FORMULAS AND CHARGES OF IONS
Cations
1+
Group IA (1)
Li+1 Lithium
Na+1 Sodium
K+1 Potassium
Rb+1 Rubidium
Cs +1 Cesium
Fr +1 Francium
NH4+1
Cu+1
H+1
H3O+1
Ag+1
Au+1
Ammonium
Copper (I)
Hydrogen
Hydronium
Silver
Gold (I)
2+
Group IIA (2)
Be2+ Beryllium
Mg+2 Magnesium
Ca+2 Calcium
Sr+2 Strontium
Ba+2 Barium
Ra+2 Radium
Cd+2 Cadmium
Cr +2 Chromium (II)
Cu+2 Copper (II)
Fe+2 Iron (II)
Pb+2 Lead(II)
Mn2 Manganese (II)
Hg+2 Mercury (II)
Hg2+2 Mercury (I)
Ni+2 Nickel (II)
Sn+2 Tin (II)
Zn+2 Zinc
Co+2 Cobalt (II)
3+
Group IIIA (13)
Al+3 Aluminum
Ga+3 Gallium
4+
Group IVA (14)
Si+4 Silicon
Ge+4 Germanium
Au+3
Bi+3
Cr+3
Co+3
Fe+3
Mn+3
Ni+3
Sn+4
Pb+4
Gold (III)
Bismuth (III)
Chromium (III)
Cobalt (III)
Iron (III)
Manganese (III)
Nickel (III)
Tin (IV)
Lead (IV)
5+
Group VA (15)
As+5
Bi+5
Arsenic (V)
Bismuth (V)
Anions
1GroupVI IA (17)
F –1 Fluoride
Cl –1 Chloride
Br –1 Bromide
I –1 Iodide
H –1 Hydride
C2H3O2 –
CN –1
H –1
OH –1
NO2 –1
NO3 –1
MnO4–1
ClO –1
ClO2 –1
ClO3 –1
ClO4 –1
***
HCO3–1
HSO3 –1
HSO4 –1
H2PO4–1
2Group VIA (16)
O-2 Oxide
S-2 Sulfide
Se-2 Selenide
Acetate
Cyanide
Hydride
Hydroxide
Nitrite
Nitrate
Permanganate
Hypochlorite
Chlorite
Chlorate
Perchlorate
Br & I are similar
Hydrogen carbonate
Hydrogen sulfite
Hydrogen sulfate
Dihydrogen phosphate
CO3-2
CrO 4-2
Cr2O7-2
C2O4-2
O2-2
SiO3-2
SO3-2
SO4-2
HPO4-2
3Group VA (15)
N-3 Nitride
P-3 Phosphide
Carbonate
Chromate
Dichromate
Oxalate
Peroxide
Silicate
Sulfite
Sulfate
Hydrogen phosphate
PO3-3
PO4-3
AsO4-3
Phosphite
Phosphate
Arsenate
4Group VA (15)
C-4 Carbide
Covalent Prefixes
monoditritetrapentahexaheptaoctanonadecaundecadodeca-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Oxyanions
BrO –1
hypo-(root)-ite
(2 less oxygens)
hypobromite
BrO 2 –1
(root)-ite
(1 less oxygen)
bromite
(root)-ate
BrO 3 –1
BrO 4 –1
bromate
Per-(root)-ate
(1 more oxygen)
perbromate
Acids
Acids (HA) Name depends on anions ending
Anion ending
Acid Name
-ide
hydro–(root) -ic acid
-ite
(root)-ous acid
-ate
Diatomic molecules: Br2, I2, N2, Cl2, H2, O2, F2
(root)-ic acid
Common Complex Ion Ligands
Anions
Neutral Molecules
1-
fluoro
chloro
F
Cl1-
aquo
ammine
H2O
NH3
bromo
Br1-
benzene
C6H6
iodo
I
1-
carbonyl
CO
carbanato
CO32-
ethylenediamine
H2NCH2CH2NH2 or en
methylamine
CH3NH2
dimethylamine
(CH3)2NH
nitrosyl
NO
1-
cyano
CN
hydrido
H11-
hydroxo
OH
nitrato
NO31-
nitro
NO21-
oxalato
C2O42- or ox
Latin Names for Metal Ions in Anionic ions
copper
cuprate
gold
aurate
2-
oxo
O
sulfato
SO42-
iron
ferrate
1-
lead
plumbate
silver
argenate
tin
stannate
thiocyanato
SCN
thiosulfato
S2O32-
Organic Compounds
Prefix stems
1 meth-
3 prop-
5 pent-
7 hept-
9
2 eth-
4 but-
6 hex-
8 oct-
10 dec-
Single Bonds: -ane;
Double Bond: -ene
non-
Triple Bond: -yne
Substituent groups
R-CH3
R-Br
bromo-
methylR-F
R- C2H5
fluoro-
R- Cl
ethylchloro-
R-C3H7
propyl-
R- I
iodo-
Organic Functional Groups
Category
Functional Name
Ending Change
Category
Functional Name
O
||
R-C-H
O
||
R-C-R’
Ending Change
Alcohols
R-OH
-ol
Aldehydes
Esters
R-O-R’
R-yloxy-R’
Ketones
-oic acid
Amine
R-NH2
Ryl-amine
R-ylR’-oate
Amide
O
||
R-C-NH2
Ryl-amide
Carboxylic acid
Esters
O
||
R-C-O-H
O
||
R-C-O-R’
-al
-one