Physiology Midterm exam study chase What is the scientific method? Scientific reliability vs validity • If reliability is high, validity can be high or low • If reliability is low , validity will always be low Purpose of a theory Basic vs applied research History of physiology • Aristotle • Erasistratus • herophilus Who is the father of physiology? • Erasistratus What are the primary tissues? What are their functions? • Muscle (skeletal, smooth, cardiac) • Connective (know examples) • Epithelial (exocrine vs endocrine) • Nervous (neurons and glial) Topics of physiology Subdivisions of physiology • Exercise • Comparative • Neurophysiology • Cardiac physiology • Cell physiology • Pathological physiology • other organ physiology Importance of human physiology Atoms • Smallest units of the chemical elements • Made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons • Its nucleus contains protons (+charge) and neutrons (no charge) • electrons (-charge) occupy orbitals or shells outside the nucleus Continued.. • Atomic mass the sum of protons and neutrons combined in an atom • Atomic number the total number of protons in an atom Covalent bonds • Occur when atoms share valence electrons • In non polar covalent bonds, electrons are shared equally eg. In H2 or O2 Atoms- electrons • Valence electrons are those in the outermost shell • These can participate in chemical reactions and form bonds Covalent Bonds • In polar bonds electrons are not shared equally • –pulled more toward one atom • - have positive and negative poles Define interphase • The state in which a cell spends most of its life, during this phase the cell copies its DNA in preparation for mitosis Describe Mitosis • A type of cell division where a parent cell gives rise to 2 daughter cells with same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent cell Describe Meiosis • A type of cell division where the parent cell divides twice to produce for daughter cells with half of the genetic information as the parent cell (sex cells)
