International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
REAL TIME TRANSFORMER HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM USING
GSM AND IoT
M. Sudalaimani1, P. Lakshmi priya2, J. Pooja3, M. Vigneshwari4
1Assistant Professor, Dept. of EEE, Kamaraj College of Engineering & Technology, Dept. of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering, Kamaraj College of Engineering & Technology, Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu, India.
2,3,4Students, Dept. of EEE, Kamaraj College of Engineering & Technology, 1,2,3,4Dept. of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering, Kamaraj College of Engineering & Technology, Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Abstract - Electrical Transformers are the most important
supply to a large number of customers thus effecting system
reliability. Abnormality in distribution transformer is
accomplished with variation in different parameters like
element in the process of transmission and distribution of
electricity. Transformer is the costliest component of
Electrical Industry. As we know, Distribution transformers
are one of the most important equipment in power network
and its correct functioning is vital to system operation.
Because of, the large number of transformers distributed
over a wide area in power electric systems, the data
acquisition and conditioning monitoring is an important
issue. This project represents the design and implementation
of a mobile embedded system and novel software to monitor
and diagnose condition of transformers, by record key
operation indicators of a distribution transformer like load
currents, transformer oil, oil temperature, winding
temperature and voltage of three phases. The proposed online monitoring system integrates a Global Service Mobile
(GSM) Modem, with standalone single chip microcontroller
and sensor packages. Data of operation condition of
transformer receives in form of SMS (Short Message Service)
and will be saving in computer server. Using the suggested
online monitoring system will help utility operators to keep
transformers in service for longer of time.
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Overloading, oil temperature, load current and ineffective
cooling of transformer are the major cause of failure in
distribution transformer. When a transformer fails, an
adverse effect occurs in the continuity of transmission and
distribution system resulting in increase of power system
cost and decrease of reliability in electric delivery. As
transformer is a combination of many parts, this all parts
must be checked regularly to maintain the transformer in
perfect operating conditions. The monitoring devices or
systems which are presently used for monitoring
distribution transformer have some problems and
deficiencies. According to the above requirements, we need a
distribution transformer real time monitoring system to
monitor all essential parameters operation, and send to the
monitoring center in time. It leads to online monitoring of
main functional parameters of distribution transformers
which will provide necessary information about the health of
transformers. This will help and guide the utilities to
optimally use the transformers and keep this equipment in
operation for a longer period. Transformer Health
Monitoring System will help to identify or recognize
unexpected situations before any serious failure which leads
to greater reliability and significant cost savings. Widespread
use of mobile networks and GSM modems, have made them
an attractive option both for voice media and wide area
network applications.
Keywords: Distribution Transformer; PIC Microcontroller;
GSM/GPRS Module ; Sensors; Monitoring Unit; LCD display
I. INTRODUCTION
Electricity plays an important role in our life. Every moment
of our life depends upon electricity. Electricity has several
components and equipment helping human to transfer and
regulate the distribution according to usage. The most
crucial equipment of transmission and distribution of
electric power is transformer. In power systems, an
electrical equipment distribution transformer directly
distributes power to the low-voltage users and its operation
condition is an important criterion of the entire network
operation. The majority of these devices have been in service
for many years in different (electrical, mechanical and
environmental) conditions. They are the main components
and constitute a large portion of capital investment.
Operation of distribution transformer under rated condition
(as per specification in their nameplate) guarantees their
long service life. However, their life is significantly reduced if
they are subjected to overloading, heating, low or high
voltage/current resulting to unexpected failures and loss of
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Load current
Load voltage
Oil level
Oil temperature
Winding temperature
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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
II. BLOCK DIAGRAM
temperature can be given to comparator circuit and can be
used for over temperature indication.
+Vs(4V to 20V)
( 0 mV +10.0mV/0C )
LM35
Fig.2 Temperature sensor
4. ULTRASONIC SENSOR
Fig – 1: Block Diagram
Ultrasonic sensors are used for distance measuring
applications. These gadgets regularly transmit a short burst
of ultrasonic sound to a target, which reflects the sound back
to the sensor. The system then measures the time for the
echo to return to the sensor and computes the distance to
the target using the speed of sound within the medium.
Different sorts of transducers are utilized within industrially
accessible ultrasonic cleaning devices. An ultrasonic
transducer is affixed to a stainless steel pan which is filled
with a solvent and a square wave is applied to it, conferring
vibration energy on the liquid. The ultrasonic distance
sensors measures distance using sonar; an ultrasonic beat is
transmitted from the unit and distance-to-target is
determined by measuring the time required for the echo
return. Output from the ultrasonic sensor is a variable width
beat that compares to the distance to the target.
III. COMPONENT DESCRIPTION
1. SUPPLY CIRCUIT
The supply circuit is used to give the proper power
supply to the circuits. The single phase AC 230volts is step
down into 12V by step down transformer. The step down AC
voltage is fed into the power supply circuit. The power
supply circuit provides +5V,-5V, +12V,-12V. The arduino and
LCD display requires 5V and driver circuit requires both 5V
and 12V.
2. ARDUINO
Arduino is open-source hardware and software user
community that designs and manufactures single- board
microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for building digital
devices and interactive objects that can sense and control
both physically and digitally. Arduino microcontrollers are
pre-programmed with a boot loader that simplifies
uploading of program to the on-chip flash memory. A
program for Arduino hardware may be written in any
programming language with compiler that produces binary
machine code for the target processor. With help of this
device we can read the input values using sensors and
controls the measured parameters.
Fig.3 Ultrasonic sensor
3. TEMPERATURE SENSOR
5. CURRENT SENSOR
The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit
temperature sensors, whose output voltage is linearly
proportional to the Celsius temperature. The LM35 is
operated at -550 to +1200 C. The LM35 can read the data
using arduino and it can be stuck or established to a surface
and its temperature will be within around the range of 0.010
C of the surface temperature. The output of LM35
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The allergo ACS712 current sensor is based on the
principle of Hall Effect. According to this principle, when a
current carrying conductor is placed into a magnetic field, a
voltage is generated across its edges perpendicular to the
directions of both the current and the magnetic field. It is
used to measure the alternating high current. It steps down
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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
IV. RELATED WORK
ac current to lower value so that it can be easily read with
the help of microcontroller.
The process of designing and implementation real
time transformer health monitoring system is carried out by
arduino. The step down transformer and power supply
circuit is used to give supply to the arduino and LCD display.
In this project parameters like voltage, current, oil level, oil
temperature and winding temperature is sensed through the
respective sensors. The sensed level values are given to the
arduino.
Fig.4 Current sensor
6. LCD DISPLAY
An LCD is made with either a passive matrix or an
active matrix display grid. The active matrix LCD is also
known as a thin film transistor (TFT) display. The passive
matrix LCD has a grid of conductors with pixels located at
each intersection in the grid. A current is sent across two
conductors on the grid to control the light for any pixel. An
active matrix has a transistor located at each pixel
intersection, requiring less current to control the luminance
of a pixel. For this reason, the current in an active matrix
display can be switched ON and OFF more frequently
improving the screen fresh time.
Fig. 6 Output of the related work
Arduino calibrates the given input values and it
provides the necessary output as programmed in it. The
programmed output is displayed through the local display
LCD screen. The same output is also transmitted through the
Wi-Fi module to the internet server programmed in the
arduino. Data’s will be saved and could be used for the
further analysis. The GSM modem is used as a short message
server (SMS) device that transmits parameters as an SMS.
7. IoT
The ESP8266 Wi-Fi module is a self-contained SOC with
integrated TCP/IP protocol stack that can give any
microcontroller access to your Wi-Fi network. The ESP8266
is capable of either hosting an application or offloading all
Wi-Fi networking functions from another application
processor. Each ESP8266 module comes pre-programmed
with an AT command set firmware, meaning, you can simply
hook this up to your arduino device and get about as much
WiFi ability as Wi-Fi offers. The ESP8266 module is an
extremely cost effective board with a huge and ever growing
community.
V. PROPOSED WORK
The main objective of this project is to design and implement
an embedded – mobile and IoT based system to measure
Over voltage, Load current, Oil level, Oil temperature and
Winding temperature.
VI. METHODOLOGY
Our work includes the process of monitoring the
transformer performance in which the over voltage, over
current, oil level, oil current and winding temperature is
measured and it is compared with the nominal value in the
comparator. If the measured value exceeds or decreases, the
system will send an error alert to the concern person.
Fig. 5. ESP8266 Module
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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
VII. Conclusion
A mobile monitoring system for distribution transformer
was designed, implemented and tested. The designed system
is connected to a distribution transformer and is able to
record and send abnormal operating parameters
information to a mobile device using a GSM network. The
time to receive the SMS message varied from 2-10 seconds
and this is due to the public GSM network traffic. The system
hardware was constructed from off- the- shelf components.
The experimental results came out as expected. A server
module can be added to this system to periodically receive
and store transformer parameters information about the
entire distribution transformer of a particular utility in a
database application. This database will be a useful source of
information on the utility transformers. The stored data can
be analyzed to help the utility in monitoring the operational
behavior of their distribution transformers and identify
faults before any catastrophic failures thus resulting in
significant cost saving as well as improving system
reliability.
VIII. REFERENCES
[1] Implementation of a Transformer Monitoring Solution
Per IEEE C57.91-1995 Using an Automation Controller
Walter A. Castillo CenterPoint Energy Rekha T. Jagaduri and
Prasanna K. Muralimanohar Schweitzer Engineering
Laboratories, Inc.
[2] Distribution Transformer Monitoring for Smart Grid in
India, 1st IEEE International Conference on Power
Electronics, Intelligent Control and Energy Systems
(ICPEICES-2016).
[3] A new Method for Monitoring of Distribution
Transformers, SH. Mohamadi Department of Electrical
Engineering K.N Toosi University of Technology Tehran,
Iran.
[4] GSM-Based Distribution Transformer Monitoring System.
Abdul-Rahman AI-Ali, Abdul Khaliq & Muhammad Arshad
School of Engineering, American University of Sharjah Box
26666, AUS, Sharjah, United Arab Emirate, IEEE MELECON
2004, May 12-15,2004, Dubrovnik, Croatia.
[5]. Prof. M. S. Sujatha & Dr. M Vijay Kumar, “On-Line
Monitoring And Analysis of Faults in Transmission and
Distribution Lines Using GSM Technique”, Journal of
Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, ISSN:
1992-8645, E-ISSN: 1817-3195, 30th November 2011, Vol.
33 No.2.
[6]. Sh. Mohamadi & A. Akbari, “A New Method For
Monitoring of Distribution Transformers”, 978-1-45771829-8/12/$26.00 ©2012 IEEE.261
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