English language
English is the native language for more than 300 million people
on our earth. But nowadays it is widely used not only in those
countries where it is a first language. A lot of countries (such as
China, Russia, Thailand and many others) have recognized the
importance of this language recently as an international means
of communication. English is taught in all schools and colleges
there. In Russia itself English is gathering pace as a popular
second language.
There are also some countries (such as India, Singapore,
Pakistan, the Philippines and some African countries) where
English is an official second language and it is often used in
mass media, courts, parliaments and universities.
Today English is used almost everywhere. It is the language of
banking and industry, computers and trade, technology and
science. English as an international language helps people of
different nationalities from around the world discuss politics or
arrange business meetings. For example, German and Italian
businessmen can choose English as their mutual language of
communication.
More and more people from non-English speaking countries
start learning the language and using it in their daily life,
business and travelling. Tourism development has contributed
much to English becoming the universal means of
communication. However some linguists hold the opinion that
the globalization of English as an international language can be
quite harmful for the language itself because foreign speakers
greatly influence its grammar, pronunciation and vocabulary.
What is Geography?
Geography is defined as the study of spatial phenomena and
the interaction between society and nature consequently
describing and explaining the spatial patterns and processes. It
therefore, studies the lands description, population and
incidents of the Earth. Geography is thus a study of spatial
science. According to the online dictionary.com, “geography is
the science dealing with the areal differentiation of the earth’s
surface … arrangement and its interrelations over the world of
such elements as climate, elevation, soil, vegetation,
population, land use, industries, or states, and of the unit areas
formed by the complex of these individual elements”. It further
defines geography as “the science of place, that is, the study of
the surface of the earth, the locations and distribution of its
physical and cultural features, the areal patterns or places that
they form, and the interrelation of these features as they affect
humans”.
Hence geography can be divided into two main subfields,
namely, Human and Physical Geography. However, there is a
third subfield known as Environmental Geography that focuses
on how humans affect the environment through their activities
and ways of managing the environment (in other words, ways
of conserving the environment from being depleted). For the
purpose of this assignment, only Human and Physical
Geography will be discussed.
Mathematics
Mathematics is the science that deals with the logic of shape, quantity and
arrangement. Math is all around us, in everything we do. It is the building block
for everything in our daily lives, including mobile devices, architecture (ancient
and modern), art, money, engineering, and even sports.
Since the beginning of recorded history, mathematic discovery has been at the
forefront of every civilized society, and in use in even the most primitive of
cultures. The needs of math arose based on the wants of society. The more
complex a society, the more complex the mathematical needs. Primitive tribes
needed little more than the ability to count, but also relied on math to calculate
the position of the sun and the physics of hunting.
he largest branch is that which builds on the ordinary whole numbers, fractions,
and irrational numbers, or what, collectively, is called the real number system.
Arithmetic, algebra, the study of functions, the calculus, differential equations,
and various other subjects which follow the calculus in logical order are all
developments of the real number system. This part of mathematics is termed the
mathematics of number. A second branch is geometry consisting of several
geometries. Mathematics contains many more divisions.
Each branch has the same logical structure: it begins with certain concepts, such
as the whole numbers or integers in the mathematics of number, and such as
point, line and triangle in geometry.
These concepts must verify explicitly stated axioms.Some of the axioms of the
mathematics of number are the associative, commutative, and distributive
properties and the axioms about equalities. Some of the axioms of geometry are
that two points determine a line, all right angles are equal, etc. From the concepts
and axioms theorems are deduced.
Hence, from the standpoint of structure, the concepts, axioms and theorems are
the essential components of any compartment of mathematics. We must break
down mathematics into separately taught subjects, but this compartmentalization
taken as a necessity, must be compensated for as much as possible. Students
must see the interrelationships of the various areas and the importance of
mathematics for other domains. Knowledge is not additive but an organic whole
and mathematics is an inseparable part of that whole. The full significance of
mathematics can be seen and taught only in terms of its intimate relationships to
other fields of knowledge.
If mathematics is isolated from other provinces, it loses importance.