International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
Volume: 06 Issue: 07 | July 2019
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Circularly Polarized Ultra Wide Band Ring Shaped DGS Microstrip
Antenna for Wireless Applications
Uma Kumari1, Tapan V. Nahar2, Archana Mewara3, Laxmi Narayan Balai4
1M-tech
Scholar, Dept. of ECE, Yagyavalkaya Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India
Professor, Dept. of ECE, Global Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India
3Asst. Professor, Dept. of ECE, Yagyavalkaya Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India
4Head of Department, Dept. of ECE, Yagyavalkaya Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India
-----------------------------------------------------------------------***-----------------------------------------------------------------------2Asst.
Abstract: This paper presents design of ring shaped
defected ground structure microstrip antenna. Proposed
antenna is fed using microstrip line with quarter wave
transformer for impedance matching. Antenna provides
Ultra wide band characteristics and circular polarization.
HFSS simulation tool is used for simulation of proposed
antenna. Presented antenna provides 31.62% bandwidth at
2.15 GHz resonant frequency with minimum return loss and
significant gain. It find applications in MSS (Mobile Satellite
Services), Bluetooth, Satellite communicatio wireless
networking etc. Comparative performance analysis between
simulated antenna and fabricated antenna is also presented.
impedance bandwidth depends on feed configurations and
feed positions. The bandwidth of circularly polarized
antenna can be calculated where VSWR is less than 2 or
reflection coefficient is less than 10 and axial ratio is less
than 3 [10].
To reduce multipath fading and requirement of wide
bandwidth, Ultra-wideband antenna comes in the role
[11]. UWB antenna can transmit very short duration
pulses accurately and efficiently as compared to traditional
communication schemes sending sinusoidal waves. UWB
Antenna provides high data transfer rates, simple
construction of hardware, less power consumption and
omnidirectional radiation pattern [10]. For integrating
circular polarization with Ultra wide band characteristics
coplanar wave guide structure, aperture couple
techniques, Kotch fractal geometry, Matching Stubs, log
periodic structure and asymmetrical structures are used
[11-16].
Keywords: Micro strip patch antenna, Circular
Polarization Impedance Bandwidth, HFSS, Ultra Wide
Band, Log periodic antenna.
1. INTRODUCTION
Now days, Compact circularly polarized microstrip
antenna antenna plays an important role in satellite
communication and airborne communication due to its
small size, light weight, ease of fabrication and installation
[1]. Microstrip antenna has serious limitation like small
bandwidth, low gain, low efficiency and small power
handling capacity. Bandwidth can be enhanced by
increasing the height of substrate, decreasing the dielectric
constant of substrate, non contact feeding techniques,
cutting different shaped slots like H Shape [2], Bowtie[3], C
shape[4], L Shape etc., Corporate feeding [5], stacked
arrangement of patches [6] and defected ground structure
[7-8]. The polarization is an important parameter to limit
the wireless communication distance due to the resulting
wave having an angular variation. The circular polarization
provides solution of this problem. It allows the receiver to
maintain constant received power at any wave angles [9].
Linearly polarization requires polarization matching
between transmitting and receiving antenna but circularly
polarized antenna solves this problem. Many researchers
have worked on designing of the circular polarized
antenna. For generating circular polarization, two equal
amplitude orthogonal feed configurations are used. The
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For applications of future technologies of wireless
communication like cognitive radio, ground penetrating
radar and RFID, UWB and circularly polarized antenna was
mostly preferred by researchers [17-19].
In this paper, microstrip ring shaped antenna is designed.
Defected Ground Surface is used to achieve broad
bandwidth. All the parameters are optimized to achieve
circular polarization with good bandwidth and minimum
losses. Dimension of three elements having circular shaped
is. Proposed antenna geometry is simulated using HFSS
simulation tool. Patch geometry is fabricated on FR4
substrate of 4.4 dielectric constant. All the necessary
parameters like bandwidth, VSWR, Axial Ratio and return
loss are compared between simulated antenna and
fabricated antenna.
2. ANTENNA DESIGN
The proposed antenna geometry of Ring Shaped DGS
Microstrip antenna is presented in figure 1. On the top of
substrate, circular patch of 17.39 mm is designed. Then
circular slot of 15.43 mm is cut from the patch. Patch is fed
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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
Volume: 06 Issue: 07 | July 2019
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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using microstrip line of 8*2.4 square mm. A quarter wave
line is used between feed line and patch having
dimensions 12*.96 square mm. Substrate of FR4 having
dielectric constant 4.4 and loss tangent 0.025 is used. The
thickness of substrate is taken of 1.6 mm. Ground plane is
optimized at 20 mm from feed point. Substrate area is 60
mm by 50 mm. Simulation is carried out using HFSS
Simulation tool.
Name
X
XY Plot 64
Y
HFSSDesign1
m 0.00
1
1.8000 -10.0225
m2
2.4800 -9.8921
m3
2.1500 -23.8596
ANSOFT
Curve Info
dB(St(patch_T1,patch_T1))
Setup1 : Sw eep
dB(St(patch_T1,patch_T1))
-5.00
m2
m1
-10.00
-15.00
-20.00
m3
-25.00
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
Freq [GHz]
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00
Fig -2: Reflection coefficient versus frequency plot
3.2 Axial Ratio plot
Axial Ratio variation is presented in figure 3. It is observed
that proposed antenna provides axial ratio 2.37 dB at 2.3
GHz which is less than 3 dB at specific frequency which
presents the circular polarization nature.
Fig -1: Proposed Ring Shaped Defected Ground Antenna
Name
X
XY Plot 66
Y
HFSSDesign1
80.00
m1
86.0000 2.3748
ANSOFT
Curve Info
dB(AxialRatioValue)
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='2.3GHz' Phi='0deg'
70.00
Proposed antenna parameters are shown in Table 1.
dB(AxialRatioValue)
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='2.3GHz' Phi='90deg'
60.00
Table -1: Proposed Antenna Parameters
dB(AxialRatioValue)
50.00
40.00
Height
1.6 mm
Dielectric
substrate
Permittivity
FR4
Loss tangent
Inner(tanδ)
Radius of
0.025
30.00
20.00
4.4
10.00
m1
17.39 mm
Plane
Simulator
HFSS
frequency
3. SIMULATION RESULTS
-200.00
-150.00
-100.00
-50.00
0.00
Theta [deg]
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
Fig -3: Axial Ratio plot
15.43 mm
InnerPatch
Radius of
LengthPatch
of Ground
Lower bound
frequency
Upper
bound
0.00
3.3 Radiation Pattern
20 mm
Radiation pattern represents the radiation performance of
antenna in terms of space coordinates. Figure 4 represents
radiation pattern in which gain is plotted in terms of space
coordinates. Maximum gain of 1.5963 is achieved at
resonant frequency.
1 GHz
3 GHz
Name
Theta
Ang
Mag
m1
0.0000
0.0000
1.5963
Radiation Pattern 10
HFSSDesign1
Proposed antenna is simulated on HFSS virtual tool. All the
simulation results are discussed in this section.
ANSOFT
Curve Info
0
dB(GainTotal)
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='2.3GHz' Phi='0deg'
m1
-30
30
-2.00
dB(GainTotal)
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
Freq='2.3GHz' Phi='90deg'
-9.00
-60
60
-16.00
-23.00
3.1 Reflection coefficient v/s frequency plot
-90
Reflection coefficient represents the reflections to source
due to impedance mismatch. Simulated S11 versus
frequency plot is represented in Figure 2. It shows that
antenna provides less than 10 dB return loss from 1.8 GHz
to 2.48 GHz and resonates at 2.15 GHz with minimum
reflection coefficient of -23.8596 dB.
Calculated
Impedance Bandwidth is 31.62 %.
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90
-120
120
-150
150
-180
Fig -4: Radiation pattern
Three dimensional radiation pattern is shown in figure 5.
It is shown in the Figure of Eight shape which is due to
defected ground shape.
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Fig -5: Radiation pattern in 3D
(a)
3.4 Smith Chart
(b)
Smith Chart is presented in figure 6. It shows the matching
of antenna. The circles represent the resonant frequencies
where losses are minimum. It is shown that impedance is
56.76 Ohm which is vary closed to 50 Ohm, suggests good
matching.
Name
m1
Freq
Ang
Mag
Smith Chart 2
RX
2.1500 -1.1306 56.7646 -1.0359 - 0.0007i
110
100
90
0.01
80
HFSSDesign1
Zt(patch_T1,patch_T1)
Setup1 : Sw eep
60
50
140
150
ANSOFT
Curve Info
70
120
130
40
0.01
30
160
20
0.02
0.00
170
10
0.05
180
m1
-0.90
-0.80
-0.70
-0.50
0.00
-1.05
-1.10
-1.15
-1.20
-1.30
-1.50
-2.00
0
0.00
-0.05
-170
-0.00
-0.02
-160
-10
-20
-150
-0.01
-140
-30
-40
-130
-50
-120
-60
-110
-0.01
-100
-90
-80
-70
Fig -6: Smith Chart in 3D
(c)
3.5 VSWR versus frequency Plot
Fig -7: (a) Front View (b) Back View (c) Fabricated
Antenna with Measurement Setup
VSWR versus frequency plot is represented in Figure 7. It
is shown that VSWR is very close to unity at resonant
frequency which suggests excellent impedance matching.
Name
9.00
m1
X
XY Plot 65
Y
HFSSDesign1
2.1500 1.1370
Fabricated Ring Shaped DGS antenna is connected to
Vector Network Analyzer of Keysight Technologies (upto
14 GHz) using coaxial cable at Global Institute of
Technology. The measured result shows the significant
bandwidth. Figure 8 represents measured reflection
coefficient (S11) versus frequency plot. The graph
indicates that reflection coefficient is less than -10dB from
1.82 GHz to 2.30 GHz. Minimum return loss is -29.5 dB at
2.1 GHz. Measured % Bandwidth 22.85 % at 2.1 GHz. It is
shown that Proposed antenna provides significant
performance at frequencies from from 1.82 GHz to 2.3
GHz.
ANSOFT
Curve Info
VSWRt(patch_T1)
Setup1 : Sw eep
8.00
7.00
VSWRt(patch_T1)
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
m1
1.00
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
Freq [GHz]
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00
Fig -7: VSWR versus frequency plot
4. FABRICATED ANTENNA & MEASURED RESULTS
Proposed antenna is fabricated on FR4 substrate having
dielectric constant of 4.4. The fabricated antenna’s front
view, back view and measurement setup with Vector
Network Analyzer is shown in figure 8. The thickness of
substrate is 1.6 mm.
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performance for applications such as MSS (Mobile Satellite
Services), Bluetooth, wireless networking etc.
9. CONCLUSION
Design of Circularly Polarized Ultra Wide Band Ring
Shaped Microstrip Antenna for Wireless Applications is
presented. Proposed antenna is fabricated and measured
results shows significant performance with good
bandwidth and minimum return loss. It can be used
applications such as MSS (Mobile Satellite Services),
Bluetooth, wireless networking etc.
REFERENCES:
[1] Manavalan Saravanan and Madihally Janardhana
Srinivasa Rangachar “Design of Rhombus-Shaped Slot
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Volume 2019, Article ID 5149529, 7 pages,
https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5149529
Fig -8: Measured reflection coefficient versus
frequency plot
Proposed antenna provides good matching between feed
line and patches which is represented by VSWR versus
frequency plot represented in Figure 9. VSWR is very close
to unity at resonant frequency and less than 2 from 1.82
GHz to 2.30 GHz. There are losses due to cable, fabrication
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5. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
There is great similarity in the measured result of
fabricated antenna with simulated results. Simulated
result shows that simulated antenna provides less than 10
dB return loss from 1.8 GHz to 2.48 GHz and resonates at
2.15 GHz with minimum reflection coefficient of -23.8596
dB. Measured result of fabricated antenna represents that
antenna is tuned from 1.82 GHz to 2.30 GHz and resonates
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fabricated santenna is 22.85 % while Bandwidth of
Simulated antenna is 31.62 %. Measured Results of
fabricated antenna is varied from simulated results due to
cable loss, fabrication discontinuities and solder
connection. Proposed antenna provides significant
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[6] Tapan Nahar and O.P. Sharma, “A Modified Approach
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