ: 1.3
REF: K/U
OBJ: 1.3
REF: K/U
OBJ: 1.4
REF: C
OBJ: 1.4
REF: K/U
OBJ: 1.4
REF: K/U
OBJ: 1.5
REF: K/U
OBJ: 1.5
REF: MC
OBJ: 1.5
REF: K/U
OBJ:
REF: K/U
OBJ: 1.6
REF: K/U
OBJ: 1.6
REF: K/U
OBJ: 1.7
REF: K/U
OBJ: 1.7
1.6
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
LOC:
ANS:
LOC:
ANS:
LOC:
ANS:
LOC:
ANS:
LOC:
ANS:
LOC:
ANS:
LOC:
ANS:
REF:
31. ANS:
LOC:
32. ANS:
LOC:
33. ANS:
LOC:
34. ANS:
LOC:
35. ANS:
LOC:
36. ANS:
LOC:
37. ANS:
LOC:
38. ANS:
LOC:
39. ANS:
LOC:
40. ANS:
LOC:
41. ANS:
LOC:
OC1.02
T
REF: K/U
OC1.03
F, lower
REF: K/U
OC1.02
T
REF: K/U
OC1.02
T
REF: K/U
OC1.03
T
REF: K/U
OC3.02
T
REF: C
OC1.03
F, of the single bonds between the carbon atoms
OBJ: 1.7
OBJ: 1.8
OBJ: 1.8
OBJ: 1.9
OBJ: 1.9
OBJ: 1.9
MC
OBJ: 2.1
F, strong carbon-fluorine bonds
OC3.02
T
OC3.02
F, will not eliminate
OC3.04
T
OC3.04
T
OC1.05
F, two different enzymes
OC1.05
F, is not soluble in water
OC1.05
T
OC1.05
T
OC1.05
F, greater than
OC1.05
F, dissolve in water only
OC1.02
LOC: OC3.02
REF: MC
OBJ: 2.1
REF: MC
OBJ: 2.2
REF: MC
OBJ: 2.2
REF: MC
OBJ: 2.3
REF: K/U
OBJ: 2.4
REF: K/U
OBJ: 2.5
REF: K/U
OBJ: 2.5
REF: K/U
OBJ: 2.6
REF: K/U
OBJ: 2.6
REF: K/U
OBJ: 2.7
REF: K/U
OBJ: 2.7
3,3,6-trimethylnonane
OC2.02
1,2,5-triphenylbenzene
OC2.02
REF: C
OBJ: 1.2
REF: C
OBJ: 1.2
REF: C
OBJ: 1.3
COMPLETION
42. ANS:
LOC:
43. ANS:
LOC:
44. ANS:
LOC: OC2.05
45. ANS:
REF: C
OBJ: 1.3
46. ANS: organic halides
REF:
LOC: OC2.04
47. ANS:
chlorocyclopentane
REF:
C
OBJ: 1.4
LOC: OC2.05
C
OBJ:
1.4
LOC: OC2.05
48. ANS:
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
REF:
ANS:
LOC:
ANS:
LOC:
ANS:
LOC:
ANS:
LOC:
ANS:
LOC:
ANS:
C
OBJ: 1.5
LOC: OC2.05
(CH3)3COH
REF: C
OC2.05
dicyclopropylmethanone
REF: C
OC2.02
oxidation
REF: K/U
OC1.03
hydrolysis
REF: K/U
OC1.03
cyclobutylmethanoate
REF: C
OC2.05
N-cyclopentyl-N-methyl-1-aminocyclohexane
REF:
ANS:
LOC:
ANS:
LOC:
ANS:
LOC:
ANS:
LOC:
ANS:
LOC:
ANS:
LOC:
ANS:
LOC:
ANS:
C
OBJ: 1.8
amide
OC1.01
urea
OC1.05
aspirin
OC2.04
Van der Waals forces
OC1.02
the carbonyl group
OC1.01
5.0 moles
OC2.06
functional groups
OC1.01
intermolecular forces
OBJ: 1.5
OBJ: 1.6
OBJ: 1.6
OBJ: 1.7
OBJ: 1.7
LOC: OC2.02
REF: K/U
OBJ: 1.8
REF: K/U
OBJ: 1.9
REF: C
OBJ: 1.9
REF: K/U
OBJ: 1.1
REF: K/U
OBJ: 1.1
REF: C
OBJ: 1.3
REF: K/U
OBJ: 1.1
REF: K/U
OBJ: 1.1
LOC: OC1.02
63. ANS: hydrogen bonding
LOC: OC1.02
REF: K/U
OBJ: 1.1
64. ANS:
REF:
C
OBJ: 2.2
LOC: OC2.05
65. ANS:
LOC: OC2.05
66. ANS: addition
LOC: OC1.04
67. ANS:
ethene
vinyl
REF: C
OBJ: 2.1
REF: K/U
OBJ: 2.2
REF:
68. ANS:
LOC:
69. ANS:
LOC:
70. ANS:
LOC:
71. ANS:
LOC:
72. ANS:
LOC:
73. ANS:
LOC:
74. ANS:
LOC:
75. ANS:
LOC:
LOC: OC1.04
REF: C
OBJ: 2.3
REF: K/U
OBJ: 2.4
REF: C
OBJ: 2.4
REF: C
OBJ: 2.5
REF: K/U
OBJ: 2.5
REF: K/U
OBJ: 2.6
REF: C
OBJ: 2.7
REF: C
OBJ: 2.7
K/U
OBJ: 2.1
cross linking
OC2.01
amide
OC1.01
tertiary
OC2.01
chair
OC2.01
Ketose
OC1.05
nucleotides
OC1.05
micelle
OC2.01
hydrophilic
OC2.01